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Efectos de la semaglutida sobre la masa muscular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención basada en entrenamiento de fuerza
No full textLa diabetes tipo 2 y la obesidad son enfermedades crónicas en aumento. Ante esta
situación, se han desarrollado fármacos agonistas del GLP-1 como la semaglutida,
efectivos en la pérdida de peso y grasa, aunque su impacto sobre la masa magra todavía
se desconoce. Esta revisión analizó el efecto de la semaglutida en la masa magra de
adultos con diabetes tipo 2 y/o obesidad. Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed, Cochrane,
Scopus y Web of Science hasta febrero de 2025. De los 172 estudios, 11 cumplieron los
criterios de selección. Se analizaron datos de 474 pacientes (edad media: 55,6 años;
seguimiento medio: 26,9 semanas). El meta-análisis reveló una disminución significativa
de la masa magra (g Hedges= -0,53). Las variables “cambio de masa grasa” y “vía de
administración” actuaron como moderadoras. Aunque la semaglutida es efectiva en la
pérdida de peso y grasa, puede reducir la masa magra, lo que exige intervenciones
complementarias como ejercicios de fuerza.Type 2 diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases with increasing prevalence worldwide.
In response, GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide have been developed,
demonstrating efficacy in reducing body weight and fat mass, although their impact on
lean mass remains unclear. This review analysed the effect of semaglutide on lean mass
in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. A search was conducted in PubMed,
Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science up to February 2025. From 172 studies initially
identified, 11 met the selection criteria. Data from 474 patients (mean age: 55.6 years;
average follow-up: 26.9 weeks) were analysed. Meta-analysis revealed a significant
reduction in lean mass (Hedges’ g = -0.53). The variables “change in fat mass” and “route
of administration” were significant moderators. Although semaglutide is effective for
weight and fat loss, it may also reduce lean mass, which highlights the importance of
incorporating resistance training as a complementary intervention.Graduado o Graduada en Fisioterapia por la Universidad Pública de NavarraFisioterapian Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Polycarbonate nanofiber filters with enhanced efficiency and antibacterial performance
No full textThe need for clean and safe air quality is a global priority that extends to diverse environments, including households, industrial spaces, and areas requiring respiratory personal protection. In this study, polycarbonate (PC) nanofiber filters coated with a coating containing a silver salt were prepared by the electrospinning process and a subsequent dipping–extraction method. These nanofiber filters presented the enhancement of air filtration efficiency and reinforcement of antibacterial properties. The research includes diverse PC filter structures, assessing beaded and non-beaded structures and varying areal weights. The study evaluated filtration efficiency across NaCl particle sizes (50–400 nm) and pressure drop outcomes. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the coated filters against E. coli and other coliforms was investigated by the filtration membrane method. Repetitive testing consistently yields high efficiencies, reaching 100% in thicker filters, and minimal air resistance in beaded filters, presenting an advantage over the current systems. Furthermore, the new properties of the filters will enhance environmental safety, and their time of use will be increased since they prevented the growth of bacteria, and no significant colonies were seen. Considering all these factors, these filters presented promising application in environments with harmful microorganisms, for the development of advanced industrial filtering systems or even hygienic masks.This research was funded by Gobierno Vasco ELKARTEK (grant number: KK2023/00028) and Grupos Consolidados (IT1756-22
Psychometric properties and normative data using item response theory approach for three neuropsychological tests in Waranka children population
No full text: Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Shortened Version of the
Token Test (SVTT), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III), and the Rey–Osterrieth
Complex Figure (ROCF) using an item response theory (IRT) framework and to establish
normative data for Waranka children and adolescents based on their ability scores. Methods:
A total of 436 healthy people aged between 6 and 17 participated in this study. The factor
structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the difficulty and
discrimination parameters using IRT through the two-parameter logistic model for the
SVTT and PPTV-III, while for the ROCF, the graded response model was used. The ordinal
alpha and McDonald’s omega were used for reliability. Results: For most items, a low
ability was enough to achieve the highest scores for the ROCF and SVTT. For the PPVTIII, the items aligned sequentially based on the difficulty, and a low level of ability was
enough to achieve the highest score for the first 40 items. The ROCF, SVTT, and PPVTIII demonstrated adequate reliability. The ROCF copy and immediate recall scores were
influenced by the mean parents’ years of education (MPE) and quadratic age interaction.
