4276 research outputs found
Sort by
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders (Adhd) And Substance Use Disorders: Overlap, Coincidence Or Fate?
No full textThe link among ADHD and addiction is increasingly shifting into the focus of scientific study. It becomes obvious that ADHD functions as a risk factor and condition for dependence. Disturbances in psychosocial functioning and the tendency towards substance abuse are highly correlated. Objective: This overview relies on a Medline research. Its objective is to describe the joint characteristics among ADHD and addiction. We especially focus on the neurobiological similarities between both diseases. Results: The results of this literature review support the hypothesis of a close genetic, neurological and phenotypic linkage between ADHD and addiction. Furthermore, ADHD often serves as the source for substance abuse disorders among youths and adults. Conclusions: The increasing clinical meaning of the overlap among ADHD and addiction urgently necessitates for consideration regarding preventive planning
Using Feature Weights to Improve Performance of Neural Networks
No full textDifferent features have different relevance to a particular learning problem. Some features are less relevant; while some very important. Instead of selecting the most relevant features using feature selection, an algorithm can be given this knowledge of feature importance based on expert opinion or prior learning. Learning can be faster and more accurate if learners take feature importance into account. Correlation aided Neural Networks (CANN) is presented which is such an algorithm. CANN treats feature importance as the correlation coefficient between the target attribute and the features. CANN modifies normal feed-forward Neural Network to fit both correlation values and training data. Empirical evaluation shows that CANN is faster and more accurate than applying the two step approach of feature selection and then using normal learning algorithms
Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity Among School Adolescents of Gandhinagar District, Gujarat
No full textObjective: To study the prevalence of ocular morbidity (abnormal condition) and various factors affecting it among school attending adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to study abnormal ocular conditions like refractive errors, vitamin A deficiency, conjunctivitis, trachoma, ocular trauma, blephritis, stye, color blindness and pterygium among school adolescents of 10-19 years age in rural and urban areas of Gandhinagar district from January to July, 2009. Systematic sampling was done to select 20 schools having 6th to 12th standard education including 12 schools from rural and 8 from urban areas. Six adolescents from each age year (10-19) were selected randomly to achieve sample size of 60 from each school. In total, 1206 adolescents including 691 boys and 515 girls were selected. Information was collected from selected adolescents by using proforma. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen’s chart and all participants underwent an ophthalmic examination carried out by a trained doctor. Results: Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school adolescents was reported 13% (7.8% in boys, 5.6% in girls); with 5.2% have moderate visual impairment. Refractive error was most common ocular morbidity (40%) both among boys and girls. Almost 30% of boys and girls reported vitamin A deficiency in various forms of xerophthalmia. Prevalence of night blindness was 0.91% and of Bitot`s spot 1.74%. Various factors like, illiterate or lower parents’ education, lower socio-economic class and malnutrition were significantly associated with ocular morbidity. Conclusion: Ocular morbidity in adolescents is mainly due to refractive error, moderate visual impairment and xerophthalmia
Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma
No full textPrimary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma (PFTC) is rare and accounts for about 0.3% of all gynecologic cancers. Less than 1500 cases have been reported in the literature. It arises in postmenopausal women and typically presents with abdominal pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding and watery discharge. However, a correct diagnosis is rarely achieved preoperative, and in many cases, the diagnosis is made after incidental surgery for unrelated conditions commonly being ovarian carcinoma . Compared with ovarian carcinoma, PFTC more often presents at early stages, but it has a worse prognosis. PFTC is usually managed in the same manner as ovarian cancer. We report a case of Left PFTC that presented as Left ovarian mass, and we briefly review the literature
Elastic membrane based model of human perception
No full textIn this work a new approach to multidimensional geometry and multidimensional physics based on smooth infinitesimal analysis (SIA) is proposed. Reality may be considered as the process of time evolution of holistic energetically very weak macro objects - elastic membranes with the geometry based on smooth infinitesimal analysis. An embedded membrane in this multidimensional world will look different for the external and internal observers: from the outside it will look like a material object with smooth infinitesimal geometry, while from the inside our Universe-like space-time fabric. It is shown that our perception may be considered as the result of elastic oscillations of two dimensional elastic membranes with closed topology embedded in our bodies. Only one elastic membrane responsible for its perceptions will correspond to the selected organism, but there may be other membranes, even at the cell level. Elastic membranes stretch and propagate along the direction of attentive focus and occupy energetically favorable positions around microtubules involved into ORch OR. According to the model ORch OR and the elastic membrane corresponding to the living organism are closely connected and support each other
Effect of obesity on autonomic nervous system
No full textThe present study was carried out on 100 volunteers of which 50 subjects with BMI > 30kg/m2 were included in study group and 50 subjects with BMI < 30kg/m2 (non obese) were included in control group. The functioning of Autonomic nervous system was evaluated by six non-invasive tests- four of which were based mainly on parasympathetic control (30:15 ratio, standing to lying ratio (S/L ratio), expiration/inspiration ratio (E/I ratio) and valsalva maneuver) and two on sympathetic control (Blood pressure response to standing and cold pressor test). The results of the present study showed significantly low (p=0.001) S/L ratio in study group (1.04 ± 0.12) when compared to controls (1.12 ± 0.11) indicating impaired parasympathetic function. The mean change in sytolic blood pressure before and after cold pressor test (CPT) was less in study group (7.12 ± 5.28) as compared to control group (10.38 ± 6.35) and this was statistically significant (p=0.006) indicating impaired sympatheitc function. Thus ,in obese both division of ANS are affected which may be the cause of various cardiovascular complications
Viral Hepatitis And Enzyme Study
No full textThe present study was undertaken in sixty patients of viral hepatitis of both sexes ranging 20 to 60 yrs. of age to compare serum levels or 5’Nucleotidase, Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase & serum bilirubin. Forty of clinically healthy subjects were taken as control group. These were patient’s attendants without any evidence of liver disease so as to equlibriate the socioeconomic status and age. The study group patients were either admitted to Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, or attending the OPD. A detailed clinical examination was carried out in all as per plan mentioned in materials & methods. Diagnosis of these patients was based on clinical findings. Endeavour was to find out a single enzyme marker which is most specific and sensitive parameter out of all above. It was later concluded that value of 5’ NT was highly significant as compared to ALP. A positive correlation was observed between AST, ALT & serum bilirubin level. But 5’ NT showed no correlation with aminotransferases
Multilocular Cystic Nephroma – A Surgical and Radiological Dilemma
No full textMultilocular cystic nephroma is a slow growing benign renal tumor. It has been identified as exclusive adult lesion, more common in females. It commonly occurs as an asymtomatic mass, occasionally with hematuria. Clinical presentation & radiological features puts urologist under dilemma. Only a few studies have correlated the Bosniak renal cyst classification with pathological findings; none of them has managed to recruit many patients, and all have case selection bias. Although new imaging techniques are available, surgical excision and histological analysis of the tumor are the only effective methods to distinguish benign from malignant cystic lesions of the kidney. Here in we present a case to highlight the need for proper diagnosis and designation of these tumors. These renal tumors are benign and carry an excellent prognosis
Does Visual Spatial Awareness Require the Visual Awareness of Space?
No full textMany philosophers have held that it is not possible to experience a spatial object, property, or relation except against the background of an intact awareness of a space that is somehow ‘absolute’. This paper challenges that claim, by analyzing in detail the case of a brain-damaged subject whose visual experiences seem to have violated this condition: spatial objects and properties were present in his visual experience, but space itself was not. I go on to suggest that phenomenological argumentation can give us a kind of evidence about the nature of the mind even if this evidence is not absolutely incorrigible
Measuring Similarity in Large-Scale Folksonomies
No full textSocial (or folksonomic) tagging has become a very popular way to describe content within Web 2.0 websites. Unlike\ud
taxonomies, which overimpose a hierarchical categorisation of content, folksonomies enable end-users to freely create and choose the categories (in this case, tags) that best\ud
describe some content. However, as tags are informally de-\ud
fined, continually changing, and ungoverned, social tagging\ud
has often been criticised for lowering, rather than increasing, the efficiency of searching, due to the number of synonyms, homonyms, polysemy, as well as the heterogeneity of\ud
users and the noise they introduce. To address this issue, a\ud
variety of approaches have been proposed that recommend\ud
users what tags to use, both when labelling and when looking for resources. As we illustrate in this paper, real world\ud
folksonomies are characterized by power law distributions\ud
of tags, over which commonly used similarity metrics, including the Jaccard coefficient and the cosine similarity, fail\ud
to compute. We thus propose a novel metric, specifically\ud
developed to capture similarity in large-scale folksonomies,\ud
that is based on a mutual reinforcement principle: that is,\ud
two tags are deemed similar if they have been associated to\ud
similar resources, and vice-versa two resources are deemed\ud
similar if they have been labelled by similar tags. We offer an efficient realisation of this similarity metric, and assess its quality experimentally, by comparing it against cosine similarity, on three large-scale datasets, namely Bibsonomy, MovieLens and CiteULike