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Granular Origins of Agglomeration
No full textA few large firms dominate many local labor markets. How does that granularity affect the geography of economic activity and optimal place-based policy? To answer this question, we propose a new economic geography model featuring granular firms subject to idiosyncratic shocks. We show that average wages increase with the size of the local labor market due to that granularity, and we derive the optimal place-based policy. Using Japanese administrative data on manufacturing, we estimate our model and provide evidence consistent with our mechanism. Our mechanism implies that the smallest commuting zones have an elasticity of wages to population of 0.005. In large markets like Tokyo, the elasticity is around 0.001. Enacting optimal place-based industrial and wage policy would increase the number of people in the smallest cities, but the effect on the number of firms depends on firm conduct
The interplay of surface composition, mineralogy, and physical conditions that affect the surface release processes and particle environment of Mercury
No full textMercury has a very tenuous atmosphere starting at the surface, which is referred to as a surface-bound exosphere, where there are no collisions between exospheric particles. Having a surface-bound exosphere means that the particles in the exosphere have their origin on Mercury’s surface; thus, the composition of the exosphere is connected to the composition of the surface. In situ composition measurements of the exosphere can contribute to the study of the composition of the surface, together with a range of remote sensing techniques (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutron spectroscopy). The external drivers for the particle release from the surface are solar photons, solar wind plasma, and micrometeoroid impacts. These drivers also cause space weathering of the surface, resulting in significant physical and chemical alterations in the regolith, ranging from the very surface to depths up to one meter. Modifications of the surface by space weathering must be considered when interpreting the composition measurements of the exosphere as well as the composition measurements of the surface by the established remote sensing techniques, because their information comes from the space-weathered volume of the surface. Therefore, the particle populations in the exosphere, space weathering, and the composition of the surface are intimately connected and must be studied together. In the following, we will review the connections between the surface and the exosphere of Mercury
Formation of a Coronal Hole by a Quiet-Sun Filament Eruption
No full textA coronal hole formed as a result of a quiet-Sun filament eruption close to the solar disk center on 2014 June 25. We studied this formation using images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, and a differential emission measure analysis derived from the AIA images. The coronal hole developed in three stages: (1) formation, (2) migration, and (3) stabilization. In the formation phase, the emission measure (EM) and temperature started to decrease 6 hr before the filament erupted. Then, the filament erupted and a large coronal dimming formed over the following 3 hr. Subsequently, in a phase lasting 15.5 hr, the coronal dimming migrated by ≈150″ from its formation site to a location where potential field source surface extrapolations indicate the presence of open magnetic field lines, marking the transition into a coronal hole. During this migration, the coronal hole drifted across quasi-stationary magnetic elements in the photosphere, implying the occurrence of magnetic interchange reconnection at the boundaries of the coronal hole. In the stabilization phase, the magnetic properties and area of the coronal hole became constant. The EM of the coronal hole decreased, which we interpret as a reduction in plasma density due to the onset of plasma outflow into interplanetary space. As the coronal hole rotated toward the solar limb, it merged with a nearby preexisting coronal hole. At the next solar rotation, the coronal hole was still apparent, indicating a lifetime of >1 solar rotation
GRID3 COD - Health Zones v8.0
No full textThe GRID3 COD - Health Zones v8.0 dataset consists of health zone boundaries with name, location, and other related attributes for all the twenty-six provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD).
Province group 1: Haut-Katanga, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Kinshasa, and Lomami
Province group 2: Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika
Province group 3: Ituri and Kwilu
Province group 4: Maniema
Province group 5: Kasaï-Central
Province group 6: Tshopo and Mongala
Province group 7: Sankuru
Province group 8: Kongo-Central
Province group 9: Lualaba, Mai-Ndombe, Sud-Ubangi, Tshuapa
Province group 10: Equateur, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Kivu
Province group 11: Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Kwango, and Nord-Kivu
This operational dataset has not been fully validated by government officials or ministries.
This current version supersedes the GRID3 COD - Health Zones v7.0 (https://doi.org/10.7916/qy18-hj66). The following changes were made:
Added data for the provinces of Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Kwango, and Nord-Kivu .
The data for Tanganyika was updated.
