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Your home, my home, our home ? The appropriability of shared domestic spaces in the context of intergenerational coresidence
No full textInternational audienceAccess to housing is nowadays an issue for young people. Simultaneously many elderly people are experiencing loneliness. In this context, intergenerational coresidence services and platforms are developed, with the promise of addressing these issues. Their success depends on the desire of both target audiences to engage in co-housing practices with members of a different age-group. This raises the question of the appropriability (or not) of intergenerational shared spaces and the conditions under which their (dis)appropriation can be carried out by young and older individuals. Based on a qualitative study conducted with ten respondents belonging to two contrasting age groups, we highlight the similarities and differences in the meaning given to the concepts of home and intergenerational shared home. We identify the modalities under which shared domestic spaces can become different kinds of home (my place, your place, our place). This research contributes to the growing body of literature on contemporary modifications of the home by shedding light on generational approaches to home appropriation
The CO2 + 2,3,4-trimethylpentane and CO2 + 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane binary systems: high–pressure phase equilibria measurements
No full textInternational audienceTwo binary systems containing CO2 and a branched alkane were newly studied in this work: CO2 + 2,3,4-trimethylpentane and CO2 + 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane. Their fluid phase behavior was investigated using a high pressure variable-volume cell and a synthetic method. Saturation pressures were visually measured from (293.15 et 363.15) K and for 10 different CO2 mole fractions for both mixtures. Whatever the considered system, no liquid-liquid immiscibility was observed in this temperature range, suggesting a continuous vapor-liquid critical curve between the pure components critical points. A total of 160 points were acquired: 149 bubble points and 11 dew points. These new experimental data were satisfactory modeled by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with a temperature-dependent interaction parameter, kij (T), fitted against the data
Shaping Rhythm to Keep Balance: The Structural Implications of Temporal Modulation
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Whistled Gascon Occitan: Linguistic Encoding and Cognitive Insights from a Formant–Based Acoustic Modality
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Comparative assessment of feature extraction for fast neutron spectra prediction with machine learning algorithms using a CVD diamond detector
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ASVspoof 5: Design, collection and validation of resources for spoofing, deepfake, and adversarial attack detection using crowdsourced speech
No full textASVspoof 5 is the fifth edition in a series of challenges which promote the study of speech spoofing and deepfake attacks as well as the design of detection solutions. We introduce the ASVspoof 5 database which is generated in a crowdsourced fashion from data collected in diverse acoustic conditions (cf. studio-quality data for earlier ASVspoof databases) and from ∼2000 speakers (cf. ∼100 earlier). The database contains attacks generated with 32 different algorithms, also crowdsourced, and optimised to varying degrees using new surrogate detection models. Among them are attacks generated with a mix of legacy and contemporary text-tospeech synthesis and voice conversion models, in addition to adversarial attacks which are incorporated for the first time. ASVspoof 5 protocols comprise seven speaker-disjoint partitions. They include two distinct partitions for the training of different sets of attack models, two more for the development and evaluation of surrogate detection models, and then three additional partitions which comprise the ASVspoof 5 training, development and evaluation sets. An auxiliary set of data collected from an additional 30k speakers can also be used to train speaker encoders for the implementation of attack algorithms. Also described herein is an experimental validation of the new ASVspoof 5 database using a set of automatic speaker verification and spoof/deepfake baseline detectors. With the exception of protocols and tools for the generation of spoofed/deepfake speech, the resources described in this paper, already used by participants of the ASVspoof 5 challenge in 2024, are now all freely available to the community
Evaluating risk-based hazard corridors in air traffic controller decisions during space launch failures
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing frequency and diversity of space launch activities challenge the safety and reliability of current air traffic management systems. In this study, we present a risk-based hazard corridor methodology for managing air traffic during space launch failures. Our method combines a debris propagation model with a hazard corridor construction approach that estimates the risk posed by debris to aircraft. We evaluated the constructed risk-based hazard corridors using high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulations. In our experiments, air traffic controllers managed two strategies of hazard corridors. The dynamic hazard corridor updated the boundary in real-time while the static hazard corridor remained fixed by consolidating the dynamic boundaries over the entire activation period until the last piece of debris fell. The results show that controllers maintained safety separation across all scenarios, although their real-time workload increased significantly during hazard corridor activation. Overall, the controllers’ perceived workload and situation awareness remained stable, implying that the task demands were acceptable for all the experimental runs. Efficiency measure results indicate that the dynamic hazard corridor can reduce extra flight distance and delays, thus minimizing operational disruption caused by space launch failures. We also found that more experienced controllers tend to choose more cautious and conservative rerouting strategies. These findings offer practical guidance for improving resilience in air and space management integration. Furthermore, our study provides a basis for modeling air traffic controller behavior under emergency conditions in a way that is more in line with the real world patterns
Surface albedo and thermal radiation dynamics under conservation and conventional agriculture in subhumid Zimbabwe
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614360/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): 101138269;ACCURATE;(EU) Albedo, Conservation agriCUltuRe and climATe bEnefit// FOOD/2021/424–933;RAIZ;(EU) Promoting agroecological intensification for resilience building in Zimbabwe//International audienceWhile conservation agriculture (CA) has been widely evaluated for its biogeochemical effects (e.g soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions) for climate mitigation, its biogeophysical impacts related to changes in surface albedo remain understudied. This study assessed the biogeophysical effects of CA cropping systems with maize (Zea mays L.) in Zimbabwe. Measurements were conducted continuously over two cropping years at two long-term experiments with contrasting soil characteristics, on an abruptic Lixisol and on a xanthic Ferralsol. The dynamics of surface albedo, longwave radiation, leaf area index, soil moisture and temperature were monitored under three different treatments: conventional tillage (CT, tilled to ~15 cm), no-tillage (NT) and no-tillage with mulch (NTM, 2.5 t DM ha⁻¹). Our results revealed that, on the Ferralsol, NT and NTM significantly (p < 0.05) increased mean annual albedo (0.17) relative to CT (0.16), resulting in a negative instantaneous radiative forcing (iRF) and indicating a net cooling effect. iRF was stronger in 2021/22 (NT: -0.83 ± 0.17 W m-2; NTM: -1.43 ± 0.7 W m-2) than in 2022/23 (NT: -0.43 ± 0.09 W m-2; NTM: -1.03 ± 0.21 W m-2). Conversely, on the Lixisol, while NT increased surface albedo (0.27 vs. CT: 0.24), NTM significantly reduced albedo (0.23), causing positive iRF (warming). iRF was -3.34 ± 0.69 W m-2 and -2.78 ± 0.77 W m-2 for NT in the first and second cropping year, respectively, and increased from 1.14 ± 0.21 W -2 (2021/22) to 2.77 ± 0.41 W m-2 (2022/ 23) under NTM. Overall, our results suggest that the soil background albedo is an important site characteristic that needs to be considered and demonstrates the importance of considering biogeophysical effects when promoting practices of CA for climate change mitigation
Synthesis, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of novel iodophenyl-anthracene Schiff bases: Insights from X-ray crystallography, DFT, antibacterial, and molecular docking studies
No full textInternational audienceTwo novel iodophenyl-anthracene Schiff bases, (E)-1-(10-bromoanthracen-9-yl)-N-(2-iodophenyl)methanimine (I5) and (E)-1-(10-bromoanthracen-9-yl)-N-(4-iodophenyl)methanimine (I6), were synthesized and extensively characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular docking studies. Structural analyses confirmed the presence of the characteristic azomethine linkage (-CH=N-) and elucidated distinct supramolecular architectures stabilized predominantly by pi-pi stacking, halogen bonding, and noncovalent interactions. Hirshfeld surface mappings quantified intermolecular interactions, revealing significant contributions from aromatic stacking and halogen-involved contacts. Quantum chemical analyses highlighted extensive electron delocalization across both compounds, with subtle differences in electronic descriptors suggesting slightly higher reactivity for I6. Molecular docking simulations against key proteins from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans demonstrated potent binding affinities, indicating robust antimicrobial potential. Experimental antimicrobial assays supported these computational findings, with both compounds exhibiting selective inhibition profiles against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Collectively, these multidisciplinary insights establish iodophenyl-anthracene Schiff bases as promising scaffolds for future antimicrobial agent development
Raffinement de maillage adaptatif pour les problèmes d’écoulement et de transport dans les milieux poreux hétérogènes
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an adaptive mesh refinement strategy for modeling the flow and transport of contaminants in porous media. These phenomena are modeled by a system of equations that combine Darcy's law and the diffusion-convection equation. A combined finite volume and finite element discretization is used to discretize the coupled system. A guaranteed a posteriori error estimator, derived from an H(div)-conforming flux reconstruction, is computed and followed by an appropriate method of local refinement and coarsening of mesh elements in two and three dimension to minimize the difference between a discretized solution and a continuous solution in the context of industrial applications. The method is implemented within the MELODIE software developed by the ASNR in order to assess the safety of a deep geological disposal for radioactive waste, and is illustrated through a realistic application of flow and transport in heterogeneous porous media.L’article présente une stratégie de raffinement de maillage adaptatif pour la modélisation de l’écoulement et du transport de contaminants dans les milieux poreux. Ces phénomènes sont décrits par un système d’équations combinant la loi de Darcy et l’équation de diffusion-convection. Une discrétisation mixte, associant les méthodes des volumes finis et des éléments finis, est utilisée pour résoudre ce système couplé. Un estimateur d’erreur a posteriori garanti, dérivé d’une reconstruction de flux conforme, est calculé, puis utilisé pour guider un raffinement et un déraffinement locaux des éléments du maillage, en deux et trois dimensions, afin de minimiser l’écart entre la solution discrète et la solution continue dans un contexte d’applications industrielles. La méthode est implémentée dans le logiciel MELODIE, développé par l’ASNR, afin d’évaluer la sûreté d’un stockage géologique profond de déchets radioactifs, et elle est illustrée à travers une application réaliste d’écoulement et de transport dans un milieu poreux hétérogène