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Impact of Prenatal Checkups of Mothers and Immunization of Children on the Health Status of Children (0-3 years) - A Study in Rural areas of Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh.
No full textBackground and objectives: A survey based study on rural areas of Aligarh District was conducted to assess the prenatal checkups pregnant women and its effects on health status of children between the age of (0-3 years), and immunization received by children and its effects on their health status. Methods: Five hundred children from five villages of rural areas of Aligarh District were randomly selected. For the purpose of the study, a self prepared structured interview schedule was used. To get the qualitative information of the study anthropometric measures include height weight were used for assessing growth pattern of the child. The stepwise analysis of two variables height for age and weight for age was done on the basis of Water low’s and Gomez’ classification. To examine the relationship between Health Status of the child and selected variable that affects Health Status of children, Chi-square test was employed. Results: Based on Gomez’ classification out of 88% mothers who did not go for prenatal ups majority 80% of children were underweight, and 80% of children who did not receive immunization majority 60% were underweight. Based on Waterlow’s classification majority 68% of children were stunted whose mother did not go for prenatal checkups and 50% of their children were stunted who did not receive immunization. Conclusion: Majority of children were stunted whose mother did not go for prenatal checkup and the children who did not receive immunization
Energy Cost and Gait Efficiency of Below-Knee Amputee and Normal Subject with Similar Physical Parameters & Quality of Life: A Comparative Case Study
No full textThe study focused on the comparative analysis of energy cost and gait efficiency between a below knee (BK) amputee and a reference subject (without amputation). It also attempted to indicate the specific feature responsible for a controlled gait with optimum energy cost for BK amputees. Selection criteria of the subjects were similar physical parameters and quality of life studied with WHOQOL-100 quality of life assessment. A Cosmed® k4 b2 Respiratory Analyzer system was used for the measurement of Oxygen Uptake (VO2), Energy Expenditure per minute (EE) and Heart Rate (HR). Gait efficiency (p < 0.0002) was found higher for BK amputee than normal subject. The therapeutic activities and mainly walking rhythm contributed to improve the mobility & balance. This ensures the optimum time & co-ordination of movements and hence improves the gait efficiency for the BK amputee. Comparison with control group was performed to validate the data
Non-eliminative Reductionism: Reconciling Qualia and Physicalism
No full textA physicalist view of qualia labelled non-eliminative reductionism is outlined. If it is true, qualia and physicalism can co-exist without difficulty. First, qualia present no particular problem for reductionist physicalism - they are entirely physical, can be studied and explained using the standard scientific approach, and present no problem any harder than any other scientists face. Second, reductionist physicalism presents no particular problem for qualia – they can be encompassed within an entirely physicalist position without any necessity, either to reduce them to non-existence, or to treat them as new fundamental properties. It is suggested that the position also has sufficient explanatory power to successfully deal with the 'why like anything – why does experience exist at all' question and to counter both Chalmers' Conceivability Argument and Jackson's Knowledge Argument
Lass die Ohren nicht hängen! Eine Studie zur Wirkung der Ohrensprache eines Kommunikationsroboters in Hasenform
No full textIm Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie über die Wirkung des nonverbalen Verhaltens des Kommunikationsroboters Nabaztag und deren Implikation für das Nutzererleben dargestellt. 100 Probanden in Deutschland wurden Fotos des Hasen gezeigt, auf denen dieser verschiedene Ohrenpositionen hatte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit den Positionen der Ohren, dem Hasen verschiedene Gefühlszustände zugeschrieben werden. Diese Ergebnisse sind vor dem Hintergrund eines gezielten matchings zwischen verbalen und nonverbalen Kommunikationsinhalten, aber auch für ein stimmiges Nutzererleben, und damit für den Nutzungsspaß, von essentieller Bedeutung
A study of factors delaying hospital arrival and predictors of mortality in patients presenting to emergency department with stroke: A developing state scenario
No full textBackground: Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke has recently become available in India but its success depends on initiating the treatment in the narrow therapeutic time window. There is commonly a delay of several hours before patients with acute stroke seek medical attention. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted to assess the factors influencing this delay in admission of acute stroke cases. 134cases (101 males, 33 females) of acute stroke that arrived within 72 hours at our hospital casualty were recruited. A standardized structured questionnaire was given to patients or their attendants. Results: The median time to casualty arrival was 9 hours with 13.4% cases arriving within 3 hours and 36.5 % cases within 6 hours. Distances from hospital, referral, belief in myths and alternate medicine and low threat perception of symptoms of stroke were independent factors associated with delay in arrival. Living in city, day time onset, urgency shown by attendant, availability of transport and presence of family history were associated with early arrival. There was no correlation with patients' or attendants' sex, educational status, history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, subtype or severity of stroke, time of stroke and availability of transport. 134 patients (65.7% were from rural population, 55.22%-smokers, 46.76%-alcoholics) with mean (SD) age of 53.83+/-18.02years [significantly lower in females (mean difference=9.73years p=0.002)], were admitted and diagnosed to have stroke. 87.3% had first episode of stroke and 12.7 had more than one episode of stroke. ICF rate was 26.1%. ICF rate has no relation with age (p=0.516), sex (p=0.460), number of episodes (0.795), underlying hypertension (p=0.905). Odds of diabetics dying were 12 times higher than non-diabetics. Inpatient mortality was also significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (p=0.004), in patients with right-sided compared with left-sided hemiplegic (p=0.029) and who couldn’t afford computed tomography (CT) scan (p=0.007). Kaplan Meier curve in Image-1 shows the survival following admission to emergency ward. Conclusion: Adequate measures need to be taken to improve the public awareness of stroke and the role of local doctors. Our study has shown that active smokers, involvement of the right side and non performance of CT were independent predictors of mortality which have not been shown earlier. Also, we found that diabetes mellitus is independent predictor of mortality in stroke, which has been seen in earlier studies too
Dual-hop transmissions with fixed-gain relays over Generalized-Gamma fading channels
No full textIn this paper, a study on the end-to-end performance of dual-hop wireless communication systems equipped with fixed-gain relays and operating over Generalized-Gamma (GG) fading channels is presented. A novel closed form expression for the moments of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived. The average bit error probability for coherent and non-coherent modulation schemes as well as the end-to-end outage probability of the considered system are also studied. Extensive numerically evaluated and computer simulations results are presented that verify the accuracy of the proposed mathematical analysis.\u
An Agent-based Simulation of the Effectiveness of Creative Leadership\ud
No full textThis paper investigates the effectiveness of creative versus\ud
uncreative leadership using EVOC, an agent-based model of\ud
cultural evolution. Each iteration, each agent in the artificial society invents a new action, or imitates a neighbor’s action. Only the leader’s actions can be imitated by all other agents, referred to as followers. Two measures of creativity were used: (1) invention-to-imitation ratio, iLeader, which measures how often an agent invents, and (2) rate of conceptual change, cLeader, which measures how creative an invention is. High iLeader increased mean fitness of ideas, but only when creativity of followers was low. High iLeader was associated with greater diversity of ideas in the early stage of idea generation only. High Leader increased mean fitness of ideas in the early stage of idea generation; in the later stage it decreased idea fitness. Reasons for these findings and tentative implications for creative leadership in human society are discussed
Integration, Information Thresholds, and Arrangement in\ud Mindamic: A Probabilistic Causation Analysis
No full textThe objective of the research was to scrutinize probabilistic\ud
causalities between integration, information thresholds, and\ud
arrangement in mind dynamic. Data obtained from videotaped\ud
sessions with structured observation. The participants had to\ud
accomplish four tasks. The participants were 39 females, and 83\ud
males. Reliability and validity assessed as probabilities. The\ud
frequencies converted into probability matrices, and sampling\ud
without replacement was necessary. Thereafter, a causal state\ud
space originated, and maintained through Householder matrices.\ud
The Bayes formula with joint distributions in a matrix form\ud
applied to result in the start matrix for the causal dynamic.\ud
The reduced start array matrix powered from 1 to 6. There are\ud
the probabilistic causalities between the integration, the\ud
thresholds, and the arrangement. Theoretic results show. It is\ud
the entire mind of the persons strives to form patterns for the\ud
causal functioning, continuously. Furthermore, the whole mind\ud
conveys mental contents under the same patterns. The patterns\ud
remain but the contents of the processes differ during the\ud
mindamic
Impact of Educational Intervention Measures on Knowledge regarding HIV/ Occupational Exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Final Year Nursing Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
No full textAmongst the different Health Care Personnel nurses are at a greater risk of being accidentally exposed to HIV and other Blood Borne Pathogens. The present study was conducted among 50 final year nursing students of a Medical College Hospital to assess the knowledge regarding HIV, occupational exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) among the students and analyses the impact of educational intervention measures on the issues amongst the study subjects. A Pre-designed and Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of knowledge before and after educational intervention sessions. Knowledge regarding risk of transmission of HIV by needle-stick injury and body fluids against which universal precautions were mandatory increased by 72% following the intervention sessions (χ2 = 53.202, p <0.001). 72% and 36% respondents correctly knew the duration within which to start PEP and the drugs available for PEP, post educational sessions 98% and 96% students were aware of it: the difference being statistically significant (χ2 = 11.294, p <0.001) and (χ2 = 37.748, p <0.001) respectively. The mean pre-intervention score was 8.32; mean post-intervention score was 14.40: statistical analysis showed the results to be significant (t= 13.857, p< 0.001). The study reflects that there is a dearth of knowledge among the study group. Incorporating the concerned issues in the academic curriculum to provide the students with adequate knowledge and information during their formative years is needed
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Normolipidemic Acute Myocardial Infarct Patients on Admission – Do Dietary Fruits and Vegetables Offer Any Benefits?
No full textBackground: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in India. Whether dietary vitamins could reduce risk of cardiovascular disease among Indians is still not clear and very few studies have addressed the association between dietary vitamin acting as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant and its effect on risk reduction or aggravation in normolipidemic AMI patients. Objective: The goal of the current study was to address the association between dietary vitamin and cardiovascular risk in normolipidemic acute myocardial infarct patients compared with healthy controls. Design: Dietary intake of vitamins was assessed by 131 food frequency questionnaire items in both AMI patients and age/sex-matched controls. The associated changes in risk factors due to antioxidant vitamins intake was also assessed in normolipidemic acute myocardial patients and was compared with controls. Results: Dietary intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, B3 was significantly higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls but the intake of vitamin C was significantly higher in controls compared to AMI patients. Even though the vitamins intake was higher in patients, the associated cardiovascular risk factors were not reduced compared to controls. The total cholesterol, LDL-c, TAG were significantly higher (p<0.001) in AMI patients except HDL-c which was significantly higher (p<0.001) in controls. The endogenous antioxidants were found to be significantly lowered in patients compared to controls in spite of higher vitamin intake. Similarly the enzymatic antioxidants were also significantly lowered in patients. The mean serum Lipoprotein (a) malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene (CD) levels in patients were significantly elevated compared with controls. The levels of caeruloplasmin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ischemia-modified albumin were significantly higher but arylesterase activities were lowered in patients. Conclusion: Diets rich in vegetables and fruits do not seem to reduce the cardiovascular risk in normolipidemic AMI patients among Indians and Sri Lankans