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Reference values for the five-times-sit-to-stand test: a pooled analysis including 45,470 participants from 14 countries
No full textReinterpreting Privacy and Community: Social and Spatial Transformations from Traditional Arabian Neighbourhoods to Contemporary Gated Communities
Full text linkGated communities have been widely examined as a contemporary urban phenomenon, yet their emergence in the Middle East reflects broader socioeconomic and cultural transformations rather than a direct continuation of historical spatial practices. Historically, Arabian cities featured compact, human-scaled urban layouts with walled perimeters, narrow streets, and shared courtyards, fostering social cohesion, security, and communal interaction. These spatial characteristics evolved organically, balancing privacy with integration to meet communal needs. This article examines the historical evolution of enclosed neighbourhoods in Arabian cities and their sociospatial connections to modern gated communities, assessing their impact on urban sustainability. By employing historical inquiry, this study investigates how traditional principles, such as privacy, community resilience, and spatial hierarchy, have been inherited, reinterpreted, or redefined in contemporary developments. Findings indicate that historical Arabian cities reinforced internal cohesion and self-governance, whereas modern gated communities introduce deliberate spatial and social segregation, disrupting urban connectivity and weakening social sustainability. The study highlights critical implications for urban planning, suggesting that integrating historical spatial principles can create inclusive and adaptable contemporary developments
Insight into laboratory-scale junction-fire dynamics using 3-D physics-based numerical simulations
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The Influence of Sleep Restriction and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Plasma and Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Markers in Young Healthy Males.
No full textExploring practitioner inquiry among health and physical education teachers: insights from teachers’ perspectives
Full text linkA Life Cycle Assessment of HDPE Plastic Milk Bottle Waste Within Concrete Composites and Their Potential in Residential Building and Construction Applications
Full text linkPlastic waste management remains a significant global challenge, with limited recycling opportunities contributing to its status as one of the highest waste producers. In Australia, the recovery rate for plastic waste is 12.5%, resulting in a high percentage of plastics being landfilled. Common disposal methods, such as incineration and landfilling, are environmentally damaging, with incineration emitting harmful gases and landfilling causing contamination. Recycling, while preferable, faces difficulties due to contamination and infrastructure challenges. However, alternative solutions, such as integrating waste plastic into concrete, present an opportunity to both reduce plastic waste and enhance the economic value of recycled materials. This study evaluates the potential of waste plastic milk bottles (PMBs) in residential concrete by assessing their mechanical strength, environmental impact, and variability in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study demonstrated that replacing up to 10% of cement with silica fume-modified plastic milk bottle (SFPMB) waste granules maintained comparable compressive strength to traditional concrete. The addition of metakaolin to the SFPMB mix design (SFMKPMB) further improved the material’s strength by 28%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results revealed reductions in global warming potential (GWP), human toxicity potential (HTP), and fossil depletion potential (FDP), with SFMKPMB showing the greatest environmental savings. A Monte Carlo simulation evaluated variability factors, revealing that additional transportation and energy requirements increased GHG emissions, though the SFMKPMB mix ultimately resulted in the lowest overall material GHG emissions. This study demonstrates the complexity of assessing “green” materials and highlights how material variability and energy use can influence the sustainability of waste-derived composites. Despite challenges, incorporating waste plastics into concrete offers a promising strategy for mitigating landfill waste and reducing environmental impacts, especially as renewable energy adoption increases
Evaluating the Use of Predicted Cushion Curves for Comparing the Performance of Some Sustainable Cushion Systems
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