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Exploration of collective tactical variables in elite netball: An analysis of team and sub-group positioning behaviours
Get PDFThe Group of Companies Doctrine in International Arbitration: India, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom
No full textThe efficacy of an eight-week exercise program for the management of chronic low back pain in the equestrian population
No full textBrain volumes in genetic syndromes associated with mTOR dysregulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground Dysregulation of molecular pathways associated with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and elevated rates of neurodevelopmental disorders are implicated in the genetic syndromes neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Noonan syndrome (NS). Given shared molecular and clinical features, understanding convergent and divergent implications of these syndromes on brain development may offer unique insights into disease mechanisms. While an increasing number of studies have examined brain volumes in these syndromes, the effects of each syndrome on global and subcortical brain volumes are unclear. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize existing literature on volumetric brain changes across TSC, FXS, NF1, and NS. Study outcomes were the effect sizes of the genetic syndromes on whole brain, gray and white matter, and subcortical volumes compared to typically developing controls. Subjects We performed a series of meta-analyses synthesizing data from 23 studies in NF1, TSC, FXS, and NS (pooled N = 1556) reporting whole brain volume, gray and white matter volumes, and volumes of subcortical structures compared to controls. Results Meta-analyses revealed significantly larger whole brain volume, gray and white matter volumes, and subcortical volumes in NF1 compared to controls. FXS was associated with increased whole brain, and gray and white matter volumes relative to controls, but effect sizes were smaller than those seen in NF1. In contrast, studies in NS indicated smaller whole brain and gray matter volumes, and reduced subcortical volumes compared to controls. For individuals with TSC, there were no significant differences in whole brain, gray matter, and white volumes compared to controls. Volumetric effect sizes were not moderated by age, sex, or full-scale IQ. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that dysregulation of mTOR signaling across pre- and post-natal periods of development can result in convergent and divergent consequences for brain volume among genetic syndromes. Further research employing advanced disease modeling techniques with human pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro models is needed to further refine our understanding of between and within syndrome variability on early brain development and identify shared molecular mechanisms for the development of pharmaceutical interventions
Sustainable Water Consumption Patterns and Factors: A Case Study of Income-Related Water Security
Get PDFThe association of social media with dietary behaviors among adults in the United Arab Emirates
Get PDFDecarbonising the Australian economy: A first step
Get PDFAbstract Amidst mounting global pressure, governments worldwide have embarked on a collective journey towards decarbonising their economies within the next 30 years. This ambitious goal necessitates the phasing out of naturally occurring hydrocarbons such as coal, natural gas, and oil. However, our analysis of data from academic papers, Australian Federal Government publications, and reports from energy industry bodies and manufacturers of electricity‐generating equipment suggests that such a complete elimination of fossil fuel use is not feasible. The data we've gathered, however, indicate that transitioning to a connected energy island power generation topology could at least create a sustainably robust energy supply capable of propelling Australia towards its environmental targets while bolstering its future economic well‐being
