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Umsetzungsbericht zum Energie- und Klimaprogramm 2021 sowie Fortschrittsbericht über die Entwicklung der Treibhausgasemissionen im Freistaat Sachsen 2024
No full textSeit dem 4. Juni 2024 liegt der Umsetzungsbericht des EKP-Maßnahmenplans vor. Dieser enthält neben dem Fortschrittsbericht zur Entwicklung der Treibhausgase im Freistaat Sachsen eine Auswertung zum Stand der Umsetzung des EKP-Maßnahmenplans. Von den insgesamt 192 Maßnahmen befinden sich 158 und damit 82,3 Prozent der Maßnahmen bereits in Umsetzung oder wurden schon erfolgreich beendet. Neben Angaben zum Umsetzungsstand und der Vorstellung einiger Erfolgsgeschichten wurden auch Erfordernisse identifiziert, die für eine Weiterentwicklung bzw. für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Maßnahmen in der Zukunft notwendig sind.
Redaktionsschluss: 05.07.202
Mit Kollaboration zum Standard: Empirisch basierte Bestimmung von Lehrkräfte-Expertise im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ)
No full textDer Beitrag befasst sich mit dem kollaborativen und zugleich empirisch basierten Prozess des Standardsettings in einem interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekt, welches Lehrkräfte-Expertise im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) mithilfe von Aufgaben zu kurzen Unterrichtsvideos erfasst hat. Ausgehend von Annahmen aus der Expertiseforschung steht dabei die Frage im Fokus, wie sich anhand der Testergebnisse von N = 295 angehenden und praktizierenden Lehrkräften sowie unter der aktiven Beteiligung von einschlägigen Fachexpert*innen mithilfe der Bookmark-Methode theorie- und datenbasiert Schwellen von Kompetenz ermitteln lassen. Eine inhaltliche Beschreibung der im Beitrag hergeleiteten Kompetenzniveaus entlang eines Beispiel-Testitems schließt die Darstellung des Prozesses ab. Interpretiert werden die in der Stichprobe erreichten Kompetenzniveaus mit Bezug auf die Lehrer*innenbildung im Bereich DaZ.The article deals with the collaborative and at the same time empirically based standard setting procedure in an interdisciplinary research project. The project assessed teacher expertise in the field of German as a Second Language (GSL) using tasks on short instructional videos. Based on assumptions from expertise research, we determine thresholds of competence in a theory- and data-based manner using the bookmark method. The procedure uses N = 295 prospective and practising teachers’ test results while also depending on the active participation of relevant experts. We conclude the procedure by describing the competence levels derived in the article along an example test item. Finally, we interpret the competence levels achieved in the sample with reference to teacher training in the field of GSL
Invasive Insekten - Asiatische Hornisse
No full textIn Deutschland kommt seit 2014 eine Hornissenart vor, die aus Südostasien stammt: die Asiatische Hornisse. Die Asiatische Hornisse breitet sich in einigen Bundesländern bereits stark aus. Auch in Sachsen ist damit zu rechnen, dass die Art in nächster Zeit anzutreffen ist. Genau wie die Europäische Hornisse benötigt die Asiatische Hornisse für ihre Larven proteinreiche Nahrung (zum Beispiel Bienen, Schwebfliegen oder Stubenfliegen). Das Beutespektrum hängt dabei von der Nestumgebung ab. So können in städtischen Bereichen, wo sich die Asiatische Hornisse bevorzugt ansiedelt, Honigbienen bis zu zwei Drittel der Nahrung ausmachen. Das kann zu erheblichen Schäden führen. Daher ist die Asiatische Hornisse vor allem ein Imkereischädling.
Redaktionsschluss: 30.11.202
The RGATE: An 8-in-1 Polymorphic Logic Gate Built From Reconfigurable Field Effect Transistors
No full textWe present the hardware implementation of a reconfigurable universal logic gate, that we call RGATE, able to deliver up to eight different logic functionalities and based on a symmetric four-transistors cell. The polymorphic logic gate is realized with three-gated Reconfigurable Field Effect Transistors. Fabrication and electrical characteristics of the elements are discussed. To validate the presented concept, we show an experimental demonstration of NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR Boolean functions as well as multiplexing capabilities measured by dynamically reconfiguring the same RGATE
Interrelated dataset of rebound numbers, ultrasonic pulse velocities and compressive strengths of drilled concrete cores from an existing structure and new fabricated concrete cubes
No full textTwo test series were examined using nondestructive measuring methods by six independent laboratories before determining their compressive strength. The nondestructive test methods used were the rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement. Two types of geometries were investigated: drilled cores and cubes. The measurement procedure for each of these datasets is conditioned to the geometry and is therefore different. The first series consists of 20 drilled cores (approximately diameter/height = 10 cm/20 cm) from the 55-year-old Lahntal Viaduct near Limburg, Germany. After preparation in the first laboratory, the lateral surface of the drilled cores was tested with the rebound hammer using a given pattern. Every laboratory tested every drilled core at different locations. Ultrasonic measurements in transmission were performed repeatedly at predefined points on the flat surfaces of the specimen. The second series consisted of 25 newly manufactured concrete cubes of a mix with a target concrete strength class of C30/37. The edge length was 15 cm. Each laboratory received five specimens of this test series. Thus, contrary to the first series, each specimen was tested by only one laboratory. Two side faces of each cube were tested with the rebound hammer. In addition, ultrasonic measurements were performed by one laboratory. The time of flight was measured between the tested side faces of the rebound hammer at different positions. For both series, rebound hammers were used to determine the R-value as well as the Q-value. The rebound hammer models within the laboratories were always the same, while they differed between the laboratories. The ultrasonic measurements took place with different measurement systems and couplants. Finally, both specimen series were tested destructively for compressive strength. The dataset contains the raw data summarized in tabular form. In addition, relevant calculated data are included in some cases. For the ultrasonic measurements, the time of flight has already been converted into the ultrasonic velocity. Besides, in addition to the raw data of the compressive strength test (force, weight, and geometry values), the calculated compressive strengths and densities are also provided
3D Bioprinting in Microgravity: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possible Applications in Space
No full text3D bioprinting has developed tremendously in the last couple of years and enables the fabrication of simple, as well as complex, tissue models. The international space agencies have recognized the unique opportunities of these technologies for manufacturing cell and tissue models for basic research in space, in particular for investigating the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on different types of human tissues. In addition, bioprinting is capable of producing clinically applicable tissue grafts, and its implementation in space therefore can support the autonomous medical treatment options for astronauts in future long term and far-distant space missions. The article discusses opportunities but also challenges of operating different types of bioprinters under space conditions, mainly in microgravity. While some process steps, most of which involving the handling of liquids, are challenging under microgravity, this environment can help overcome problems such as cell sedimentation in low viscous bioinks. Hopefully, this publication will motivate more researchers to engage in the topic, with publicly available bioprinting opportunities becoming available at the International Space Station (ISS) in the imminent future
The Intersection of Machine Learning and Multilevel Analysis to Connect Subjective and Objective Levels in Health Research
No full textSandra Jaworeck's dissertation, submitted to the Faculty of Sociology at Chemnitz University of Technology, examines the connection between machine learning and multilevel analysis to integrate both subjective and objective criteria in health research. At the core of her work is the development of a novel index to measure access to healthcare systems, which considers both subjective and objective criteria. Traditionally, primarily objective criteria such as the number of hospital beds and a country’s healthcare expenditures are used to represent the value of a healthcare system. While these objective measurements provide valuable insights, they often overlook the subjective experiences and perceptions that significantly influence individuals' well-being and health. Jaworeck argues that both subjective and objective measurements have their advantages and disadvantages and that their combination can lead to deeper insights in health research. Using machine learning methods, she develops, for the first time, an index that captures the subjective perception of access to healthcare systems across various countries by integrating both subjective and objective indicators. This advanced approach opens new avenues for better understanding and analyzing the often invisible differences between healthcare systems in different countries. Ultimately, Jaworeck’s work may contribute to explaining the perception of equity in access to healthcare services. Her dissertation fills a significant gap in international health research by developing, validating, and comparing a missing index with existing health indices to highlight its relevance and explanatory power. In summary, Jaworeck's work underscores the importance of integrating subjective perspectives into health research and demonstrates innovative methods for utilizing these perspectives alongside objective criteria to evaluate healthcare systems more comprehensively.Die Dissertation von Sandra Jaworeck, eingereicht an der Fakultät für Soziologie der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, untersucht die Verbindung zwischen maschinellem Lernen und Mehrebenenanalyse, um sowohl subjektive als auch objektive Kriterien in der Gesundheitsforschung zu integrieren. Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Arbeit steht die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Indexes zur Messung des Zugangs zu Gesundheitssystemen, der sowohl subjektive als auch objektive Kriterien berücksichtigt. Traditionell werden hauptsächlich objektive Kriterien wie die Anzahl der Krankenhausbetten und die Gesundheitsausgaben eines Landes genutzt um den Wert eines Gesundheitssystems darzustellen. Diese objektiven Messungen bieten zwar wertvolle Einblicke, übersehen jedoch oft die subjektiven Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmungen, die das Wohlbefinden und damit auch die Gesundheit von Menschen erheblich beeinflussen können. Jaworeck argumentiert, dass sowohl subjektive als auch objektive Messungen ihre Vor- und Nachteile haben, und dass ihre Kombination zu tiefergehenden Erkenntnissen in der Gesundheitsforschung führen kann. Durch den Einsatz von maschinellen Lernverfahren entwickelt sie erstmals einen Index, der durch den Einbezug von subjektiven und objektiven Indikatoren am Ende die subjektive Wahrnehmung des Zugangs zu Gesundheitssystemen in verschiedenen Ländern erfasst. Dieser fortschrittliche Ansatz eröffnet neue Wege, um die oft unsichtbaren Unterschiede zwischen den Gesundheitssystemen verschiedener Länder besser zu verstehen und gezielt zu analysieren. Letztlich kann Jaworecks Arbeit dazu beitragen, die Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmung im Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen zu erklären. Ihre Dissertation schließt eine wichtige Lücke in der internationalen Gesundheitsforschung, indem sie einen fehlenden Index entwickelt, validiert und mit bestehenden Gesundheitsindizes vergleicht, um dessen Relevanz und Aussagekraft zu unterstreichen. Zusammenfassend trägt Jaworecks Arbeit dazu bei, die Bedeutung der Integration subjektiver Perspektiven in die Gesundheitsforschung hervorzuheben und zeigt innovative Methoden auf, wie diese zusammen mit objektiven Kriterien genutzt werden können, um Gesundheitssysteme umfassender zu bewerten
Sky and Water in medical imaging environments: Influences of exposure to natural blue elements on psychophysiological status of patients
No full textThere is substantial evidence regarding the positive influences of natural elements on patients' health outcomes. However, the research has tended to focus on green elements rather than blue elements. While sky and water are significant elements in what humans perceive as 'nature' and both offer considerable value in terms of restorative effects in various built environments, research on their role in healthcare facilities has been limited. Therefore, this PhD thesis aims to address this knowledge gap by introducing new research directions that focus on the influences of exposure to natural blue elements in healthcare settings.
This research study draws inspiration from Iranian traditional architecture, which has a rich history of incorporating natural elements, particularly sky and water, into built environments. This was followed by investigating current healthcare settings to identify feasible forms of exposure to blue elements in such environments. Due to various reasons, medical imaging environments were chosen as the study setting. These settings are typically windowless and lack exposure to natural elements.
However, despite limited evidence, alternative methods of exposure to natural elements, particularly blue elements, have been adopted in these environments. Therefore, this study investigated the influences of exposure to blue elements on patients in medical imaging environments and explored how the built environment can enhance the positive effects of such exposure in these settings.
A mixed methods research approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data, was employed across two phases to address the main questions of this thesis. The initial phase, crucial for informing the subsequent phase, focused on gathering insights from architects regarding the implementation of blue elements and their potential influences on patients. The insights gained in this phase were then utilized to design the second phase – a patients' experiment conducted through virtual reality from November 2022 to March 2023 at Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Germany. The
results show that certain design strategies including all aspects of blue elements, such as water sound, water motion, water reflection, the light in the sky, clouds and the presence of birds in flight, have the potential to evoke specific positive subjective and physiological responses in medical imaging settings.
Furthermore, the results indicate that the motion of blue elements can attract the attention of patients more strongly and emerged as a significant factor in triggering positive reactions. This underscores the crucial significance of incorporating blue elements in motion into design strategies for medical imaging environments. Additionally, by considering individual preferences regarding the amount and placement of blue elements, built environments can enhance the positive influences of blue elements on patients in medical imaging environments.
Based on these results, evidence-based guidelines were established for integrating natural blue elements in healthcare settings, with a specific focus on PET/CT scan rooms of medical imaging environments. These guidelines target architects, medical professionals, and other stakeholders engaged in the planning process, facilitating collaboration and communication among them. In general, this PhD thesis provides insights into the studied phenomenon and offers new results, contributing to filling the knowledge gap in this field of research
