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Neuromotor dysfunction as a major outcome domain of psychotic disorders: a 21-year follow-up study
No full textBackground
The long-term stability of neuromotor domains assessed at the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and their ability for predicting a number of outcomes remains largely unknown, and this study addressed these issues.
Methods
This was a longitudinal study of 243 participants with FEP who were assessed at baseline for background variables and parkinsonism, dyskinesia, neurological soft signs (NSS) and catatonia, and reassessed 21 years later for the same neuromotor variables, psychopathology, functioning, personal recovery, cognitive performance and medical comorbidity. Stability of neuromotor ratings was assessed using the intraclass correlations coefficient and associations between the predictors and outcomes were examined using univariate and multivariate statistics.
Results
Baseline dyskinesia and NSS ratings showed excellent stability over time whereas that for parkinsonism and catatonia was relatively low. Neuromotor dysfunction at follow-up was independently predicted by a family history of schizophrenia, obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental delay, low premorbid IQ and baseline ratings of dyskinesia and NSS. Moreover, baseline dyskinesia and NSS ratings independently predicted more positive and negative symptoms, poor functioning and less personal recovery; catatonia predicted less personal recovery and more medical comorbidity. Baseline neuromotor ratings explained between 4% (for medical comorbidity) and 34% (for neuromotor dysfunction) of the variance in the outcomes. Lastly, neuromotor dysfunction at baseline highly predicted clinical staging at follow-up.
Conclusion
Baseline neuromotor domains show variable stability over time and relate distinctively to very long-term outcomes. Both baseline dyskinesia and NSS are trait markers of the disease process and robust predictors of the outcomes.The study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (grant PI16/02148 and 19/01698) and the Regional Government of Navarra (grant 31/17 and 41/18)
Mujeres con problemas de uso o abuso: análisis con enfoque de género de sistema interviniente
No full textLos tratamientos para adicciones se empezaron a articular en los años 80. El modelo actual se ha
profesionalizado y propone una intervención biopsicosocial avalada por una base teórica. Una constante en
estos servicios es la escasa presencia de mujeres, que llegan en peores condiciones y tienen menos
posibilidades de recuperarse que los hombres, lo que cuestiona la adecuación de estos servicios para las
mujeres e invita a reflexionar sobre sus bases de la intervención que proponen.
Este trabajo mira a las personas que trabajan en uno de estos sistemas de intervención que para
acercarse a su experiencia profesional en la intervención con mujeres con problemas de uso o abuso de
sustancias. Desde la sistematización de su experiencia busca propuestas de mejora al respecto. El discurso
aportado por estas personas muestra que la organización está en proceso de implementación de la
perspectiva de género y disonancias acerca del propio posicionamiento en cuanto a la perspectiva de
género. Muestran también la necesidad de una planificación estratégica que ayude a reorientar esfuerzos
para hacerla transversal en la organización, clarificar el proceso, aunar criterios y orientar a la plantilla para
reducir el espacio a la voluntariedad.Addiction treatments began to emerge in the 1980s. The current model has become more
professional and proposes a biopsychosocial intervention supported by a theoretical foundation. A
constant feature of these services is the limited presence of women, who arrive in worse condition and
have fewer chances of recovery than men. This calls into question the appropriateness of these services for
women and invites us to reflect on the foundations of the interventions they propose.
This work examines the people who work in one of these intervention systems to explore their
professional experience in interventions with women with substance use or abuse problems. By
systematizing their experience, it seeks proposals for improvement in this regard. The discourse provided
by these individuals reveals that the organization is in the process of implementing a gender perspective
and disagreements about its own position regarding the gender perspective. They also highlight the need
for strategic planning that helps refocus efforts to make it transversal throughout the organization, clarify
the process, unify criteria, and guide the workforce to reduce the gap left open to voluntary action.Máster Universitario en Género, Mujeres e IgualdadUnibertsitateko Masterra Genero, Emakume eta Berdintasun Gaieta
Percepción del profesorado y familias sobre la incidencia de las pantallas en alumnado de Educación Infantil y Primaria
No full textEl presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado analiza la percepción del profesorado y las familias sobre la
incidencia del uso de pantallas en el alumnado de Educación Infantil y Primaria en cuatro centros de la
comarca de Zizur Mayor. Mediante la realización de encuestas y una revisión bibliográfica de estudios
actuales, se analiza la percepción de los efectos del uso de dispositivos digitales en el contexto
educativo y familiar, centrándose en algunos aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y sociales, además de
en hábitos, rutinas y normas de uso implementadas tanto en la escuela como en el hogar. Los
resultados obtenidos de estas encuestas, así como el contraste de estos con la bibliografía pertinente,
permiten identificar similitudes y discrepancias en las percepciones, reflejando la necesidad de
estrategias educativas coordinadas y el papel clave de la mediación parental. Las conclusiones resaltan
la importancia de hacer un uso saludable y responsable de las tecnologías en edades tempranas,
además de brindar una educación digital adecuada y actualizada, que garantice un desarrollo
tecnológico equilibrado, libre, en la medida de lo posible, de impactos negativos en la salud y el
bienestar integral del alumnado.This Final Degree Project analyzes the perceptions of teachers and families regarding the impact of
screen use on Early Childhood and Primary Education students in four schools within the Zizur Mayor
region. Through surveys and a literature review of current studies, the research explores how digital
devices are perceived to affect students both in educational and family contexts, focusing on cognitive,
emotional, and social aspects, as well as on habits, routines, and rules implemented at school and at
home. The results obtained from the surveys, along with their comparison to relevant literature, reveal
both similarities and discrepancies in perceptions, highlighting the need for coordinated educational
strategies and the crucial role of parental mediation. The conclusions emphasize the importance of
promoting healthy and responsible use of technology from an early age, as well as providing adequate
and up-to-date digital education that ensures balanced technological development, as free as possible
from negative impacts on students’ health and overall well-being.Graduado o Graduada en Maestro en Educación Primaria por la Universidad Pública de NavarraLehen Hezkuntzako Irakasletzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
La relación entre cibervictimización y suicidalidad: factores de riesgo y protección en adolescentes
No full textAntecedentes: La adolescencia se ha visto altamente impactada por el uso intensivo de las redes sociales, las cuales han facilitado la aparición de la cibervictimización, un fenómeno que puede tener graves consecuencias psicológicas, incluyendo la suicidalidad. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es revisar la literatura científica sobre la relación entre la cibervictimización y la suicidalidad en adolescentes. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistematizada en las bases de datos Web of Science, Pubmed y Dialnet, y se seleccionaron 20 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Resultados: Los estudios revisados confirman que la cibervictimización está significativamente asociada a la suicidalidad, más que el acoso tradicional. Los factores de riesgo más relevantes incluyen problemas de salud mental, aislamiento social y uso intensivo de redes sociales, y entre los factores protectores destacan el apoyo social, la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia. Las diferencias de género en los estilos de afrontamiento hacen que las chicas presenten una mayor tasa de ideación suicida y los chicos de suicidios. Conclusiones: La cibervictimización genera un fuerte impacto en la salud mental adolescente y está claramente asociada a un mayor riesgo de suicidalidad. Este vínculo se ve intensificado o atenuado por factores individuales, sociales y contextuales.Background: Adolescence has been highly impacted by the intensive use of social media, which has facilitated the emergence of cybervictimization, a phenomenon that can have serious psychological consequences, including suicidality. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to review the scientific literature on the relationship between cybervictimization and suicidality in adolescents. Methodology: A systematized review was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Dialnet databases, and 20 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected. Results: The reviewed studies confirm that cybervictimization is significantly associated with suicidality, even more than victimization by traditional bullying. The most relevant risk factors include mental health problems, social isolation, and intensive use of social media, while protective factors include social support, emotional intelligence, and resilience. Gender differences in coping styles lead to girls having a higher rate of suicidal ideation and boys having a higher rate of suicide. Conclusions: Cybervictimization has a significant impact on adolescent mental health and is clearly associated with an increased risk of suicidality. This link is intensified or attenuated by individual, social, and contextual factors.Graduado o Graduada en Maestro en Educación Primaria por la Universidad Pública de Navarra (Programa Internacional)Lehen Hezkuntzako Irakasletzan Graduatua, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan (Nazioarteko Programa
Efectos de una intervención de Colpbol sobre la motivación y satisfacción
No full textEl presente Trabajo Fin de Máster analiza los efectos de una intervención didáctica basada en
el deporte alternativo del Colpbol, diseñada a partir de la hibridación de los modelos pedagógicos de
Educación Deportiva (MED) y Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU), sobre la motivación y la
satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) del alumnado de 4º de Educación
Secundaria Obligatoria. La intervención se estructuró en cuatro sesiones que integraron la
participación activa, el reparto de roles, y la toma de decisiones en contextos tácticos cooperativos.
El estudio se desarrolló mediante un enfoque cuantitativo cuasi-experimental, con medición pretest
y postest a través de los cuestionarios validados PLOC-2 y BPNES.
Los resultados reflejan un aumento significativo en la satisfacción de la autonomía del
alumnado, lo cual respalda la eficacia del enfoque híbrido en la promoción de entornos
motivacionales más autodeterminados. Otras variables como la competencia, la relación social o la
motivación intrínseca mostraron tendencias positivas, aunque no significativas. Por el contrario, la
regulación integrada experimentó una disminución significativa, posiblemente atribuida a la corta
duración de la intervención y al carácter novedoso del contenido. Estos hallazgos sugieren que
metodologías activas centradas en el alumnado pueden tener un impacto positivo sobre el clima
motivacional, si bien requieren mayor continuidad temporal para consolidar sus efectos.This Master's Thesis analyzes the effects of a didactic intervention based on the alternative
sport Colpbol, designed through the hybridization of the Sport Education Model (MED) and Teaching
Games for Understanding (TGfU), on the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs
(BPN) of students in the 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education. The intervention was
structured into four sessions that integrated active participation, role distribution, and decisionmaking in cooperative tactical contexts. The study followed a quasi-experimental quantitative
approach, using validated pre- and post-test instruments: the PLOC-2 and BPNES questionnaires.
The results show a significant increase in students' autonomy satisfaction, supporting the
effectiveness of the hybrid approach in promoting more self-determined motivational environments.
Other variables such as competence, social relatedness, and intrinsic motivation showed positive
trends, although not statistically significant. Conversely, integrated regulation experienced a significant decrease, possibly due to the short duration of the intervention and the novelty of the
content. These findings suggest that student-centered active methodologies can have a positive
impact on the motivational climate, although they require longer implementation periods to
consolidate their effects.Máster Universitario en Profesorado de Educación Secundaria por la Universidad Pública de NavarraBigarren Hezkuntzako Irakasletzako Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Obtención de membranas poliméricas avanzadas para aplicaciones industriales
No full textEl creciente interés por el desarrollo de nuevos materiales en el área de la ingeniería de materiales los cuales sean sencillos de obtener, lo más económicos y sostenibles para luchar contra el cambio climático antropogénico, se encuentra en pleno crecimiento en esta área de la ciencia. Se ha focalizado el estudio en la tecnología de membranas, llegando a ellas empleando dos tecnologías de fabricación: Solution Casting y Electrospinning, empleando como precursores el Ácido Polilactico (PLA) y la Lignina, polímeros naturales presentes en la naturaleza (Por lo que se puede considerar el empleo de materiales respetuosos con el medio ambiente). Además, se ha llevado un estudio mediante diferentes técnicas de caracterización superficial química y físicas, para poder conocer acerca de su microestructura, y su posible influencia durante su vida en servicio en determinadas aplicaciones. En este proyecto se ha centrado sobre todo en aplicaciones industriales, de interés general, más en concreto en el área de la microbiología, mediante el estudio de la resistencia de las membranas obtenidas ante diferentes patógenos, ya sea o bien o por difusión desde la membrana o por contacto directo.The growing interest in the development of new materials in the area of materials engineering, which are easy to obtain, the most economical and sustainable to fight against anthropogenic climate change, is in full growth in this area of science. The study has focused on membrane technology, reaching them using two manufacturing technologies: Solution Casting and Electrospinning, using as precursors Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Lignin, natural polymers present in nature (so it can be considered the use of environmentally friendly materials). In addition, a study has been carried out using different techniques of chemical and physical surface characterization, to know about its microstructure, and its possible influence during its service life in certain applications. In this project has focused mainly on industrial applications of general interest, more specifically in the area of microbiology, by studying the resistance of the membranes obtained before different pathogens, either by diffusion from the membrane or by direct contact.Máster Universitario en Ingeniería de Materiales y Fabricación por la Universidad Pública de NavarraMaterialen eta Fabrikazioaren Ingeniaritzako Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Permanent crop cover as a strategy for drought-resistant viticulture: insights on how rhizosphere metagenomics influences leaf-level -omics for an enhanced overall plant response
