Institute of Mathematics AS CR, v. v. i.
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    Extension methods for nullnorms on bounded lattices

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    summary:After nullnorms were defined on bounded lattices by Karaçal et al., construction methods for nullnorms on bounded lattices have been widely studied in which the existence of t-norms (t-conorms) on sublattices of the bounded lattice LL has generally been exploited. Extension methods of nullnorms are important as they also play a significant role for ordinal sum construction of nullnorms on bounded lattices. In this paper, we introduce extension construction methods for nullnorms on a bounded lattice LL by exploiting the existence of a nullnorm VV on a sublattice of LL. Then, we demonstrate that our new construction methods are also different from the existing construction methods in the literature. Additionally, some illustrative examples are provided. Finally, we also give modified versions of our construction method by induction

    Hrátky s dělitelností. Řešení – Solution

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    Structure of the unit group of the group algebras of non-metabelian groups of order 128

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    summary:We characterize the unit group for the group algebras of non-metabelian groups of order 128 over the finite fields whose characteristic does not divide the order of the group. Up to isomorphism, there are 2328 groups of order 128 and only 14 of them are non-metabelian. We determine the Wedderburn decomposition of the group algebras of these non-metabelian groups and subsequently characterize their unit groups

    On kk-Pell numbers which are sum of two Narayana's cows numbers

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    summary:For any positive integer k2k\geq 2, let (Pn(k))n2k(P_n^{(k)})_{n\geq 2-k} be the kk-generalized Pell sequence which starts with 0,,0,10,\cdots ,0,1 (kk terms) with the linear recurrence Pn(k)=2Pn1(k)+Pn2(k)++Pnk(k)for n2. P_{n}^{(k)} = 2P_{n-1}^{(k)}+P_{n-2}^{(k)}+\cdots +P_{n-k}^{(k)}\quad \text {for}\ n\geq 2. Let (Nn)n0(N_n)_{n\geq 0} be Narayana's sequence given by N0=N1=N2=1andNn+3=Nn+2+Nn. N_0=N_1=N_2=1\quad \text {and}\quad N_{n+3}=N_{n+2}+N_{n}. The purpose of this paper is to determine all kk-Pell numbers which are sums of two Narayana's numbers. More precisely, we study the Diophantine equation Pp(k)=Nn+Nm P_p^{(k)}=N_n+N_m in nonnegative integers kk, pp, nn and mm

    Finite logarithmic order meromorphic solutions of linear difference/differential-difference equations

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    summary:Firstly we study the growth of meromorphic solutions of linear difference equation of the formAk(z)f(z+ck)++A1(z)f(z+c1)+A0(z)f(z)=F(z), A_{k}(z)f(z+c_{k})+\cdots +A_{1}(z)f(z+c_{1})+A_{0}(z)f(z)=F(z), where Ak(z),,A0(z)A_{k}(z),\ldots ,A_{0}(z) and F(z)F(z) are meromorphic functions of finite logarithmic order, cic_{i} (i=1,,k,kN)(i=1,\ldots ,k, k\in \mathbb {N}) are distinct nonzero complex constants. Secondly, we deal with the growth of solutions of differential-difference equation of the form i=0nj=0mAij(z)f(j)(z+ci)=F(z), \sum _{i=0}^{n}\sum _{j=0}^{m}A_{ij}(z)f^{(j)}(z+c_{i})=F(z), where Aij(z)A_{ij}(z) (i=0,1,,n,j=0,1,,m,n,mN)(i=0,1,\ldots ,n, j=0,1,\ldots ,m,n, m\in \mathbb {N}) and F(z)F(z) are meromorphic functions of finite logarithmic order, cic_{i} (i=0,,n)(i=0,\ldots ,n) are distinct complex constants. We extend some previous results obtained by Zhou and Zheng and Biswas to the logarithmic lower order.\looseness -

    On almost periodicity defined via non-absolutely convergent integrals

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    summary:We investigate some properties of the normed space of almost periodic functions which are defined via the Denjoy-Perron (or equivalently, Henstock-Kurzweil) integral. In particular, we prove that this space is barrelled while it is not complete. We also prove that a linear differential equation with the non-homogenous term being an almost periodic function of such type, possesses a solution in the class under consideration

    On the behaviour of the solutions of a kk-order cyclic-type system of max difference equations

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    summary:We investigate the behaviour of the solutions of a kk-dimensional cyclic system of difference equations with maximum. More precisely, we study the existence and the number of the equilibria in the case when kk is an odd or an even positive integer, but also for the various values of the exponents of the terms of the difference equations of this system. In addition, we find invariant intervals for our system and we invistegate the convergence of the solutions to the unique positive equilibrium. Finally, we study the asymptotic behavior of the positive solutions of the system in the case, where k=2k=2 and k=4k=4

    Local equivalence of some maximally symmetric (2,3,5)(2,3,5)-distributions II

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    summary:We show the change of coordinates that maps the maximally symmetric (2,3,5)(2,3,5)-distribution given by solutions to the k=23k=\frac{2}{3} and k=32k=\frac{3}{2} generalised Chazy equation to the flat Cartan distribution. This establishes the local equivalence between the maximally symmetric k=23k=\frac{2}{3} and k=32k=\frac{3}{2} generalised Chazy distribution and the flat Cartan or Hilbert-Cartan distribution. We give the set of vector fields parametrised by solutions to the k=23k=\frac{2}{3} and k=32k=\frac{3}{2} generalised Chazy equation and the corresponding Ricci-flat conformal scale that bracket-generate to give the split real form of g2\mathfrak{g}_2

    What if we all were moving within honey?

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    Metrization of powers of the Jensen-Shannon divergence

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    summary:Metrization of statistical divergences is valuable in both theoretical and practical aspects. One approach to obtaining metrics associated with divergences is to consider their fractional powers. Motivated by this idea, Osán, Bussandri, and Lamberti (2018) studied the metrization of fractional powers of the Jensen-Shannon divergence between multinomial distributions and posed an open problem. In this short note, we provide an affirmative answer to their conjecture. Moreover, our method is also applicable to fractional powers of ff-divergences between Cauchy distributions

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