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Mixed Mucinous Carcinoma of the Male Breast
No full textMale breast malignancy is extremely rare, representing less than 1% of all breast carcinomas. Infiltrating duct carcinoma is the commonest subtype. Pure mucinous carcinoma and mixed mucinous carcinoma wherein there are components of both mucinous carcinoma and infiltrating duct carcinoma are rare tumours constituting 1.5-5% in women and are even rarer in men. We present here a case of mixed mucinous carcinoma of the breast with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes in a male patient
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
No full textRenal cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the kidney comprised of different histological variants. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mainly diagnosed in the sixth decade of life. It is important to identify this entity because it has significantly better prognosis than the clear cell (conventional) and papillary renal cell carcinomas. The chromophobe renal cell carcinoma should be differentiated from oncocytoma and clear cell carcinoma. We report a case of a 70 year-old male who presented with a six month history of hematuria, left sided flank pain and a palpable non-tender lump in the left lumbar region. On radiology, the possibility of a left renal neoplasm was raised. A left radical nephrectomy was done and histopathological diagnosis of Type 2 (mixed) chromophobe renal cell carcinoma was given. We present this case owing to its relative rarity of incidence, difficulties encountered and differential diagnoses to be considered during diagnosis as the prognosis and management protocols differ with different variants
Chronic Pancreatitis Presenting as Recurrent Pleural Effusion
No full textChronic Pancreatitis presenting as recurrent pleural effusion is an uncommon and often unrecognized clinical syndrome. The effusion frequently occurs without clinical evidence of pancreatitis, but occasionally it may be associated with calcification and pseudocyst of the pancreas. They usually presents as an exudative effusion of unknown cause and characterized by very high levels of amylase in the pleural fluid. In this report, a case of massive pancreatic pleural effusions are presented which was recurrent initially right sided and few month later left side
Effect of Obesity on Arch Index in Young Adults
No full textBackground: Excessive increases in weight bearing forces caused by obesity may negatively affect the lower limbs and feet but minimal research has examined the long-term loading effects of obesity on the musculoskeletal system, particularly in reference to the feet. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on medial longitudinal arch of foot in young adults. Method: 60 subjects, 30 obese & 30 non obese were assessed for height & weight using standard technique. Radiographic images under static condition were used for calculating the arch index. Result: The arch index of obese subjects was significantly lower than the non obese subjects & there is a negative correlation between the BMI & the arch index. Conclusion: These results suggests that obesity lowers the medial longitudinal arch of foot
Epitheloid Variant of Angiomyolipoma in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis.
No full textEpitheloid angiomyolipoma of kidney is a type of Perivascular endothelial cell derived tumor with an aggressive behaviour with specific pathological, immunohistochemistrical and genetic characteristics. They can occur in a pure form or in assosciation with classical angiomyolipoma. It can be assosciated with tuberous sclerosis in 50% of cases. Our case is a possible case of tuberous sclerosis with epitheloid angiomyolipoma, hepatic angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis with normal MRI brain and no cutaneous features. Radical nephrectomy with biopsy of hepatic lesion was performed. Histopathological examination revealed epitheloid variant with features of angiomyolipoma. It is six months post surgery and patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence. Epitheloid angiomyolipoma is a rare malignancy with only 120 cases reported in literature
The GIST of Concepts
No full textA unified general theory of human concept learning based on the idea that humans detect invariance patterns in categorical stimuli as a necessary precursor to concept formation is proposed and tested. In GIST (generalized invariance structure theory) invariants are detected via a perturbation mechanism of dimension suppression referred to as dimensional binding. Structural information acquired by this process is stored as a compound memory trace termed an ideotype. Ideotypes inform the subsystems that are responsible for learnability judgments, rule formation, and other types of concept representations. We show that GIST is more general (e.g., it works on continuous, semi-continuous, and binary stimuli) and makes much more accurate predictions than the leading models of concept learning difficulty,such as those based on a complexity reduction principle (e.g., number of mental models,structural invariance, algebraic complexity, and minimal description length) and those based on selective attention and similarity (GCM, ALCOVE, and SUSTAIN). GIST unifies these two key aspects of concept learning and categorization. Empirical evidence from three\ud
experiments corroborates the predictions made by the theory and its core model which we propose as a candidate law of human conceptual behavior
Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency
No full textDue to the effect of citation impact on The Higher Education (THE) world university ranking system, most of the researchers are looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. This paper by reviewing the relevant articles extracts 33 different ways for increasing the citations possibilities. The results show that the article visibility has tended to receive more download and citations. This is probably the first study to collect over 30 different ways to improve the citation record. Further study is needed to explore and expand these techniques in specific fields of study in order to make the results more precisely
Diffusion Tensor Tractography Demonstration of Partially Injured Spinal Cord Tracts in a Patient with Posttraumatic Brown Sequard Syndrome
No full textDiffusion tractography is a new imaging technique to display the traumatic region for valuable preoperative information with prognostic significance. We present a case of 54 year male with quadriparesis showing reduced FA values and increased ADC in injured segment with depiction of disrupted tracts on tractography.In the near future, DTI will become a part of routine imaging in trauma patients as experience with this novel method gains acceptance
Theories of Consciousness as Reflexivity
No full textConsciousness is best understood in context, as one element of an interactive waking state in which the greater part of cognitive processing takes place in a nonconscious fashion. But if conscious and nonconscious processing are combined in the waking state, what distinguishes the former form the latter, what is consciousness, and what is its purpose? The answer to the second question depends crucially on our conclusion regarding the first. What is the property in virtue of which a state is conscious rather than nonconscious? In the following, it will be argued that of the answers most frequently proposed—intentionality, subjectivity, accessibility, reflexivity—only the final characteristic, reflexive, autonoetic awareness, is unique to the conscious state. Reflexivity can best be explained not as the product of a self-representational data structure, but as the expression of a recursive processing regime, in which cognition registers the properties of the processing state to a greater extent than properties of the content represented. And the principal characteristic of a reflexive processing state is cognitive reflexivity or autonoetic awarenes
Evaluation of Supplementary Nutrition Activities under Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) at Anganwadi Centres of Different Districts of Gujarat
No full textThe ICDS program aims at enhancing survival and development of children from the vulnerable sections of the society. The present study was conducted to assess supplementary nutrition (SN) activities and its related issues at anganwadi centres. Material and methods: Total 60 anganwadi centres were selected including 46 anganwadi centres (AWCs) from rural area and 14 AWCs from urban area during April 2012 to March 2013 from 12 districts of Gujarat. Five AWCs were selected from one district randomly. Detailed information was collected related to beneficiary’s coverage for SN, type of food provided under SN, and various issues related to supplementary nutrition at anganwadi centres. Results: High coverage of receiving SN among enrolled was reported in pregnant mothers (88.3%), lactating mothers (91.7%) and adolescents (86.7%). Only 25% AWCs were providing hot cooked food (HCF) to 3 to 6 years children. Less than half of the AWCs were providing ready to eat (RTE) food to 6 months to 3 years children (48.3%), pregnant (46.7%) and lactating (46.7%) mothers, and adolescents (45.0%). Total 38.3% AWCs reported shortage of SN supply, more in rural (41.3%) compare to urban (28.6%). Various problems were reported by anganwadi workers related to SN like lack of storage facility, non availability of separate kitchen, poor quality of food, irregular supply, inadequate supply, and fuel problem. Conclusion: The regular and adequate supply of SN will improve the provision of hot cooked food, ready to eat food and take home ration to the beneficiaries as per the norms, leading to improvement of overall nutritional status of the community