The SVTT performance was affected by the quadratic age and sex interaction, and the
PPVT-III by the interaction effect of the MPE and quadratic age. Conclusions: This is
the first study to analyze the psychometric properties of the ROCF, SVTT, and PPVT-III
through IRT models that are accurate and relevant for the validity of the obtained data
and generate normative data in the under-represented nation of Ecuador for clinical and
research purposes
Diagnóstico prenatal de Cardiopatías Congénitas: de la ecografía fetal a la inteligencia artificial y la genómica
No full textAntecedentes: las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) son las malformaciones congénitas más
frecuentes. Su incidencia es estable, aunque la tasa de detección varía según regiones
estudiadas. La mortalidad que provocan ha disminuido debido a la mejora del
diagnóstico prenatal y del manejo clínico perinatal.
Objetivo: evaluar los avances en el diagnóstico prenatal de las CC en la última década,
sobre todo la ecocardiografía fetal, junto con las pruebas genéticas y el uso emergente
de inteligencia artificial (IA) como herramientas complementarias.
Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science.
Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA y se utilizó Rayyan para asegurar la transparencia y la
calidad de los estudios analizados.
Resultados: la ecografía obstétrica es la técnica con mayor sensibilidad y especificidad
para la detección prenatal de CC. La tasa de detección ha aumentado con los años, pero
sigue habiendo variabilidad significativa entre distintos lugares del mundo. Los estudios
genéticos invasivos tales como la CMA y la WES son el gold-estándar para complementar
el diagnóstico prenatal. La integración de la IA en la ecografía aumenta la precisión,
incrementa la velocidad de procesamiento de imágenes y reduce la variabilidad
interobservador.
Conclusiones: la evolución de la ecocardiografía ha permitido aumentar las tasas de
diagnóstico prenatal de CC y mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. La
implementación con el análisis genético y la utilización de la IA abren un camino hacia
una medicina personalizada, logrando tasas de diagnóstico óptimas y menores
variaciones en la detección de CC entre diferentes regiones del mundo.Background: congenital heart disease (CHD) are the most common congenital
malformations. Its incidence is stable, although the detection rate varies according to
the regions studied. The mortality they cause has decreased due to improved prenatal
diagnosis and clinical perinatal management.
Objective: to evaluate the progress in the prenatal diagnosis of CHD in the last decade,
especially the fetal echocardiography, along with genetic tests and the emerging use of
artificial intelligence (AI) as complementary tools.
Methodology: a systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Web of
Science. The PRISMA methodology was applied and Rayyan was used to ensure the
transparency and quality of the studies analyzed.
Results: obstetric ultrasound is the technique with the greatest sensitivity and specificity
for the prenatal detection of CHD. The detection rate has increased over the years, but
there is still significant variability between different parts of the world. Invasive genetic
studies such as CMA and WES are the gold-standard to complement prenatal diagnosis.
The integration of AI in the ultrasound increases accuracy, increases the speed of image
processing and reduces interobserver variability.
Conclusions: the evolution of echocardiography has increased the rates of prenatal
diagnosis of CHD and improved the prognosis of these patients. The implementation
with genetic analysis and the use of AI open a path to personalized medicine, achieving
optimal diagnostic rates and lower variations in the detection of CHD between different
regions of the world.Graduado o Graduada en Medicina por la Universidad Pública de NavarraMedikuntzan graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
CITA GO-ON study: a community based multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline: protocol design and recruitment process
No full textIntroduction: Growing research suggests that dementia is a complex disorder
with multiple risk factors and causes. The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study
to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) demonstrated that
lifestyle interventions could confer cognitive benefits. Inspired by this, the
GOIZ-ZAINDU (GZ) feasibility study adapted the FINGER approach to the
Basque context. Building upon the GZ study, the CITA GO-ON trial aims to
enhance and expand the evidence supporting dementia prevention through
a multidomain intervention of risk factor management and resilience
promotion.
