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Efectividad y Desafíos de la Cirugía Asistida por Vídeo en laEducación Médica de Posgrado: Una Revisión SistemáticaFocalizada de Estudios del 2025
No full textIntroducción: La cirugía asistida por video (CAV) se ha incorporado de manera creciente en laeducación médica de posgrado (EMP), ofreciendo una visualización mejorada y oportunidadesestructuradas para el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas. No obstante, los modelos recientes deimplementación presentan variaciones considerables en su diseño, evaluación y resultadosreportados. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia proveniente de estudios publicados en 2025 acerca de laefectividad y los desafíos de la CAV en la EMP. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemáticafocalizada conforme a las recomendaciones PRISMA-S. Se identificaron estudios revisados por pares,publicados en idioma inglés en 2025, mediante búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science.Fueron elegibles aquellos estudios que evaluaron intervenciones educativas asistidas por videodirigidas a residentes y/o becarios, y que reportaron al menos un desenlace educativo. Cuatroestudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión tras un proceso de selección doble. Los datos seextrajeron mediante un marco estandarizado y se sintetizaron de forma narrativa debido a laheterogeneidad sustancial en los diseños de estudio, las intervenciones y las medidas de resultado.Resultados: Los cuatro estudios incluidos emplearon metodologías heterogéneas (diseñosobservacionales descriptivos, un estudio observacional multicéntrico y un ensayo clínicoaleatorizado). Los resultados reportados sugieren posibles mejoras en la comprensión de losprocedimientos, la adquisición de habilidades técnicas, la eficiencia del flujo de trabajo y laparticipación del estudiante, particularmente cuando los enfoques asistidos por video se integraronen modelos de formación estructurados. Sin embargo, la evidencia se basó con frecuencia en muestraspequeñas, medidas subjetivas (por ejemplo, satisfacción y utilidad percibida) y evaluaciones a cortoplazo, con un uso limitado de métricas objetivas estandarizadas. Conclusiones: La evidenciaproveniente de estudios publicados en 2025 indica que la CAV puede favorecer la formaciónquirúrgica en la EMP cuando se integra en marcos educativos estructurados. No obstante, el reducidonúmero de estudios, la heterogeneidad metodológica y la limitada disponibilidad de datoslongitudinales exigen una interpretación cautelosa. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales,multicéntricas y metodológicamente rigurosas, para esclarecer el impacto educativo a largo plazo ysu transferencia a la práctica clínicaIntroduction: Video-assisted surgery (VAS) has been increasingly incorporated into graduatemedical education (GME), offering enhanced visualization and structured opportunities for technicalskill development. However, recent implementation models vary considerably in design, evaluation,and reported outcomes. Objective: To synthesize evidence from studies published in 2025 regardingthe effectiveness and challenges of VAS in GME. Methods: A focused systematic review wasconducted in accordance with PRISMA-S recommendations. Peer-reviewed English-languagestudies published in 2025 were identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.Eligible studies examined video-assisted educational interventions involving residents and/orfellows and reported at least one educational outcome. Four studies met the inclusion criteriafollowing dual screening. Data were extracted using a standardized framework and synthesizednarratively due to substantial heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcome measures.Results: The four included studies employed heterogeneous methodologies (descriptiveobservational designs, a multicenter observational study, and one randomized controlled trial).Reported outcomes suggested potential improvements in procedural understanding, technical skillacquisition, workflow efficiency, and learner engagement, particularly when video-assistedapproaches were embedded within structured training models. However, evidence was frequentlybased on small samples, subjective measures (e.g., satisfaction and perceived utility), and short-termevaluations, with limited use of standardized objective metrics. Conclusions: Evidence from 2025studies indicates that VAS may support surgical training in GME when integrated into structurededucational frameworks. Nevertheless, the small number of studies, methodological heterogeneity,and limited longitudinal data warrant cautious interpretation. Further multicenter methodologically rigorous research is needed to clarify long-term educational impact and transfer toclinical practic
Education in democratic values: the usefulness of a training program on transparency and citizen participation in secundary education
No full textIn recent years, educational programs focusing on democratic values, transparency,
access to information, and citizen participation have been implemented in schools.
