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Method for evaluating flexibility and changeability using the example of an omnidirectional conveyor system
No full textBedingt durch das Wachstum des Onlinehandels und durch die starken Auswirkungen der Covid19-Pandemie, steigt das weltweite Paketvolumen stetig an, was Logistiker vor neuen Herausforderungen stellt. Herkömmliche Materialflusssysteme, die die Logistiker zur Bewältigung des Paketaufkommens verwenden, können allerdings nicht schnell an die verändernden Bedingungen angepasst werden. Hoch performante und flexible Materialflusssysteme bieten hier entscheidende Vorteile. Umfragen unter Anwendern und Herstellern von Materialflusssystemen stellen fest, dass die Bedürfnisse der Anwender nicht ausreichend befriedigt werden. Herstellern fehlen oft Werkzeuge, um die Flexibilitätsbedürfnisse der Anwender richtig zu identifizieren, zu quantifizieren und als Folge davon zu adressieren. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrag wird daher eine Methode für die Bewertung der Flexibilität und Wandelbarkeit von Materialflusssystemen vorgestellt. Diese soll den Herstellern helfen, die Flexibilität und Wandelbarkeit von stationäre Materialflusssystemen zu messen und gezielt zu erhöhen, mit dem Ziel die Flexibilitätsbedürfnisse der Kunden besser zu adressieren. Die Methode wird mit der Entwicklung eines eigenes Fördersystem validiert.The increase in parcel volume due to the growth of online retailing, and most recently exacerbated by the Covid19 pandemic, pose new challenges for logistics providers. Conventional material flow systems, which are used by logistics providers, cannot be adapted quickly enough to the changing conditions. Highperformance and flexible material flow systems offer decisive advantages here. Surveys among users and manufacturers show that users' needs are not being adequately met. Manufacturers of material handling systems lack often tools to properly identify, quantify as well as address the flexibility needs of users. In this paper a method for the evaluation of the flexibility and changeability of material handling systems is presented, which should help manufacturers to measure and increase the flexibility and changeability of stationary material handling systems with the goal to better address the needs of the customers. The method is validated with the development of an own conveyor system
Simulation-based analysis of an in-plant digitized milk run system
No full textIm Produktionsprozess benötigte Verbrauchsmaterialien müssen fortwährend in ausreichenden Mengen bereitgestellt werden. Bei der Bereitstellung der Hilfs- und Betriebsstoffe am Arbeitsplatz gilt es, Verschwendungen zu vermeiden und den Fluss so effizient wie möglich zu gestalten. Dementsprechend wird in diesem Beitrag die Einführung eines digitalisierten Milk Run Systems in Kombination mit eKanban untersucht. Mit der Entwicklung eines Simulationsmodells werden das Konzept eines digitalisierten Systems abgebildet sowie Auswirkungen der Einführung eines solchen Systems untersucht und anhand entsprechender KPIs diskutiert.Consumables required in the production process must be provided in sufficient quantities at all times. When providing consumables at the workplace, it is important to avoid waste and to make the flow as efficient as possible. Accordingly, this paper examines the introduction of a digitalized milk run system in combination with eKanban. With the development of a simulation model, the concept of the system is illustrated and the effects of the introduction of such a digitalized system are examined and discussed on the basis of corresponding KPIs
Zur partizipativen Gestaltung von (digitalen) Lernangeboten in der betrieblichen (Weiter-)Bildung: eine empirische Modellentwicklung
No full textDigitale Transformationsprozesse sind zum Taktgeber zunehmender beruflicher (Weiter-)Bildung bzw. Kompetenzentwicklungsbedarfe geworden. Hierbei stellen sie gleichermaßen Unternehmen vor die Herausforderung, ihre Personal- und damit Organisationsentwicklung aktiv neu auszurichten sowie jede*n einzelne*n, selbstbestimmt und proaktiv ihre lebenslangen Lernprozesse in die Hand nehmen. Diese Bedarfslage kann durch (digitale) Lernangebote adressiert werden, die partizipativ gestaltet werden - nicht nur für die Lernenden, sondern mit diesen, wobei die Demokratisierung menschzentrierter Gestaltungsprozesse eine tragende Rolle einnimmt. Hieran besteht die Erwartung, eine höhere Einstellungs- und Nutzungsakzeptanz entsprechender Lernangebote sowie, hiermit einhergehend, gesteigerte Lernerfolge zu erzielen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf Basis von sechs Expert*Inneninterviews ein Modell zur partizipativen Gestaltung entwickelt, welches Handlungsempfehlungen und praxisnahe Begleitmaterialien umfasst, die den Transfer dahinterstehender Theorie sowie neuer Erkenntnisse in die betriebliche (Weiter-)Bildungspraxis unterstützen. Die theoretischen Ausführungen zur menschzentrierten und partizipativen Gestaltung im Allgemeinen werden dabei u.a. in Diskussionen sich verändernder beruflicher Anforderungsprofile, eine Verortung des Begriffs des digitalen Lernens sowie die Entwicklung von Lernkulturen in Unternehmen eingebettet.Digital transformation processes have become the pace setter for increasing (continuing) vocational education and competence development needs. At the same time, they challenge companies to actively realign their personnel and organizational development, as well as each individual taking charge of their lifelong learning in a self-determined and proactive manner. This need can be addressed by (digital) learning offers that are designed in a participatory way - not only for, but with the learners, whereby the democratization of human-centered design processes takes on a major role. The expectation is that this will lead to a higher user acceptance of corresponding learning opportunities, and thus to increased learning successes. In this study, a model for the participatory design of (digital) learning offers was developed on the basis of six expert interviews, which includes practical recommendations and accompanying materials that support the transfer of the underlying theory and findings into the practice of (continuing) vocational education. The theoretical underpinnings on human-centered design and participatory design in general are embedded in discussions of changing occupational requirement profiles, a definition of digital learning and the development of learning cultures in companies
Book Review: The responsibility of online intermediaries for illegal user content in the EU and in the US
No full textStart-ups and the proposed EU AI Act: Bridges or Barriers in the path from Invention to Innovation?
No full textStart-ups and small-scale providers play a crucial role in our tech and innovation-driven society. The advent of artificial intelligence may represent either a driving force or an insurmountable challenge for their growth and the setup of an AI regulatory framework is decisive in determining whether small-scale providers will encounter bridges or barriers during their innovation life-cycle. In this context, this article questions whether the recent European Commission proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act) presented on 21 April 2021 would, in practice, represent a catalyst or a hindrance to the AI innovation of start-ups. It presents the challenges that AI may pose for small-scale providers and analyses selected AI provisions in light of their needs and vulnerabilities. Further, it questions to what extent the envisaged measures in support of innovation are suited to tackle the current challenges and proposes new ways to construe more bridges in the path from Invention to Innovation
The Out-of-court dispute settlement mechanism in the Digital Services Act: A disservice to its own goals
No full textThe Digital Services Act (DSA), proposed by the EU Commission, introduces extensive content moderation rules for online platforms. Under Article 18 DSA, users whose content has been blocked or removed or whose account has been suspended by the platform are entitled to select a certified out-of-court dispute settlement body to resolve their disputes with the service provider. The author describes context and parties of online speech, examines conditions and consequences of this redress mechanism, and concludes that the proposed provision is flawed in several ways: it does not approximate different regulation, but promotes fragmentation and creates legal uncertainty; it does not provide criteria or standards for the complex factual and legal determinations and balancing of rights in the area of online speech; and with the incentives set by this regulation, it opens the field for a race to the bottom. While out-of-court dispute settlement mechanisms usually aim at a consensual solution, placing emphasis on interests, rather than on the legal positions of the parties or on the rights asserted, free speech disputes are strictly normative and do not lend themselves to a settlement by private bodies, but are reserved for the judiciary. Moreover, most platforms have established appeals mechanisms for their users already allowing for a second review. By further extending this redress mechanism to decisions based on the platforms’ community standards, the DSA frustrates existing ‘flagging’-systems established by the platform providers, and thereby doing a disservice to its own goals. In the outlook the author proposes to modernize and build on the existing infrastructure of the judiciary to address needs of private persons to pursue their rights and to ensure the quality of process and decision, rather than duplicating the existing court system by adding a redress system of private alternative dispute resolution (ADR) bodies
Disappearing Authorship: Ethical Protection of AI-Generated News from the Perspective of Copyright and Other Laws
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) has been widely recognized as an important game-changer in our digital society. With help of AI, we are currently able to automate a number of various tasks, including creation of visual, musical, or textual content. Ethical approach to design, development and utilization of AI systems as well as their legal compliance and robustness are defined as prerequisites of building trust and adoption of the technology. In this paper we analyze whether law supports ethics in the specific domain of automated journalism by examining principles of accountability, responsibility, and transparency (the ART principles) from the perspective of legal interests protected by copyright and other laws. Other factors influencing ethical decision-making process, namely specificities of a business model and perception of authorship, are also taken into account. We present results of a recent pilot qualitative study illustrating that perception of authorship is closely related to perception of agency and responsibility. Our findings show that the current Czech law neither incentivizes implementation of the ART principles nor perception of agency in relation to AI systems for automated journalism. Perception of disappearing authorship may, thus, also lead to perception of disappearing responsibility. In order to solve these problems, we suggest introduction of new legal obligations and adaptation of existing personal rights to protect authors involved in the design of AI systems
Great expectations: the Facebook case and subsequent legislative approaches to regulate large online platforms and digital markets
No full textIn recent years, the accumulation and entrenchment of power by a few large firms in the digital markets sector and the complementary decrease in the level of competition has become visible around the world. This could likely result in negative consequences for potential competitors, individuals and businesses that interact with these firms. In order to address this challenge, several jurisdictions have initiated the development of legislative tools to regulate these large firms. The first regulation of this type has been enforced by the German legislator and could therefore serve as a reference for other jurisdictions. In advance of practical experience, this paper will conduct a theoretical analysis of potential structural and data-related issues arising from this regulation. It will deduce that the regulation successfully addresses data-related concerns which have previously been confronted in the so-called Facebook case. The paper will also identify shortcomings in structural aspects, which will be confronted with a comparison to the UK approach for a similar regulatory tool. The results of the comparison will be summarised in a list of recommendations with the aims to improve the German regulation and to serve as guidance for similar approaches in other jurisdictions
Recommenders you can rely on: A legal and empirical perspective on the transparency and control individuals require to trust news personalisation
No full textThis article explores the role law can play to support trust in the context of news personalisation. The need to ensure trust in the face of technological changes in information dissemination is an important aspect of both recent horizontal legislation such as the Digital Services Act, as well as context-specific specific efforts surrounding for example disinformation. In these legal discussions, however, what trust is, why law should promote it, and what concrete measures are suitable to do so often remain ambiguous. This raises suspicions over whether trust is simply a selling point of traditional legal measures, and if not, what concrete role law can and should play to promote trust. This article focuses on the role control and transparency measures can play to safeguard trust in organisations that use news personalisation. It first analyses how trust should be understood in the context of news personalisation, how media regulation has traditionally supported trust, and how it should continue to do so in the context of news personalisation. It then draws on a conceptual framework of transparency measures in the context of news personalisation to survey how important different transparency and control measures are to the individuals who place trust in organisations that use personalisation. Law’s current focus on informing individuals about and empowering them to stop personalisation does not account for the importance of enabling individuals to control how news is personalised