Methods: It is a two-year, population-based, randomized controlled trial to
prevent cognitive decline in adults aged 60–85 years with Cardiovascular Risk
Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) risk score ≥6, no dementia, and belowthan-
expected performance on at least one of three cognitive screening tests.
Participants are randomized (1:1) to receive either Regular Health Advice (RHA)
or a Multidomain Intervention (MD-Int) that encompasses cognitive training, socio-emotional skills, multicomponent physical exercise, nutritional and culinary intervention, and monitoring for cardiovascular risks, pharmacological drug mismanagement, and comorbidities. The primary outcome is the efficacy of the intervention to reduce the risk of cognitive decline measured by the global composite z-score of the modified Neuropsychological Test Battery over two years. The secondary outcomes measure cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and functional abilities. Blood samples and brain imaging will also be collected to evaluate the effects of the intervention on brain structure and plasma biomarkers.
Results: Recruitment has been completed with 1051 participants selected (mean age (standard deviation, SD) of 69.65 (6.36), 58,50 % female, and mean CAIDE (SD) of 7.62 (1.427). The final participant is expected to complete the last study visit by the autumn of 2026.
Discussion: The CITA GO-ON Study, as a part of the World-Wide FINGERS network, is designed to validate the efficacy of a multidomain lifestyle intervention for dementia prevention and contribute valuable data to inform public health strategies fostering healthy, active aging.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. The main promotor of this project is CITA-alzhéimer Foundation. This work was partially funded by grant PLEC2021-008171 funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PTR and supported by the Department of Health of the Basque Gobernment and Fundación hna (fundacionhna.es). It was also partially supported by a grant from the Basque Government (ref. IT1493-22), and by the Etorkizuna Eraikiz Initiative, promoted by the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council (grant number DGE20/02). This research is part of the Worldwide FINGERS Network, and we acknowledge the WW-FINGERS Network and its Global Scientific Coordinating Center for their contribution. The CITA GO-ON study is also part of the EU-FINGERS consortium, a Project funded by the Joint Program of Neurodegenerative Disorders project (EU-FINGERS: multimodal precision prevention toolbox for dementia in Alzheimer¿s disease) through the following funding organizations under the aegis of JPND
Compression and torsion testing for elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio characterization in silicone rubber samples with varying shape factors
No full textElastomeric materials, such as silicone rubber, are widely used in engineering applications due to their high deformability and viscoelastic properties. Under quasistatic regime and small deformations their behavior can be considered purely elastic and can be characterized by the elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, which are interrelated in isotropic materials. Although standard methodologies exist for determining these properties, experimental measurements are known to be affected by the geometry of the tested samples. The influence of sample geometry on compressive modulus measurements is well understood, however, its effect on shear modulus measurements is less explored. This study investigates how the dimensions of cylindrical samples influence the experimental determination of both the compressive and shear moduli and, consequently, Poisson's ratio. Compression and torsion tests are performed on silicone rubber samples of varying diameters and lengths using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and a rheometer respectively. The results confirm that both the compressive and shear moduli are affected by sample geometry, leading to unrealistic values of Poisson's ratio. To account for these effects, a correction model is proposed for shear modulus measurements, complementing existing corrections for compressive tests. The model successfully describes experimental trends and provides a more reliable estimation of Poisson's ratio, aligning with theoretical expectations for nearly incompressible elastomers. These findings emphasize the importance of considering geometric effects in compressive and torsion tests and provide a framework for improving the accuracy of mechanical characterization in elastomeric materials.This research has been supported by the University of Deusto Research Training Grants Program (grant reference number FPI UD_2023_07) and the Department of Education for the Research Group program IT1507-22
Problemática en el contrato de arrendamiento de local de negocios
No full textEste Trabajo Fin de Grado estudia los problemas que surgen en los contratos de
arrendamiento de locales de negocio en España, destacando las principales deficiencias
en la normativa y los conflictos que surgen en su aplicación práctica. Desde una