However, there is a lack of research examining the impact of these initiatives on students. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of a training program on transparency and open government among secondary school students. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research approach was employed, using a non-experimental survey design. The sample consisted of 152 secondary school students from two schools in the Region of Murcia. The results indicate a high level of satisfaction with the training received and highlight the perceived importance of knowledge related to transparency and open government. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the relevance of incorporating this type of training in schools to promote socio-educational programs that strengthen democratic values among young people.En los últimos años se han llevado a cabo programas que ponen el foco sobre los valores democráticos, la transparencia, el acceso a la información y la participación ciudadana en los centros educativos. Sin embargo, no abundan los trabajos que profundizan sobre el impacto que tienen dichas formaciones educativas en los estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer el impacto que tiene un programa de formación sobre transparencia y gobierno abierto en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria. Para dar respuesta a este objetivo se utilizó un método de investigación cuantitativo, en concreto un diseño no experimental tipo encuesta en el que participaron 152 estudiantes de Secundaria pertenecientes a dos centros educativos de la Región de Murcia. Los resultados muestran un elevado nivel de satisfacción sobre la formación recibida, además de poner en valor los conocimientos sobre transparencia y gobierno abierto. En conclusión, se pone de relieve la importancia de este tipo de formaciones en los centros educativos con el fin de seguir apostando por programas socioeducativos que incrementen los valores democráticos en la juventud.Ces dernières années, des programmes ont été mis en place pour mettre l’accent sur les
valeurs démocratiques, la transparence, l’accès à l’information et la participation citoyenne dans les établissements scolaires. Cependant, il n’existe pas beaucoup de travaux qui approfondissent l’impact de ces formations éducatives sur les étudiants. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de ce travail est de connaître l’impact d’un programme de formation sur la transparence et le gouvernement ouvert chez les élèves de l’enseignement secondaire. Pour répondre à cet objectif, une méthode de recherche quantitative a été utilisée, en particulier un design non expérimental de type enquête auquel ont participé 152 élèves de secondaire issus de deux établissements scolaires de la région de Murcie. Les résultats montrent un niveau élevé de satisfaction concernant la formation reçue, en plus de valoriser les connaissances sur la transparence et le gouvernement ouvert. En conclusion, l’importance de ce type de formation dans les établissements scolaires est mise en avant afin de continuer à soutenir des programmes socio-éducatifs qui renforcent les valeurs démocratiques chez les jeunes
Relationship between hand dynamometer results and blood plasma lactic acid as indicators of muscle fatigue
No full textFatigue is a protective mechanism of the body that prevents continuous injury and allows recovery
after rest. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the results of examining the level of
muscle fatigue in the hands of computer operators between the measurement of the blood plasma
lactic acid method and the hand dynamometer method. This study was conducted using an
observational, cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of male computer operators
aged 20–30 years. The sample was selected based on the following inclusion criteria: no history of
specific medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, or kidney disorders, and at least
one year of experience as a computer operator. Based on these criteria, the final sample included 127
subjects. The results of the paired t-test showed a significant decrease in handgrip strength measured
with a dynamometer, with values of 43.25±3.32 before work and 41.45±3.62 after work (p<0.05).
Similarly, blood plasma lactic acid levels showed a significant increase, from 2.93±0.29 before work
to 3.67±0.57 after 4 hours of typing (p<0.05). These results indicate a relationship between handgrip
strength and lactic acid levels, supporting their use as indicators of arm muscle fatigue in computer
operators
Pleyel's intruments and their influence on the work Frédéric Chopin
No full textThe article examines the influence of Pleyel pianos on Frédéric Chopin's artistic and creative life within the flourishing piano culture of Paris in the first half of the 19th century. This city, which had become a veritable Pianopolis, was a center for the most innovative piano makers, including Érard, Pleyel, and Pape —and the leading European virtuosos. In this environment, Camille Pleyel modernised the family business, introducing technical advances that gave his instruments unique sound qualities. Chopin considered that Pleyel pianos responded sensitively to his playing and allowed him to express his ideal sound with precision: perfect legato, a vocal conception of piano sound and extraordinarily varied dynamics. The study shows how the sound aesthetics of Pleyel instruments influenced Chopin's aesthetics, providing an insight into his compositional and interpretative style.El artículo examina la influencia de los pianos Pleyel en la vida artística y creativa de Frédéric Chopin dentro de la floreciente cultura pianística del París de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En esta ciudad, convertida en una verdadera Pianópolis, coincidieron los constructores más innovadores —Érard, Pleyel y Pape— y los principales virtuosos europeos. En este entorno, Camille Pleyel modernizó la empresa familiar, introduciendo avances técnicos que otorgaron a sus instrumentos cualidades sonoras singulares. Chopin consideraba que los pianos Pleyel respondían con sensibilidad a su forma de tocar y le permitían expresar con precisión su ideal de sonido: un legato perfecto, un canto inspirado en la voz humana y una dinámica extraordinariamente variada. El estudio muestra cómo la estética sonora de los instrumentos Pleyel influyó en la estética de Chopin, lo que permite comprender su estilo compositivo e interpretativo
Homonymous Hemianopia unveiled: a treatable manifestation of cerebral convexity arachnoid cysts
No full textBioartificial human corneas generated by tissue engineering. A historical and technical review
No full textDifferent types of bioartificial corneas have been generated by tissue engineering through combining cells, biomaterials, and bioactive molecules. Orthotypical corneal cells can be obtained from corneal biopsies, and include epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells, whereas heterotypical cells are obtained from alternative cell sources with corneal differentiation potential, such as mesenchymal stem cells. In turn, two main types of biomaterials have been applied to corneal tissue engineering: those generated by the de-cellularization of natural tissues and biomaterials generated de novo using synthetic or natural biomaterials, especially collagen, fibrin, and agarose. Cells and biomaterials are combined with bioactive factors, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation. A review of previous studies revealed that most bioartificial corneas were not able to fulfill the complex requirements required for clinical translation, which include a thorough preclinical characterization, generation of the tissue as an advanced therapy medicinal product, a clinical research phase, and a final authorization by the European Medicines Agency or another competent regulatory agency. Most authorized products correspond to partial corneal substitutes consisting of one cell type associated or not with a scaffold, and only one product consisting of a human bioartificial cornea containing a fibrin-agarose scaffold and two corneal cell lineages (epithelial and stromal cells) called NANOULCOR was evaluated in patients in the context of an advanced therapy medicinal product. These findings confirm the existence of a bottleneck between basic and clinical research and suggest the need to implement novel clinical studies to develop new therapies that can improve the results of current corneal therapies
Dataset on Spanish medium-sized family firms: linking socioemotional wealth, HRM practices, and financial indicators
No full textThis article presents a dataset on 508 medium-sized Spanish family firms, collected between March and June 2016 through structured telephone interviews with CEOs or HR directors. The questionnaire covered four dimensions: family involvement and socioemotional wealth (SEW), human resource management (HRM) practices, financial strategies, and managerial demographics. To complement survey data, financial indicators were extracted from the SABI (Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos) database. The dataset integrates subjective managerial assessments with objective firm-level information, offering a unique resource for research on family business management, HRM, and financial policies. Variables include firm ownership and management, generational structures, SEW priorities, human capital and HRM practices, financial goals and capital access, as well as managers’ demographic characteristics. The database is released in cleaned, anonymized, and fully documented form (together with the questionnaire and a detailed codebook), enabling replication, comparative studies, and meta-analyses on family firms and related organizational topics
Pérez Zafrilla, P. J. (2024). Clásicos de la filosofía política: su influencia en la era de las redes sociales. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades, 359 pp. [Reseña bibliográfica]
No full textEs reseña del libro Clásicos de la filosofía política: su influencia en la era de las redes sociales / P. J. Pérez Zafrilla. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades
Translational and real-world evidence of trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6 plus pertuzumab in neoadjuvant HER2-positive early breast cancer
No full textBackground
Data on neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab biosimilars, particularly CT-P6, in combination with pertuzumab, are limited. This study evaluates the efficacy, tolerability, and immunogenicity of CT-P6 plus pertuzumab and chemotherapy, in routine clinical practice for HER2-positive early breast cancer, including translational biomarker analyses related to pathologic complete response (pCR).
Methods
Prospective, multicenter, observational study in 102 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. Patients received hospital-preferred neoadjuvant regimens protocols, with (scheme 1 and 3) or without anthracyclines (scheme 2). The primary endpoint was pCR, defined as the absence of invasive tumor in both the breast and axillary lymph nodes (ypT0/ypTis and ypN0). Translational endpoints included soluble HER2, anti-trastuzumab CT-P6 antibodies, and exploratory response-related modeling approaches supported by machine learning techniques.
Results
Among patients who underwent surgery, pCR (ypT0/ypTis and ypN0) was achieved in 57.43% of cases, with no significant differences between anthracycline-based and non-anthracycline-based regimens. Soluble HER2 and anti-trastuzumab CT-P6 antibodies were not significantly associated with pCR. Treatment was well-tolerated; the most relevant Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea (2.25%) and asthenia (0.50%). No immunogenicity or clinically relevant cardiotoxicity was observed.
Conclusions
Trastuzumab CT-P6 combined with pertuzumab and chemotherapy can be used in neoadjuvant treatment for HER2-positive early breast cancer, showing pCR rates comparable to the reference trastuzumab and without evidence of immunogenicity. Exploratory analyses of soluble HER2 and anti-trastuzumab CT-P6 antibodies did not demonstrate a significant association with pCR, although this possibility cannot be excluded. Their assessment contributes to the translational understanding of biosimilar integration into curative regimens
Marcadores antropométricos del ambiente hormonal prenatal y su relación con el riesgo y pronóstico del cáncer de mama
No full textIntroducción: La distancia anogenital (DAG) es la distancia comprendida entre el ano y los genitales. Se trata de un dimorfismo sexual característico de mamíferos placentarios, determinado durante el desarrollo fetal y que permanece estable en la edad adulta.Diversos estudios han sugerido que una DAG alargada podría reflejar una exposición aumentada a andrógenos o una disrupción endocrina durante el desarrollo intrauterino. Esta alteración hormonal podría tener implicaciones en la programación epigenética de tejidos sensibles a esteroides sexuales, como la glándula mamaria, y por tanto influir en la susceptibilidad al desarrollo de patologías hormonodependientes como es el caso del cáncer de mama. En esta línea, ya existen trabajos que intentan relacionar la DAG con el riesgo de padecer otros tipos de cáncer relacionados con el ambiente hormonal del paciente, como es el caso del cáncer de próstata en la edad adulta. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar la asociación entre la DAG y el riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres adultas. Métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de casos y controles (N=839), con 422 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama y 417 controles, todas residentes en la Región de Murcia y atendidas en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Se realizaron, sobre cada participante, medidas de la DAG en 2 variantes; DAGAC: desde el dorso del clítoris hasta el margen anal superior y DAGAF: desde inicio horquilla vulvar al margen anal superior.Resultados:Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. Las mujeres con cáncer de mama presentaron una DAGAC significativamente más larga (media: 85.0 mm vs 81.2 mm en controles; p<0.01) y una DAGAF más corta (media: 28.6 mm vs 29.8 mm; p=0.02). Estas diferencias se mantuvieron tras ajustar por edad e índice de masa corporal. El análisis por quintiles reveló un gradiente inverso de riesgo: a medida que la DAGAC disminuye, el riesgo de cáncer de mama también lo hace, siendo más pronunciado en mujeres premenopáusicas (OR ajustada en Q1: 0.31; IC 95%: 0.16-0.59; p=0.001). Este hallazgo sugiere que una DAGAC más larga podría estar asociada a una mayor susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama, especialmente en etapas tempranas de la vida reproductiva. Por el contrario, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las medidas de DAG entre los distintos subtipos moleculares del cáncer de mama (Luminal A, B, HER2 sobreexpresado, triple negativo), ni en relación con el perfil genómico de riesgo (Oncotype). Esto indica que la DAG podría actuar como marcador de susceptibilidad general al cáncer demama, más que como predictor de agresividad tumoral o pronóstico. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que la DAG, especialmente en su variante DAGAC, podría constituir un marcador clínico no invasivo, accesible y de bajo coste, útil en la estratificación del riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama. Su incorporación en estrategias de detección precoz podría mejorar la identificación de mujeres con mayor susceptibilidad, especialmente en contextos hormonales activos como la premenopausia.Background: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sexually dimorphic measure established during fetal development and remains stable throughout adulthood. It serves as a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure and has been linked to hormone-dependent conditions. Objective: The objective of this study consists on investigating the association between AGD and breast cancer risk in adult women. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 839 women (422 cases with breast cancer and 417 controls), all residents of the Region of Murcia and evaluated at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital. AGD was measured in two variants: AGDAC (ano-clitoral distance) and AGDAF (ano-fourchette distance). Statistical analyses included adjusted models for age and body mass index (BMI), and stratification by menopausal status.Results:Women with breast cancer exhibited a significantly longer AGDAC (mean: 85.0 mm vs. 81.2 mm; p<0.01) and a shorter AGDAF (mean: 28.6 mm vs. 29.8 mm; p=0.02) compared to controls. Quintile analysis revealed an inverse risk gradient for AGDAC, with the lowest quintile associated with reduced breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women (adjusted OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16-0.59; p=0.001). No significant associations were found between AGD and molecular subtypes of breast cancer or genomic risk profiles (Oncotype). Conclusion: AGD, especially AGDAC, may serve as a non-invasive, accessible, and low-cost clinical marker for breast cancer risk stratification. Its potential utility in early detection strategies is particularly relevant for identifying susceptibility in hormonally active populations such as premenopausal women