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Proceedings of the 2023 CERN Latin-American School for High-Energy Physics
No full textThe 2023 CERN Latin-American School of High-Energy Physics (CLASHEP) took place in Chile. The CLASHEP School is intended to give young physicists from Latin-America and other regions an introduction to recent theoretical and experimental advances in elementary particle physics. These proceedings contain lecture notes on field theory and the electro-weak Standard Model, on statistics and machine learning and on collider experiments
Search for the decay of the Higgs boson to a Z boson and a long-lived axion-like particle decaying to two photons with the ATLAS Detector
No full textThe Standard Model of particle physics is one of the most successful theories, capable of describing a wide range of observed physical processes. However, some phenomena cannot be explained within the Standard Model, necessitating a theoretical extension. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN aids in this effort through precision tests and searches for Beyond Standard Model particles using dedicated analyses. Several well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model include Axion-Like Particles (ALPs), which can couple to photons. This thesis presents two searches for ALPs. The first search, described in the thesis, uses ATLAS Run 2 proton-proton (pp) data to constrain the exotic decay of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and an ALP, leading to a final state of two leptons and two photons. This measurement focuses on long-lived ALPs, which do not decay promptly, extending the excluded photon-ALP coupling phase space and providing limits for a range of couplings not previously covered by ATLAS. The second search, described in the thesis, utilizes ATLAS Run 3 lead-lead (PbPb) data to probe the resonant production of an ALP in photon-photon scattering within the ATLAS detector. This is the first ALP measurement in ATLAS at a collision energy of TeV
Statistics and machine learning for high-energy physics
No full textThese lectures introduce some of the main ideas of frequentist and Bayesian statistics as well as supervised machine learning with a focus on the probabilistic interpretation of the latter. The ideas are illustrated using simple examples from particle physics
EOS 2025 Workshop
No full textData federations with EOS offers various approaches to seamlessly integrate and manage distributed storage across heterogeneous environments. This presentation explores multiple federation techniques and namespace aggregation with remote EOS instances. We will discuss the advantages and trade-offs of each method, considering factors such as performance, scalability, security, and ease of management. Real-world use cases and best practices will be highlighted to help organisations choose the most suitable strategy for their needs
Recent results from NA61/SHINE strong interaction program
No full textNA61/SHINE is a multipurpose fixed-target experiment located at the CERN SPS. One of its main goals is to study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. For this purpose, a unique two-dimensional scan in beam momentum 13–150(8) GeV/ and the system size, including +, +Pb, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, and Pb+Pb collisions, was performed. The main goal of the strong interaction program is to understand the onset of deconfinement and locate the critical point of strongly interacting matter.The paper reviews results from NA61/SHINE strong interaction program, focusing on hadron spectra and fluctuations in various collisions. The new results on strangeness production, particularly the ratio of positively charged kaons to pions, are also presented, including the first results for Xe+La collisions. It also reviews the recent NA61/SHINE results on proton and negatively charged hadron intermittency to search for the QCD critical point. The direct measurement of the open charm performed by NA61/SHINE is also presented. The NA61/SHINE data are compared with other experimental results and predictions from theoretical models and confronted with Power-law model predictions
EOS 2025 Workshop
No full textEvery operation that modifies/queries the metadata from the persistent metadata storage QuarkDB goes via QClient. We look at some current bottlenecks and improvements that v5.3 offers with various configurations
Inverted CERN School of Computing 2025
No full text# Proposal: Reinforcement Learning for Particle Accelerator control: A real-world example
## Hour 1: Introduction to Reinforcement Learning for Particle Accelerators
- **Basic Concepts**:
- Overview of Reinforcement Learning (RL) fundamentals.
- Definitions and distinctions:
- Model-free vs. model-based.
- Off-policy vs. on-policy approaches.
- **Applications and Considerations**:
- Discussion of problem types and environmental variables affecting model selection in practical scenarios.
- Analysis of drawbacks and benefits of different RL architectures.
- **Practical examples**:
- Real-world examples of RL in particle accelerators (e.g., CERN).
- Case study introduction: Optimization of RF triple splittings in the Proton Synchrotron (PS).
## Hour 2: Optimizing RF Triple Splittings with Reinforcement Learning
- **Problem Definition**:
- Explanation of PS RF operations and the triple splitting optimization challenge for LHC-type beams.
- Overview of the physics and parameters involved in optimization.
- **Optimization Approach**:
- Justification for choosing RL and specific RL architectures.
- Step-by-step walkthrough:
- Initial simulations and trials.
- Challenges and lessons learned.
- Final operational solution deployed in the control room.
## Exercise Session: Training RL Agents for RF Optimization (1 hour)
- **Objective**:
- Train RL agents to optimize RF double splitting settings in simulation for improved beam quality.
- **Implementation**:
- Use SWAN notebooks with provided skeleton code.
- Define a custom gymnasium environment for the double splitting problem, given:
- Pre-implemented simulation data loaders.
- Basic loss function for optimization
Updated projections for Higgs boson measurements using , and decays and for the combined measurement of Higgs boson couplings with the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC
No full textUpdated estimates are presented of the expected precision for the Higgs boson measurements in the , and final states with the ATLAS detector at the High Luminosity LHC. The measurements performed in the same final states using the full ATLAS Run 2 data are projected to integrated luminosities ranging from 1000 fb to 3000 fb, at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. They are obtained in baseline, optimistic and conservative scenarios of systematic uncertainties. In addition, the latest ATLAS extrapolations of single Higgs-boson measurements in the baseline uncertainty scenario with 3000 fb are used in a joint interpretation to derive the expected uncertainties in the scale factors of various Higgs boson coupling strengths
HALHF: a hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory using plasma- and RF-based acceleration
No full textHALHF is a hybrid linear collider that uses electron-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy while using radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate positrons. The most cost-effective solution collides low-energy positrons with high-energy electrons, producing a boost to the final state in the electron direction with . The current HALHF baseline design produces a luminosity comparable to that of the baseline ILC but with a greatly reduced construction and carbon footprint and hence much lower cost than the mature linear-collider designs ILC and CLIC. Costs for HALHF are evaluated, together with that for the approximate 15-year R&D programme necessary to realise HALHF. Time scales and cost for the R&D are estimated. Upgrade paths for HALHF technology from a 250~GeV Higgs factory, through 380 and 550~GeV, up to 10~TeV are sketched