perspectiva jurídica económica, se analiza la regulación vigente en la LAU y en el CC,
identificando las lagunas normativas que son causa de situaciones de controversia,
como la duración del contrato, los aumentos de la renta, la resolución anticipada, la
cesión o traspaso del local de negocio, y la morosidad. También se tratan temas de gran
interés relacionados con el uso del local, como pueden ser las reparaciones, las licencias
de apertura y de actividad, y la gestión de las terrazas en el sector de la hostelería. El
trabajo incluye un análisis de la doctrina y jurisprudencia más relevante, subrayando la
necesidad de actualizar la normativa incluyendo mecanismos de protección contra
cláusulas abusivas, promover la mediación y el arbitraje, y adaptando la regulación a los
nuevos modelos de negocio o a situaciones de crisis. Por último, se proponen diversas
mejoras para equilibrar la relación contractual, fortalecer la seguridad jurídica у
conseguir una mayor funcionalidad de esta figura en el contexto empresarial actual.This Final Degree Project studies the problems that arise in business premises lease
contracts in Spain, highlighting the main shortcomings in the regulations and the
conflicts that arise in their practical application. From an economic legal perspective,
the current regulations in the LAU and the CC are analysed, identifying the regulatory
gaps that cause situations of controversy, such as the duration of the contract, rent
increases, early termination, assignment or transfer of the business premises, and late
payment. It also deals with issues of great interest related to the use of the premises,
such as repairs, opening and activity licences, and the management of terraces in the
hotel and catering sector. The work includes an analysis of the most relevant doctrine
and jurisprudence, highlighting the need to update the regulations, including protection
mechanisms against abusive clauses, promoting mediation and arbitration, and adapting
the regulation to new business models or crisis situations. Finally, various
improvements are proposed to balance the contractual relationship, strengthen legal
certainty and achieve greater functionality of this figure in the current business context.Graduado o Graduada en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Pública de NavarraEnpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Valoración de empresas no cotizadas: Diario de Navarra
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado se basa en desarrollar la valoración de la empresa no cotizada Diario de Navarra SAU, ubicada en Pamplona con código CNAE 5813. Diario de Navarra es una empresa que pertenece al sector de la edición de periódicos específicamente en papel. Para comenzar el análisis, se desarrolla una descripción de la empresa con una contextualización económica y financiera propia y en comparativa con el sector operativo. Posteriormente, a través del método de descuento
de los flujos de caja se comienza la valoración de la empresa. El primer paso es una proyección de los flujos de caja a un horizonte temporal ilimitado, pero solo se muestran los 5 primeros años a través los datos de la platafonna SABI. Con la intención de obtener el valor del resto de flujos se calcula el valor residual en base a la tasa de actualización, con estos valores se obtiene un valor de empresa de 53 millones de euros.
Para finalizar se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad que aporta el valor de empresa cambiando alguno de los supuestos base, en este este caso se basa en potenciar el sector proporcionando facilidades para su desarrollo y evolución.The aim of this final degree work is to carry out the value of the company Diario de Navarra SAU, which is located in Pamplona and classified under CNAE 5813. The main activity of the company is the traditional printed newspaper publishing sector.
Firstly, the analysis begins with a description of the company and an overview of the economical and financia! position compared with the sector. Then the evaluation is followed with the application of the Discounted Cash Flow method to a five year forecast. To obtain the actual value of the projection of the clash flow is needed the discount rate and the residual value of the company, which gives us a company value of 53 million. To conclude, a sensitivity analysis is done to assess how changes in key
assumptions, such as measures that support sector growth, can impact the valuation outcome.Graduado o Graduada en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Pública de NavarraEnpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Análisis del impacto de la educación grupal en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
No full textIntroducción: La prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ha incrementado en los últimos años, estimándose que esta tendencia continuará en ascenso. En este contexto, la educación para la salud es clave para prevenir y empoderar a las personas con diabetes. Entre las estrategias disponibles, la educación grupal continúa siendo una metodología infrautilizada y escasamente estandarizada.
Objetivos: Explorar la efectividad de los programas de educación grupal, dirigidos por enfermeras, en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión narrativa con metodología sistemática sobre el análisis de la efectividad de la educación grupal en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Artículos recogidos de las bases de datos Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane, hasta 2024 inclusive.
Resultados: Se han seleccionado 17 artículos en los que se evidencia la efectividad de la modalidad grupal, tanto en parámetros cuantitativos, mejora el HbA1c, como en parámetros cualitativos, aumentando la autogestión. También se ha observado la falta de adecuación de esta herramienta para ciertos usuarios y la necesidad de una formación específica para los profesionales educadores.
Conclusión: La educación grupal es una herramienta eficaz que mejora tanto aspectos clínicos como sociales de los participantes. Se requiere más investigación acerca del uso de esta modalidad en combinación a otras herramientas, así como la necesidad de estandarización, manteniendo un enfoque flexible que se adecue a las necesidades y características de los usuarios.Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 has increased in recent years, is expected this trend to continue rising. In this context, the health education is essential to prevention and empowerment of people with diabetes. Among the avalaible strategies, group education remains an underused and insufficiently standardized approach.
Objective: To explore the effectiveness of nurse-led group education programs in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A narrative review employing a systematic methodology was carried out to assess the effectiveness of group education in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected by searching in Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases, using articles up to the year 2024.
Results: 17 articles were selected, demonstrating the effectiveness of the group approach both in quantitative parameters, such as improved HbA1c, and in qualitative parameters, such as achieving greater self-management capacity. Furthermore, the lack of suitability of this tool for certain user profiles and the need for more specific training for the professionals who teach these sessions were observed.
Conclusion: Group education is an effective tool that can improve a wide variety of areas of participants' lives, both clinical and social. More research is needed on the use of this modality in combination with other tools. It also highlights the need to standardize this type of education, maintaining a flexible approach that adapts to the needs and characteristics of the users.Graduado o Graduada en Enfermería por la Universidad Pública de NavarraErizaintzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Formación y evaluación de carteras de inversión mediante el método de cinco factores de Fama-French
No full textEl presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) tiene como objetivo analizar la rentabilidad
de distintas carteras de inversión construidas mediante la estrategia long-short,
exponiéndolas a los factores del modelo de valoración de activos de cinco factores de
Fama y French (2015). Para ello, se selecciona un universo compuesto por las diez
empresas europeas con mayor capitalización bursátil del sector tecnológico, pem1itiendo
así un enfoque sectorial especializado con elevada liquidez y volatilidad. Las carteras se
diseñan semestralmente entre el 1 de julio de 2019 y el 31 de octubre de 2024, periodo en el que se analizan sus resultados mediante regresiones múltiples. Cada cartera está construida con el fin de maximizar la exposición a uno de los cuatro factores (SMB, HML, RMW y CMA), utilizando para ello estimaciones obtenidas a partir de las betas de los activos respecto a los factores, con el fin de evaluar si estas estrategias pueden generar rendimientos superiores al promedio del mercado o generar rendimientos positivos en momentos bajistas del mercado.This Final Degree Project aims to analyze the perfom1ance of different investment
portfolios constructed using the long-short strategy, exposing them to the factors of the
Fama and French (2015) five-factor asset pricing model. To achieve this, a universe
composed of the ten largest European technology companies by market capitalization is selected, allowing for a specialized sectoral approach with high liquidity and volatility.
The portfolios are designed semiannually between July 1, 2019, and October 31, 2024,
and their performance is analyzed through multiple regressions. Each portfolio is
constructed to maximize exposure to one of the four factors (SMB, HML, RMW and
CMA), using estimates derived from the assets' betas with respect to these factors, in
order to assess whether these strategies can generate retums above the market average or produce positive returns during market downtums.Graduado o Graduada en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Pública de NavarraEnpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa