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Rétrospective réflexive sur l’organisation du travail en interdisciplinarité : un projet relatif au nexus moustique-plastique-eau
No full textInternational audienceOur research project investigates the impact of microplastics on Culex mosquitoes, which are vectors of pathogens. We initially focused on ecology, chemistry, and physics, but then broadened our scope to include the social sciences and humanities. This shift aimed to explore how researchers and stakeholders with various levels of involvement in this project conceived the mosquito-plastic-water nexus. Using semi-structured interviews combined with drawing as a research tool, the study revealed fragmented perspectives of the project, influenced by multiple factors. Some participants felt legitimate only within their specific area of expertise, hesitating to depict aspects beyond their direct involvement. Additionally, limited communication at the project’s outset contributed to a partial view of the latter and a limited understanding of its different parts, steps, and methods. These findings highlight the crucial role of internal communication in fostering a shared understanding among the research team. They also underscore the value of interdisciplinary dialogue, enabling better integration between natural and social sciences to address complex environmental challenges. Finally, they open up the way for interdisciplinary approaches to move towards transdisciplinary approaches.Notre projet de recherche porte sur l’impact des microplastiques sur les moustiques du genre Culex, vecteurs de pathogènes. Nous l’avons d’abord centré sur l’écologie, la chimie et la physique, puis élargi aux sciences humaines et sociales pour mettre en question les représentations que les scientifiques et autres acteurs y étant impliqués avaient du nexus moustique-plastique-eau. Des entretiens semi-directifs, intégrant le dessin comme médium, ont révélé parmi l’équipe des visions fragmentées du projet, influencées notamment par un déficit de communication à son lancement, donnant lieu chez ses membres à un sentiment de légitimité limité à leurs propres domaines d’implication. Cette expérience met ainsi en évidence l’importance d’une communication interne renforcée, tout en ouvrant des réflexions sur l’ouverture des approches interdisciplinaires vers la transdisciplinarité
The CMS Barrel Timing Layer: test beam confirmation of module timing performance
No full textInternational audienceFirst of its kind, the barrel section of the MIP Timing Detector is a large area timing detector based on LYSO:Ce crystals and SiPMs which are required to operate in an unprecedentedly harsh radiation environment (up to an integrated fluence of 1 MeV ). It is designed as a key element of the upgrade of the existing CMS detector to provide a time resolution for minimum ionizing particles in the range between 30-60 ps throughout the entire operation at the High Luminosity LHC. A thorough optimization of its components has led to the final detector module layout which exploits 25 cell size SiPMs and 3.75 mm thick crystals. This design achieved the target performance in a series of test beam campaigns. In this paper we present test beam results which demonstrate the desired performance of detector modules in terms of radiation tolerance, time resolution and response uniformity
Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
No full textInternational audienceMagnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems, can help to understand observables that otherwise show a puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than Λ_QCD, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. In this work we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments on the description of QED and QCD systems where magnetic field driven effects are important. These include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work represents a state-of-the-art review of the field, motivated by presentations and discussions during the "Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields" that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25-29, 2023
Pour un Orientalisme décentré : le Japon dans l’œuvre romanesque de Kikou Yamata
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Dire ou ne pas dire son nom en ligne : l'anonymat des journalistes à l'ère numérique
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No full textInternational audienceThe current discourse on interconnectors primarily centers on the technical and economic aspects necessary for delivering a stable grid infrastructure powered by renewable sources and for integrating energy markets. This article, therefore, explores opportunities to broaden definitions of energy grid interconnectivity beyond the techno-economic sphere. It considers multidisciplinary perspectives and presents novel exploratory viewpoints from the social sciences and humanities. It examines ideas of interconnection by drawing on the Celtic Interconnector, an Irish-French initiative, to explore the cultural, historical, political, and geographical dimensions of interconnectivity. Insights are derived from two workshops with academics in Ireland and France, encouraging a more contextual understanding of energy interconnections beyond their physical and economic dimensions. The article builds on these insights to set out an agenda for future research and reflect on frames of reference for describing, analysing, and engaging with emerging interconnector processes and the multiple stakeholders involved
Approaching zero power: the role of the spontaneous fission in CROCUS
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper we investigate the impact of spontaneous fission when approaching zero power in uraniumfueled reactors, taking the CROCUS reactor as a case study. In the regime of very low power (i.e., in the milliwatt range), the contribution of neutrons produced by spontaneous fission from 238 U becomes nonnegligible, and must be included in the neutron balance. Through a series of dedicated experiments, we assess the influence of spontaneous fission on the CROCUS stability conditions, focusing in particular on the water level required to have a stationary neutron flux. Below a certain power threshold, the fission chains become sensitive to the extra neutrons added by spontaneous fission, and a steady state can be only sustained by inserting a negative reactivity. Furthermore, we characterize the effect of spontaneous fission on the axial neutron flux shape, by comparing the profiles obtained at sub-milliwatt and higher-power regimes, combining theoretical predictions with experimental data from a three-dimensional detection array
Rapid viral detection in milk using near infrared spectroscopy combined with Swiss knife partial least squares (SKPLS) 3-way multiblock
No full textInternational audienceHuman norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses, necessitating rapid, reliable, and cost-effective quantification methods. Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) offers real-time analysis with minimal sample preparation. Two independent experiments, conducted 8 months apart in quadruplicate, produced 360 semi-skimmed milk measurement spiked with nine MS2 bacteriophage concentrations, a surrogate of human norovirus. Virus concentrations were modeled by 3-way partial least squares (PLS) regression correlating NIRS spectra with plaque-forming unit (PFU) measurements. A group-aware 5-fold cross-validation was applied to 72 sample groups using spectral pretreatments. The best performance was achieved with the extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) and first derivative, yielding an R2 of 0.77 and 0.80 for validation. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated at 4.9 × 103 PFU/mL, close to literature values for virus quantification in complex matrices. These results highlight the feasibility of NIRS as a rapid, non-destructive, and reagent-free approach for viral quantification in food systems
