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Measurement of ̄ production in association with additional -jets in the final state in proton–proton collisions at √ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textThis paper presents measurements of top-antitop quark pair (̄) production in association with additional -jets. The analysis utilises 140 fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Fiducial cross-sections are extracted in a final state featuring one electron and one muon, with at least three or four -jets. Results are presented at the particle level for both integrated cross-sections and normalised differential cross-sections, as functions of global event properties, jet kinematics, and -jet pair properties. Observable quantities characterising -jets originating from the top quark decay and additional -jets are also measured at the particle level, after correcting for detector effects.
The measured integrated fiducial cross-sections are consistent with ̄̄ predictions from various next-to-leading-order matrix element calculations matched to a parton shower within the uncertainties of the predictions. State-of-the-art theoretical predictions are compared with the differential measurements; none of them simultaneously describes all observables. Differences between any two predictions are smaller than the measurement uncertainties for most observables
The missing link: PAG orchestrates T cell immune synapse function by binding to actin
No full textDespite breakthroughs in research and treatment, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in the U.S. and globally. Immunotherapy represents a promising class of cancer medications that target proteins found on the surface of T cells to alter signaling in T cell immune synapses. A key target in this field is the checkpoint protein PD-1. Although anti-PD-1 antibody therapy is very successful in some patients, in others it can fail or even result in complications like cancer hyper-progression and immune-related adverse effects. Enhancing response rates and preventing autoimmune reactions requires a deeper understanding of the PD-1 pathway to create more nuanced therapies and combination strategies.
Our 2022 review focused on promising targets within the PD-1 pathway, including the phosphatases SHP2 and PTPN2; kinases ITK, VRK2, GSK-3, and CDK4/6; as well as the signaling adaptor protein PAG. While all of these proteins are strong candidates for combination therapy, our work shown here focuses on PAG. The transmembrane adaptor Phosphoprotein Associated with Glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG) is phosphorylated in T cells following PD-1 ligation and necessary for PD-1function.
In our 2022 research, we developed an antibody that targets PAG, resulting in its mislocalization within the immune synapse and enhancing the anti-tumor immune response in a mouse tumor model. To optimally develop and implement an anti-PAG therapeutic antibody, it’s essential to consider all of PAG's functions. Beyond its role in PD-1 signaling, PAG is found in lipid rafts and acts as a scaffold, gathering various kinases and phosphatases to this vital area of intracellular signaling. PAG contains a PDZ domain, allowing it to connect lipid rafts, kinases/phosphatases, and the actin cytoskeleton. This dissertation demonstrates that PAG acts with actin to regulate T cell synapse organization and function. Mutating PAG in its PDZ domain disrupts the PAG-actin connection, which hinders synapse formation, stability, and function. To investigate the functional impact of the PDZ mutation in vivo, we used a mouse model of type IV hypersensitivity alongside an OVA-tumor mouse model.
In both instances, mice with T cells expressing PDZ-mutant PAG showed weakened immune responses, including impaired cytotoxic function. These findings underscore the significance of the PAG-actin link in eliciting effective T cell immune responses. Although many questions remain, our findings support therapeutically targeting PAG as a promising strategy for modulating immune responses and treating immune- related conditions and diseases
Bitter Harvest: The Militarization of Agriculture in Mussolini's Italy, 1915-1945
No full textThis dissertation offers an economic, political, and environmental history of the mobilization of agriculture in Italy and the Italian Empire from the First World War to the Second World War. Based on new and neglected sources from the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Supreme Commission for Defense, it offers a first comprehensive interpretation of how the Committee for Grain, the Council of Ministers, and the Italian Parliament under the National Government (1922-29) and the Fascist Government (1929-45) formulated, negotiated, and promulgated these policies as their solutions to the problems from the First World War, the Fascist Revolution, and the Great Depression.
In each of the chapters, the dissertation examines one series of policies from the Council of Ministers, the Chamber, and the Senate and advances an argument about how the successes of the policies the Italians pursued for the modernization of agriculture after the March on Rome prefigured the failures of their policies for the mobilization for war across the Mediterranean. The project thus provides a new interpretation of the making and breaking of agriculture in Mussolini’s Italy, but it also presents new answers to old questions about the conceits of fascism, the contours of capitalism, the course of empire, and the causes, conduct, and consequences of war across Italy, Southern Europe, and the Mediterranean
Exploring the Effects of the Probability and Rate of Reward on Goal- and Sign-Tracking Behavior
No full textIn seven different experiments we dissociated and evidenced the independent effects of manipulations of the probability and rate of rewards on mice pavlovian autoshaping.
In the first 2 experiments, a pure goal-tracking behavioral paradigm was used to assess head-entry behavior while manipulating the probability of reward while confounded with the rate of reward (Exp1) and independently manipulated by the use of a split-trial design (Exp2). These experiments showed that both the probability and rate of reward can affect behavior at different points in training.
In Chapter II, three experiments dissociated the effects of the probability and rate of reward on an autoshaping paradigm where we could evaluate responses to cues independently from the responses to the reward. The effects of temporal uncertainty were also evaluated by comparing groups with fixed and variable cue durations. The results of this chapter showed that the probability and rate of reward may have opposite effects on ST, higher probability prompted higher rates of ST, but overall higher rates of ST were observed to cues rewarded with lower rate. These experiments showed that these differences were particularly pronounced under fixed cue durations.
Finally in Chapter III we tested on two within-subject autoshaping experiments if either the probability or rate of reward could guide anticipation when only one of these variables differed across cues. The results confirmed that both variables could guide the difference in ST to the two cues. These experiments show a more complex picture of ST behavior that is not compatible with theories of learning where only one informative variable guides behavior
Pacific Decadal Variability and Its Hydroclimate Teleconnections in CMIP6 Models
No full textNatural decadal climate variability in the Pacific, such as the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) or the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), plays a powerful role in evolving global hydroclimate on decadal time scales. Recent generations of general circulation models (GCMs) have been found to simulate the spatial pattern of the PDO well but struggle to capture temporal variability on decadal time scales. To use GCMs to project future climate, we must understand the degree to which climate models can successfully reproduce historical PDO and IPO spatial patterns, temporal behavior, and influence on hydroclimate. We calculate PDO and IPO spatial patterns and time series using 16 models within the CMIP6 archive, all with large (n ≥ 10) ensembles, and compare them to observations in an integrated assessment of models’ ability to represent Pacific decadal variability spatiotemporally. All models underestimate decadal variability in the PDO and IPO and have a westward bias in their PDO and IPO North Pacific SST anomalies. We also evaluate hydroclimate teleconnections of the PDO and IPO in models using PDO- and IPO-associated precipitation, circulation, low-cloud, and vapor pressure deficit anomalies. We show that models’ underpowered decadal variability in the Pacific is consistent with their inability to reproduce large-amplitude decadal swings in precipitation in southwestern North America and that models are virtually unable to produce a 30-yr precipitation trend in the southwest of the magnitude observed from 1982 to 2011. We emphasize the importance of model fidelity in simulating Pacific decadal variability for accurate representation of decadal-scale hydroclimate change in Pacific-teleconnected land regions
GRID3 COD - Health Areas v8.0
No full textThe GRID3 COD - Health Areas v8.0 dataset consists of health area boundaries with name, location, health zone, and other attributes for all the twenty-six provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD).
Province group 1: Haut-Katanga, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Kinshasa, and Lomami
Province group 2: Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika
Province group 3: Ituri and Kwilu
Province group 4: Maniema
Province group 5: Kasaï-Central
Province group 6: Tshopo and Mongala
Province group 7: Sankuru
Province group 8: Kongo-Central
Province group 9: Lualaba, Mai-Ndombe, Sud-Ubangi, Tshuapa
Province group 10: Equateur, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Kivu
Province group 11: Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Kwango, and Nord-Kivu
This operational dataset has not been fully validated by government officials or ministries.
This current version supersedes the GRID3 COD - Health Areas v7.0 (https://doi.org/10.7916/5f2h-h527). The following changes were made:
Added data for the provinces of Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Kwango, and Nord-Kivu .
The data for Tanganyika was updated.
Keywords: Health Area
Online Supplement 1 Appendix for Bowers et al. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles: California v1.3 Metadata Megatable
No full textThis .csv is an Online Supplement for the following report published online:
Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y., Huan, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, J., Cibrian Lopez, G., Murdoch, A., Pu, K., Sill, M., Williams, J., Wu, Y., Xu, G., Saldaña, C., Halverson, R. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/c0jk-5e64
This .csv includes metadata on hundreds of California public open access K-12 education datasets mapped to the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's (NASEM) 16 equity indicators. The metadata catalogue (the metadata megatable) includes metadata variables including each dataset's filename, format, year, direct URL, indirect URL, and categorization to each of the 16 indicators.
For more information on the variables in the file please see the data dictionary for this project: https://doi.org/10.7916/ydwn-1s20
For more information, please see the research report
Online Supplement 3 Appendix for Bowers et al. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles: Maryland v1.3 Metadata Megatable
No full textThis .csv is an Online Supplement for the following report published online:
Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y., Huan, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, J., Cibrian Lopez, G., Murdoch, A., Pu, K., Sill, M., Williams, J., Wu, Y., Xu, G., Saldaña, C., Halverson, R. (2025) Mapping Public Open Access K-12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/c0jk-5e64
This .csv includes metadata on hundreds of Maryland public open access K-12 education datasets mapped to the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's (NASEM) 16 equity indicators. The metadata catalogue (the metadata megatable) includes metadata variables including each dataset's filename, format, year, direct URL, indirect URL, and categorization to each of the 16 indicators.
For more information on the variables in the file please see the data dictionary for this project: https://doi.org/10.7916/ydwn-1s20
For more information, please see the research report
Electron recombination of rotationally cold D₂H⁺ ions
No full textDissociative recombination (DR) of electrons with small molecular ions is a fundamental process for the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres. In previous DR studies, detailed analysis of the experimental rate coefficients has been hindered by the difficulty of preparing the ions in well-defined quantum states. For polyatomic ions in particular, truly state-selective measurements have been elusive, allowing only qualitative benchmarks of theory. Here, we present DR studies of the deuterated triatomic hydrogen ion D₂H⁺, where the molecular ions were stored for up to 1000 seconds inside the Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR) prior to the DR measurements. Our experiments with rotationally cold D₂H⁺ ions allow for detailed comparison to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. We obtain very good agreement between experiment and theory even in the important collision energy range from 1 meV to 0.5 eV, where a multitude of Rydberg resonances reveal their imprint on the rate coefficient
Copenhagen Cloudburst Plan
Get PDFThis case study will demonstrate how it is possible, through planning, to alleviate impacts from increased risk of flooding due to climate change, following heavy rain called cloudbursts. It is possible to also create opportunities that can be of use in other situations, in this case a pandemic. The Cloudburst Management Plan of Copenhagen will be analyzed on how this can be used to create a more equal and liveable city, especially during pandemic times