No full textThe viticulture sector is currently threatened by climate change, impacting grape quality and yield through altered weather patterns and reduced soil health. The incorporation of cover crops can significantly bolster sustainability by enhancing soil moisture retention and structural integrity, both of which are essential for the enduring viability of vineyards in the long term. Cover cropping presents numerous advantages, such as the enhancement of soil health, mitigation of erosion, and facilitation of nutrient cycling; however, it may also pose certain short-term risks, including competition for vital resources like water. In spite of the progress made in comprehending the advantages of cover crops in vineyard settings, the intricate dynamics between plant¿microbe interactions and the leaf-level metabolic responses of grapevines at the leaf level to drought conditions remain unexplored. This study examines the impact of water availability and green cover (comprising perennial ryegrass and Trifolium repens) on grapevine photosynthetic and metabolism efficiency, positing that crop cover fosters a microhabitat that bolsters microbial communities and drought resilience. Through comprehensive examinations of gas exchange, isotopic analysis, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and soil metagenomics, this study clarifies the relationships among irrigation methodologies, photosynthesis, and soil health, ultimately aiding in the fortification of agricultural resilience in the face of climate change. Our investigation demonstrates that the adoption of cover crops yields unexpected immediate benefits in bolstering drought resilience for vineyards. Despite an observed increase in overall evapotranspiration during drought conditions, the use of cover crops facilitated carbon accumulation and enhanced osmolyte-acting metabolites (including sugars and sugar alcohols) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, alongside a comprehensive molecular adaptation to drought stress. Moreover, cover cropping was shown to promote the expression of defense-related pathways, while vineyards devoid of cover crops exhibited minimal transcriptional responses; certain taxa exhibited responses contingent upon the treatment, with Tistrellales and Gaiellales being linked to crop cover under favorable conditions, whereas Rhizoctonia demonstrated a strong association with rhizospheric soil during drought conditions when crop cover was present. Our study is the first to show that cover cropping can boost cash crop resilience to drought through intricate plant-soil-microbe interactions, providing benefits from the outset.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This study has been funded by the Department of University, Innovation and Digital Transformation of the Government of Navarre and the European Union (FEADER funds) in the context of the CUALVID project. Iván Jaúregui acknowledges the support of the Government of Navarra for his contract through the Atracción de Talento Senior Andia 2021 program, and Government of Navarre and the European Union (FEADER funds) in the context of the NITROECOMPOST project. This work was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant PID2020-120229RA-I00 and the 'Ramón y Cajal' contract RYC2019-028030-I to Igor Florez-Sarasa. Furthermore, Ariadna Iglesias-Sanchez received a predoctoral fellowship from the MCIN/AEI FPI program (PRE2018-083610)
Effects of spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults: a GRADE-assessed and dose-response meta-analysis of RCTs
No full textBackground and Aim. Weight management remains a global health concern, with increasing interest in nutritional interventions to support healthy body composition. In recent years, the potential role of supplements like Spirulina has gained considerable attention as a possible intervention. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults.
Methods. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted across online databases to find relevant RCTs from inception until December 2024. The primary endpoints were changes in anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis and metaregression were performed using STATA software, and sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also conducted.
Results. The pooled analysis of 17 RCTs indicated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced body weight (BW) (WMD: -1.07 kg; p=0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40; p=0.025), body fat percentage (BFP) (WMD: -0.84%; p=0.002), but had no significant effects on waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -0.46 cm; p=0.280). Based on Egger’s regression test, there is no publication bias for BW (p=0.097), BMI (p=0.382), BFP (p=0.945), and WC (p=0.488). A significant dose–response effect on BMI and intervention dose (Coefficient: -0.17, P=0.007) and duration (Coefficient: 0.13, p=0.042).
Conclusion. Spirulina supplementation effectively reduces BW, BMI, and BFP, with stronger effects at higher doses and longer durations, especially in obese or older individuals. While no significant change in WC was observed overall, subgroup analyses suggest potential benefits for specific populations, emphasizing the importance of personalized supplementation strategies
Programa de salud materna en comunidades rurales de Loreto, Perú
No full textLa salud materna es un indicador esencial del desarrollo humano y de la equidad en el acceso a los servicios de salud. La mortalidad materna sigue siendo un grave problema en países en desarrollo, donde el 94% de las muertes ocurren, especialmente en zonas rurales. En América Latina, la desigualdad es evidente: mientras que en Chile la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM) es baja, en Haití es muy alta. Perú ha reducido su RMM a nivel nacional, pero en Loreto las cifras siguen siendo alarmantes, duplicando el promedio nacional.
En Loreto, los principales factores que agravan la situación incluyen barreras educativas y culturales, desconfianza en el sistema de salud, inaccesibilidad geográfica, y limitaciones en recursos humanos y materiales. También influyen factores como el embarazo adolescente, la violencia doméstica y los trastornos de salud mental. Estas causas se agrupan bajo el modelo de las “cuatro demoras”: reconocer el problema, buscar ayuda, llegar al centro de salud y recibir atención oportuna. En los últimos años, han aumentado especialmente la tercera y cuarta demora.
Ante la falta de un programa integral que aborde tanto la salud mental materna como las cuatro demoras, se propone una intervención comunitaria, intercultural e intersectorial. Esta incluye radios educativas para parteras, talleres de empoderamiento, unidades móviles fluviales, simulacros, capacitación en primeros auxilios obstétricos e interculturalidad, así como la integración de servicios de salud mental. El objetivo es reducir la mortalidad materna y garantizar el derecho de las mujeres amazónicas a una maternidad segura y respetuosa de su cultura.Maternal health is a key indicator of human development and health equity. Maternal mortality remains a serious challenge in developing countries, where 94% of deaths occur, especially in rural areas. In Latin America, the disparity is evident: while Chile has a low maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Haiti has one of the highest. Although Peru has reduced its national MMR, the Amazon region of Loreto continues to show alarmingly high rates—double the national average.
In Loreto, key contributing factors include educational and cultural barriers, mistrust in the healthcare system, geographic inaccessibility, and limited medical resources. Additional issues such as teenage pregnancy, domestic violence, and mental health disorders also play a role. These factors are addressed using the “four delays” model: delay in recognizing the problem, seeking help, reaching a health facility, and receiving proper care. In recent years, the third and fourth delays have increased significantly.
Given the absence of a comprehensive program addressing both maternal mental health and the four delays, a new intervention is proposed. This intercultural, community-based and intersectoral program includes educational radio networks for traditional midwives, maternal decision-making workshops, mobile river units, emergency drills, training in obstetric first aid and intercultural care, and integration of mental health services. The aim is to reduce maternal mortality and uphold the right of Amazonian women to safe, dignified, and culturally respectful motherhood.Máster Universitario en Salud Pública por la Universidad Pública de NavarraOsasun Publikoko Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Sex-specific thresholds of peak oxygen consumption for detecting cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
No full textAims: To establish sex-specific peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) thresholds that accurately discriminate cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to validate these cut-off points using an independent cohort.
Methods: This longitudinal study included 83 participants (aged 8–18 years) with type 1 diabetes from the Diactive-1 cohort. VO2peak was assessed via maximal exercise testing with direct gas analysis, and CMR was calculated using a composite z-score of waist circumference, lipid profile, HbA1c, and blood pressure. VO2peak thresholds for CMR were identified by sex using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis, and externally validated in a Brazilian cohort (n = 36). A total of 62 individuals completed the 2-year follow-up assessment.
Results: Optimal VO2peak thresholds were 40.8 ml/kg/min for boys and 33.7 ml/kg/min for girls, with areas under the curve of 0.71 and 0.78, respectively. Participants below these thresholds had significantly higher lipids and overall CMR. These associations persisted at the two-year follow-up and were confirmed in the Brazilian cohort, which also showed elevated HbA1c among high-risk individuals.
Conclusions: Our study supports the clinical utility of these thresholds as a non-invasive marker of metabolic health and reinforce the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness promotion in this population.This study was funded by grant PI21/01238 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) and co-funded by de European Union. The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship form Instituto de Salud Carlos III granted to Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza (FI22/00329). Open Access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra