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Normas de fluidez verbal fonológica para adultos de mediana edad y mayores hispanohablantes: Letras F, A y S
No full textBackground: Verbal fluency tests are easy and regularly used in neuropsychological assessment. This paper offers normative data of pho-nological verbal fluency tests (FAS) for Spanish middle- and older-aged adults, considering sociodemographic factors, and different measures such as the total number of words, errors, and words evoked in each 15 sec-segment. Method: A total of 920 cognitively unimpaired participants, aged between 50 and 89 years old, participated in t
he study. The statistical procedure includes the conversion of percentile ranges into scalar scores to obtain a normal distribution. The effects of age, education, and sex were verified by determination coefficients. Correc-tions were only applied for those sociodemographic variables that ex-plained more than 5%. Linear regressions are used to calculate the scalar-adjusted scores. Results: Scalar scores and percentiles for all tests across dif-ferent measures are shown. Supplementary tables are provided for neces-sary adjustments considering educational level, since the results showed no differences related to age and sex across analyses. Conclusions: This study provides updated and clinically useful normative data for European Span-ish-speaking natives, aged from 50 to 89 years, for FAS tests, considering errors and word production over 15-second segments. The influence of education on tasks aligns with findings from previous studies.Antecedentes: Las pruebas de fluidez verbal se utilizan con fre-cuencia en la evaluación neuropsicológica. Este estudio presenta datos normativos de fluidez verbal fonológica (FAS) para adultos de mediana edad y mayores de habla hispana, considerando factores sociodemográficos y medidas como el número total de palabras, errores y palabras evocadas en segmentos de 15 segundos. Método: Participaron 920 adultos cognitivamen-te intactos, de 50 a 89 años. Se utilizaron procedimientos estadísticos para convertir rangos percentiles en puntuaciones escalares, obteniendo una dis-tribución normal. Se analizaron los efectos de la edad, educación y sexo mediante coeficientes de determinación, aplicando correcciones solo a va-riables sociodemográficas que explicaran más del 5%. Las puntuaciones ajustadas se calcularon con regresiones lineales. Resultados: Se presentan las puntuaciones escalares y percentiles para todas las medidas. Se incluyen ta-blas suplementarias para ajustes por nivel educativo, ya que no se encontra-ron diferencias relacionadas con la edad y el sexo. Conclusiones: Este estudio ofrece datos normativos actualizados para nativos hispanohablantes euro-peos, de 50 a 89 años, en pruebas FAS, considerando errores y producción de palabras en segmentos de 15 segundos. Los efectos de la educación coinciden con estudios previos
Large language model-assisted structured reporting in Radiology residents : an implementation pilot study in Emergency Radiology
No full textObjective: To evaluate whether a structured reporting system assisted by Large Language Models
(LLMs) can be practically integrated into the work of radiology residents during on-call shifts.
Secondary objectives included: describing format preferences through blind evaluation,
characterizing linguistic differences between manual and LLM-assisted reports, and identifying
perceived risks for a confirmatory study. Methods: A two-component pilot study was conducted.Objetivo: Evaluar si un sistema de informe estructurado asistido por Large Language Models
puede integrarse de forma práctica en el trabajo de residentes de Radiología durante las guardias.
Como objetivos secundarios: describir preferencias de formato mediante evaluación ciega,
caracterizar diferencias lingüísticas entre informes manuales y asistidos, e identificar riesgos
percibidos para un estudio confirmatorio. Métodos: Estudio piloto con dos componentes. En la fase
prospectiva, cuatro residentes generaron 480 informes alternando redacción manual y asistida por
LLM (Custom GPT-4o). En paralelo, se analizaron 200 informes anonimizados de adjuntos para
contextualizar las métricas. Se empleó una encuesta ad hoc tipo Likert (seis dimensiones) y se
calcularon métricas de clasificación y perplejidad como indicadores descriptivos. Resultados: La
herramienta fue bien recibida. Las medianas Likert oscilaron entre 4,75 y 4,90 sobre 5. Los
residentes distinguieron con precisión qué informes habían sido asistidos (F1 = 0,92), lo que sugiere
una huella formal reconocible. Se observó sesgo de autoatribución en las preferencias ciegas. La
perplejidad difirió entre residentes y adjuntos (p = 0,03), apuntando a mayor regularidad en
profesionales experimentados. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos respaldan la integración inicial del
asistente en el circuito de guardias. El interés reside en su función de andamiaje para estandarizar la
comunicación entre residentes y médicos peticionarios, no en automatizar el razonamiento
diagnóstico. In the prospective phase, four residents generated 480 reports, alternating between manual and
LLM-assisted writing (Custom GPT-4o). In parallel, 200 anonymized reports from attending
physicians were analyzed to contextualize the metrics. An ad hoc Likert-type survey (six
dimensions) was used, and classification and perplexity metrics were calculated as descriptive
indicators. Results: The tool was well received. Median Likert scores ranged from 4.75 to 4.90 out of
5. Residents accurately distinguished which reports had been assisted (F1 = 0.92), suggesting a
recognizable formal signature. Self-attribution bias was observed in blinded preferences. Perplexity
differed between residents and attending physicians (p = 0.03), suggesting greater regularity among
experienced professionals. Conclusions: The findings support the initial integration of the assistant
into the on-call system. The value lies in its scaffolding function to standardize communication
between residents and requesting physicians, not in automating diagnostic reasoning
Expression of mucins MUC1 and MUC4 in curative resected gallbladder adenocarcinoma
No full textBackground and Aims. Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) is associated with high mortality because of the difficulty in its early detection and treatment. Therefore, identifying prognostic factors is crucial for managing patients with GBAC. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between immunohisto-chemical profiles of mucin expression, clinico-pathological behavior, and prognosis for curatively resected gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) and to prove that mucin expression is a prognostic factor for GBAC.
Methods. We examined the expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4) using immunohisto-chemical analyses and compared the prevalence of each mucin with clinicopathological features in patients with early-stage (stage 0 to IIB) GBAC.
Results. MUC1 expression was significantly expressed in patients with GBAC with lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and recurrence. MUC2 was significantly expressed in patients with GBAC with perineural invasion and recurrence but not with prognosis. Patients with MUC1-high expression exhibited worse prognoses than those with MUC1-low expression. In contrast, patients with positive MUC4 expression had significantly better prognoses than those without MUC4 expression.
Conclusion. The expression of MUC1 and MUC4 in GBAC is an independent prognostic factor for survival and a useful marker for predicting the outcomes of patients with GBAC
Pelagio Ferrer y Rigo (1865-1945): teacher, musician and instrument
No full textThe present study describes the life and professional legacy of Pelagio Ferrer y Rigo (1865-1945), a primary school teacher and a currently unknown figure in the educational and cultural history of the Region of Murcia. The main objective is to identify Pelagio Ferrer's relationship as a teacher and his connection with music and musical instruments, with the intention of highlighting the importance of his biographical legacy. The methodology used is a qualitative study focused on documentary analysis, mainly of his memoirs and of the archives related to him extracted from the newspaper archives. The results reveal that Pelagio Ferrer worked as a teacher in different towns in Murcia, leaving his mark not only for his educational work but also for his ability to integrate music into the school, social, and religious contexts. He learned and taught instruments such as the accordion, guitar, harmonium, and flute, contributing to the artistic development of his students and to the cultural development of the communities in which he worked. In conclusion, it is highlighted that his work allows us to better understand the role of music as a pedagogical tool in rural contexts and in an era marked by material and social limitations, highlighting how music became a cross-cutting resource in his teaching practice, facilitating teaching-learning processes, promoting social cohesion, and consolidating his image
as a cultural reference.El presente estudio describe el legado vital y profesional de Pelagio Ferrer y Rigo (1865-1945), maestro de Educación Primaria y figura desconocida actualmente en la historia educativa y cultural de la Región de Murcia. El objetivo principal consiste en identificar la relación de Pelagio Ferrer como maestro y su vinculación con la música y los instrumentos musicales, con la intención de dar a conocer la importancia de su legado biográfico. Como metodología se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo centrado en el análisis documental de sus memorias principalmente y de los archivos relacionados con él extraídos de la hemeroteca. Los resultados revelan que Pelagio Ferrer ejerció como docente en distintas localidades murcianas, dejando huella no solo por su labor educativa, sino por su capacidad para integrar la música en el contexto escolar, social y religioso. Aprendió y enseñó a tocar instrumentos como el acordeón, la guitarra, el armónium y la flauta, contribuyendo a la formación artística de su
alumnado y al desarrollo cultural de las comunidades en las que trabajó. Como conclusión se destaca que su figura permite comprender mejor el papel de la música como herramienta pedagógica en contextos rurales y en una época marcada por limitaciones materiales y sociales poniendo en evidencia cómo la música se convirtió en un recurso transversal en su práctica docente, facilitando procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, promoviendo la cohesión social y consolidando su imagen como referente cultural
IA y sensores portátiles en la educación superior para investigar las habilidades de hablar en público
No full textLa capacidad de comunicarse eficazmente con el público se considera una habilidad esencial para el avance profesional. Sin embargo, la literatura científica muestra que los trastornos de ansiedad se encuentran entre los trastornos mentales más comunes que padecen los oradores públicos. El presente estudio involucra a estudiantes universitarios de dos contextos y países diferentes y examina su ansiedad al hablar en público mediante el cruce de datos sobre autopercepciones cognitivas, reacciones fisiológicas (frecuencia cardíaca) y aspectos conductuales (expresiones faciales y movimientos corporales). También explora el potencial de los dispositivos portátiles y la inteligencia artificial en la recopilación y el análisis de datos para identificar diferentes perfiles de estudiantes según sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad al hablar en público. El análisis cruzado mostró una buena consistencia y reveló diferencias interesantes entre las dos muestras, incluyendo grupos relacionados con el estrés y estados emocionales. Los datos obtenidos animan a seguir investigando las variables asociadas con la oratoria y las habilidades oratorias. Los desarrollos futuros podrían explorar la contribución potencial de estas herramientas para ayudar a los profesores a diseñar una formación personalizada eficaz y discutir los resultados con los estudiantes para promover la conciencia de sus debilidades y fortalezas.In most professional fields, being able to effectively communicate to an audience is considered an essential skill for professional advancement. However, the literature shows that anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders encountered by public speakers and that public speaking anxiety can negatively impact on the learning experience of undergraduate students. The present study involves university students from two different contexts and countries and examines their public speaking anxiety by cross-referencing data on cognitive self-perceptions, physiological reactions (heart rate), and behavioural aspects (facial expressions and body movements). It also explores the potential of wearable devices and artificial intelligence in data collection and analysis to identify different student profiles according to their levels of stress and public speaking anxiety. Despite various limitations, the cross-analysis showed good consistency and revealed interesting differences between the two samples, including stress-related clusters and emotional states. The data obtained encourage further research into the variables associated with public speaking and oratory skills. In addition, future developments of this study aim to further explore the potential contribution of these tools in assisting teachers in designing effective personalised training, as well as sharing and discussing data with students to promote awareness of their weaknesses and strengths
Spinoza and obedience. Or why sometimes to obey is also to free oneself
No full textIn this paper we will seek to elucidate a complex relationship between freedom and obedience. First, we will explain the concepts of freedom and obedience as Spinoza develop them and how they are articulated between human beings considered in an abstract way and between citizens who inhabit a real political community. Secondly, we will describe the plurivocity of meanings that the notion of obedience holds in the Amsterdam-born author, which is embodied in the designation of different political subjects. In the third section, we will explain why obedience should not be understood only as a synonym of servitude, but can be virtuously articulated with freedom under certain conditionsEn el presente trabajo buscaremos elucidar una relación compleja entre la libertad y la obediencia. En primer lugar, explicaremos los conceptos de libertad y obediencia tal como Spi-noza los desarrolla y cómo se articulan entre los seres humanos considerados de manera abstracta y entre los ciudadanos que habitan una comuni-dad política real. En segundo lugar, se describirá la plurivocidad de significados que la noción de la obediencia guarda en el autor nacido en Ámster-dam, la cual se plasma al designar distintos suje-tos políticos. En el tercer apartado, explicaremos por qué la obediencia no debe ser entendida úni-camente como un sinónimo de servidumbre, sino que puede ser articulada virtuosamente con la libertad en ciertas condiciones
Researching scientometrically the backgroundson medicaleducation : 19th century French doctoral theses
No full textntroduction. This study conducts a scientometric and historiographic review of doctoral theses onmedical education defended at French universities throughout the 19th century in search of theantecedents of this multidisciplinary field. Method. Quantitative (scientometric) review study withintentional sampling. Twenty-eight bibliographic records of these theses were retrieved ad hocfromthe French databases SUDOC (Système Universitaire de DOCumentation) and bnf (Bibliothèque Nationalede France). Results. Scientometric patterns are provided for: longitudinal production as a 6th-orderpolynomial function; institutional productivity with five French universities, of which Paris is themost productive; and production by gender with three theses defended by women (11% of the total).The diversity of thematic areas inferred confirms the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature ofmedical education since its origins, which can be dichotomized into medical and non-medicaldisciplines. The textual analysis reveals the plurality of terms inferred from the titles to configure afinal network analysis consisting of a central cluster of 25 theses and three peripheral ones. Discussion. It can be said that French doctoral thesis production during the 19th century wasabundant, varied, and showed clear scientometric patterns, which denotes the relevance of Frenchmedical education as the historical research vanguard of this multidisciplinary field.Introducción. Este estudio realiza una revisión cienciométrica e historiográfica de las tesis doctorales sobre educación médica defendidas en las universidades francesas a lo largo del siglo XIX a la búsqueda de los antecedentes de este campo multidisciplinar. Método. Estudio revisional cuantitativo (cienciométrico) con muestreo intencional. Se recuperan ad hoc 28 fichas bibliográficas de dichas tesis extraídas de las bases francesas SUDOC (Système Universitaire de DOCumentation) y bnf (Bibliothèque Nationale de France). Resultados. Se ofrecen patrones cienciométricos relativos a: la producción longitudinal como una función polinómica de 6º orden; productividad institucional con cinco universidades francesas de las que París es la más productiva y producción según género con tres tesis defendidas por mujeres (11% del total). La diversidad de áreas temáticas inferidas confirma el carácter multidisciplinar desde sus orígenes de la educación médica, dicotomizable en disciplinas médicas y no médicas. El análisis textual expone la pluralidad de los términos inferidos de los títulos para configurar un análisis de red final constituida por un conglomerado central de 25 tesis y tres periféricas. Discusión. Se puede afirmar que la producción francesa de tesis doctorales durante el siglo XIX es abundante, variada y con patrones cienciométricos evidenciados, lo cual denota la relevancia de la educación médica francesa como la vanguardia histórica investigadora de esta multidisciplina
On integral priors for multiple comparison in Bayesian model selection
No full textNoninformative priors constructed for estimation purposes are usually not appropriate for model selection and testing. The methodology of integral priors was developed to get prior distributions for Bayesian model selection when comparing two models, modifying initial improper reference priors. We propose a generalisation of this methodology to more than two models. Our approach adds an artificial copy of each model under comparison by compactifying the parametric space and creating an ergodic Markov chain across all models that returns the integral priors as marginals of the stationary distribution. Besides the guarantee of their existence and the lack of paradoxes attached to estimation reference priors, an additional advantage of this methodology is that the simulation of this Markov chain is straightforward as it only requires simulations of imaginary training samples for all models and from the corresponding posterior distributions. We present some examples, including situations where other methodologies need specific adjustments or do not produce a satisfactory answer
Transmisión y Mantenimiento de la Infección. Modalidades de Contagio
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