Keywords: Health Zone
Online Supplement 10 Appendix for Bowers et al. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles: Interrater Reliability Tracker Data
No full textThis .xlsx file is the Online Supplement 10 Appendix for the following report published online:
Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y., Huan, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, J., Cibrian Lopez, G., Murdoch, A., Pu, K., Sill, M., Williams, J., Wu, Y., Xu, G., Saldaña, C., Halverson, R. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/c0jk-5e64
This .xlsx file includes the Interrater Reliability Tracker data described in the report for each of the 7 states and Washington D.C. The file has four tabs: ABY_Merge, Conference_Notes, Final_Decisions, and Data_Dictionary. ABY_Merge includes two raters’ ratings for each dataset assessed for eligibility in the Screening phase of the project. Each row is for a unique rater and indicator combination and includes the following variables: id, validation_round, rating, quote, quote_page, reasoning, year, supplemental_links, dataset_name, and rater. Conference_Notes includes one row for each dataset screened for eligibility and includes notes about whether the raters conferenced about disagreements in their ratings. The validator_conference, state_captain_conference, and pi_conference columns are all binary, with 0 indicating that level of conferencing did not take place and a 1 indicating that it did. The variables for this tab include: id, conference_notes, validator_conference, state_captain_conference, pi_conference, year, dataset_name, rater_a, rater_b. The Final_Decisions tab includes the results that the two raters agreed upon after any necessary conferencing. There is one row for each dataset and indicator combination. It includes the following variables: id, indicator, rating, quote, quote_page, reasoning, year, supplemental_links, and dataset_name. The fourth tab contains a data dictionary with the variable_name, variable_label, variable_type, and data_values for each variable across the other three tabs. For more information about the screening process and its results, please refer to the full “Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles” report.
For more information, please see the research report
To the Right of the Creek
No full textA summer evening. In the country. Crickets, the occasional song of a nightingale. On the right the sound of running water. In the center, an old stone barn. Part of its roof has collapsed. The wall facing the audience is gone. The interior shows. Stones and beams are scattered on the ground. On the left, a wooden door. The back wall is intact with a window in the middle with no casement
Conceptualism and the Connexionist World: The Art of Hannah Weiner, Eduardo Costa, and Christine Kozlov
No full textIn the 1960s, Conceptual artists departed from traditional mediums and forms of artistic production by using text- and data-based procedures, embracing telecommunications and mass media, and minimizing subjective expression or composition. Newly mobile, ephemeral, and interdisciplinary, Conceptual artworks circulated internationally and traded in ideas, language, and information. These characteristics place conceptualism in contentious relation to a globalizing economy enabled by information technologies, and to the creative destructions wrought by capital in the decades following the movement’s inception.
As sociologists Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello have detailed, from the 1970s onward, an exploitative, “connexionist” system—marked by expectations of self-management, flexibility, and continual connection-making—became dominant. They argued that this was in part a result of corporate adoptions of late 1960s counterculture and liberation movements’ calls for the leveling of hierarchies and was hastened by networked communications.
This dissertation reassesses conceptualist developments against the historical backdrop provided by Boltanski and Chiapello as well as by more recent discussions regarding the impact of digital and algorithmic technologies on the consolidation of wealth. Whereas others have collapsed conceptualism to notions of recuperation or failure, deeming the movement symptomatic of post-Fordist developments or naïve 1960s optimism, however, this project instead offers a reparative reading, highlighting the anticipatory and critical powers of artists’ treatments of alphabetic language in the period under question.
The argument centers on three artists and poets working in New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s: Hannah Weiner (1928–1997), Eduardo Costa (b. 1940), and Christine Kozlov (1945–2005). Weiner and Costa were key affiliates of the interdisciplinary genre known as poetry events, which this dissertation reclaims as an important conceptualist arena of collaborative production. Kozlov was part of the canonical circle of Conceptual artists associated with Seth Siegelaub; however, her contributions have since become little-known. Close readings of Weiner’s poetic reappropriation of military signal systems, Costa’s parodies of commercial fashion media, and Kozlov’s serial data streams show their textual strategies for responding to forms of reification and reveal in their works queer and feminist deconstructions of dominant norms.
Combining literary and cultural theories of signification with media studies, this dissertation analyzes these artists’ uses of written language on semiotic as well as operational registers, articulating ways in which their art emulates non-semantic, mechanical code and its effects on interpersonal communication. What surfaces is a picture of early conceptualism as a form of critical analysis particularly attuned to the emerging “connexionist” world
Disintegrations: Design, Labor and Participation circa 1970
No full textThis dissertation traces the emergence, transformation, and dissemination of participatory design across architecture, planning, and workplace organization from the 1960s to the 1980s, situating it within the broader political economy of post-Fordist restructuring.
Through three interrelated case studies -- in the regional industrial districts of Emilia-Romagna (with a focus on Rimini), in the Philadelphia neighborhood of Mantua, and automating Scandinavian firms from weapons factories to newsrooms -- I examine how participatory design operated as a tool of eliciting input and a form of design labor in itself. While the practice has often been narrated within architectural history as a short-lived avant-garde experiment, I argue that its persistence, migration across professional domains, and adaptation to changing political conditions reveal its deeper role as a mediating tool between capital and labor during a period of economic and technological transition.
The study follows designers, planners, trade unionists, neighborhood activists, and management scientists -- including Giancarlo De Carlo in Rimini; Herman Wrice, Russell Ackoff, Forrest Adams, Merle Easton and Richard Plunz in Mantua; and Kristen Nygaard, Pelle Ehn and members of Ergonomi Design Gruppen in Oslo and Stockholm -- who, working under distinct regimes of Eurocommunism, U.S. urban capitalism, and Scandinavian social democracy, developed participatory techniques to reorganize relations of production at the scales of district, neighborhood, and firm. A common array of extractive objects and devices can be discerned across (and despite) these disparate geographies: interactive mock-ups and prototypes, solicited sketches and plans, cognitive maps and transects, questionnaires and mood boards, primers and textbooks, structured forms of play, and forms of televisual feedback designed to make work processes and social relations visible, negotiable, and reconfigurable. As designers moved closer to the “real world” of engaged practice, their participants became more immersed in virtual simulations, and as the number of participants expanded and “took part,” the artifacts that they used became more fragmented, mobile, and provisional.
Drawing on archival research, interviews, and close analysis of encounters between designers and participants, I show how participatory design’s multiple points of origin and disciplinary crossings were shaped by overlapping traditions of pragmatism, anarchism, bureaucratic planning, and corporate management science. Rather than a marginal or purely oppositional practice, participatory design emerges in the study as a historically situated form of post-Fordist work: one that recasts the designer as a “phatic expert,” whose primary task is to facilitate communication, configure users, and manage collaborative production across spatial and organizational scales. In reframing the history of participatory design in relation to shifting modes of accumulation, this dissertation connects its architectural manifestations to its proliferation in service design, user interface development, and other contemporary fields, revealing both the continuities and transformations of participation as a tool of design and governance.
Expanding and potentiating the role of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment
No full textFDA approval of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) has revolutionized the first-line treatment landscape for metastatic Hormone Receptor positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. This regimen of combination targeted therapies has improved progression free survival (PFS) with well tolerated safety profiles. As such, its clinical administration is preferred over that of harsh systemic chemotherapies in approved populations. However, the emergence of resistance is common, and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict patient response. Disease progression has limited the long-term efficacy of CDK4/6i in breast cancer treatment, and there is a lack of consensus second line treatment options.
The ultimate purpose of this dissertation is to potentiate the role of CDK4/6i in its current indications and expand its efficacy to triple negative breast cancer. More specifically, we aim to understand 1) mechanisms of CDK4/6i resistant cell proliferation, 2) whether continued treatment of CDK4/6i can offer therapeutic benefit after disease progression, and 3) methods to sensitize TNBC models to targeted CDK4/6i therapy.
This work uses an innovative combination of genetic engineering, high throughput single cell imaging, in vitro/in vivo modeling, clinical data, and next generation sequencing to answer the aforementioned questions. The development of breast cancer tumor cell lines expressing kinase translocation reporters (KTRs) and cell cycle phase sensors allowed for the real time monitoring of heterogeneous response to drug treatment to investigate the differences in cellular decision making that dictate drug response. Mechanisms identified in vitro were then escalated and recapitulated in mouse models, as well as human tissue samples where appropriate. Unbiased chemogenomic screens, genetic manipulation and next generation sequencing were also employed to identify candidate drivers of resistance, and confirm their effect on phenotype, transcriptional profiles, and chromatin accessibility.
These efforts are separated into three chapters in which we 1) define mechanisms of drug resistance and identify c-Myc protein as a pre-treatment biomarker of CDK4/6i efficacy, 2) measure continued therapeutic benefit of CDK4/6i plus ET administration and addition of CDK2 inhibitors (CDK2i) after disease progression and 3) highlight mechanisms of TNBC CDK4/6i persister development to propose combination therapies that can improve potency in TNBC. Taken together, this work serves as a compelling investigation of CDK4/6i resistance in the treatment of breast cancer
Elucidating the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Highly Basic Environments for Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction Desalination
No full textTemperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) has been shown to effectively desalinate hypersaline brines. However, the fate of organic contaminants during TSSE remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the key physicochemical phenomena governing the equilibrium distribution of organic contaminants in biphasic solvent-aqueous systems relevant to TSSE. Distribution coefficients of organic analytes spanning roughly five orders of magnitude of hydrophobicity were systematically evaluated across five thermomorphic hydrophilicity amine solvents, at extraction and disengagement temperatures, and in hypersaline environments. While hydrophobicity has a principal role in governing distribution, acid–base interactions between the solvent and the contaminant were also found to be significant. Temperature typically has a minimal effect on conventional partitioning behavior but exerts a substantial influence in TSSE due to the thermal sensitivity of solvent solubility in water. Brine salinity does not uniformly affect distribution until the aqueous phases approach saturation, at which point the analytes are salted-out of the brine. A multiple linear regression analysis using KOW, pKa’s, and solvent solubility to model distribution achieved high accuracy (R2 = 0.93), offering a practical framework for a priori determination of contaminant fate. These findings provide key mechanistic insights and design tools for TSSE solvent selection and process engineering