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Complexity over Uncertainty in Generalized Representational\ud Information Theory (GRIT): A Structure-Sensitive General\ud Theory of Information
No full textWhat is information? Although researchers have used the construct of information liberally to refer to pertinent forms of domain-specific knowledge, relatively few have attempted to generalize and standardize the construct. Shannon and Weaver(1949)offered the best known attempt at a quantitative generalization in terms of the number of discriminable symbols required to communicate the state of an uncertain event. This idea, although useful, does not capture the role that structural context and complexity play in the process of understanding an event as being informative. In what follows, we discuss the limitations and futility of any generalization (and particularly, Shannon’s) that is not based on the way that agents extract patterns from their environment. More specifically, we shall argue that agent concept acquisition, and not the communication of\ud
states of uncertainty, lie at the heart of generalized information, and that the best way of characterizing information is via the relative gain or loss in concept complexity that is experienced when a set of known entities (regardless of their nature or domain of origin) changes. We show that Representational Information Theory perfectly captures this crucial aspect of information and conclude with the first generalization of Representational Information Theory (RIT) to continuous domains
Reproductive Wastage in Recurrent Partial Hydatidiform Mole: A Clinical Dilemma.
No full textRecurrent partial Hydatidiform mole is an extremely rare clinical entity which represent a part of the gestational trophoblatic neoplasia spectrum. Since the first case was reported by Honore. LM in 1987 about eight cases of , recurrent partial moles have been reported in the English medical literature. Present two cases are the 9th and 10th case with recurrent partial moles to be described. We have discussed the aetiology, environmental factors, dietary habits , clinicopathologic features, the clinical dielemmas faced by us while counselling, follow up and pregnancy outcome in women presenting with two and three recurrent partial moles respectively. We have also reviewed the literature
Studying sign processes in the emergence of communication
No full textCommunication depends on the production and interpretation \ud
of representations, but the study of representational processes \ud
underlying communication finds little discussion in \ud
computational experiments. Here we present an experiment \ud
on the emergence of both interpretation and production of \ud
multiple representations, with multiple referents, where \ud
referential processes can be tracked. Results show the \ud
dynamics of semiotic processes during the evolution of \ud
artificial creatures and the emergence of a variety of semiotic \ud
processes, such as sign production, sign interpretation, and \ud
sign-object-interpretant relations
A Rare Case of Post Septic Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis
No full textTemporomandibular joint ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. It is a major clinical problem that affects many patients suffering from facial trauma, infection or systemic disease. The treatment of Temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. This report describe a rare case of a 16 year-man with complete inability to open his mouth, diagnosed with unilateral post septic left bony Temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The surgical approach consisted of gap arthroplasty followed by vigorous physiotherapy
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
No full textHypothyroidism is an uncommon cause of ascites. Here we describe a case of a 75 year-old female patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subclinical hypothyroidism that resolved with thyroid replacement and antibiotic therapy respectively. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a gram-positive bacterium on gram staining. A review of the literature revealed just one other reported case of myxoedema ascites with concomitant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and no case has till been reported of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in subclinical hypothyroidism
Vigorous Oil Massage in a Neonate: Cause for Fracture
No full textMassaging the newborn has been a tradition in India and other Asian countries since time immemorial. There are many benefits of traditional oil massage. Although considered as a safe practice with no significant harmful effects, rarely if performed improperly baby may end up having adverse effects like fracture. We report a forearm fracture in a neonate following vigorous oil massage. A 15 days old male baby was brought with the complaints of reduced movement, pain and swelling in right forearm of one day duration. The baby was born full term to a non consanguineous parent. His birth weight was 3.12kg and APGAR score was good. Post natal period was uneventful except for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for which he had received phototherapy. At home he was getting daily oil massage and bath by traditional techniques. On examination there was diffuse, tender swelling on the ventral aspect of right forearm which was firm in consistency and there was paucity of movement. X ray revealed fracture of proximal radius and middle third of ulna. Skeletal survey did not reveal any other fracture. Baby was treated with a short arm, below the elbow cast. Absence of family history and no other bone involvement made osteogenesis imperfecta and child abuse less likely. In conclusion simple causes like oil massage also to be kept in mind in dealing with neonatal fractures
Model Prediction-Based Approach to Fault Tolerant Control with Applications
No full textAbstract— Fault-tolerant control (FTC) is an integral component in industrial processes as it enables the system to continue robust operation under some conditions. In this paper, an FTC scheme is proposed for interconnected systems within an integrated design framework to yield a timely monitoring and detection of fault and reconfiguring the controller according to those faults. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based fault detection and diagnosis system is initially run on the main plant and parameter estimation is being done for the local faults. This critical information\ud
is shared through information fusion to the main system where the whole system is being decentralized using the overlapping decomposition technique. Using this parameter estimates of decentralized subsystems, a model predictive control (MPC) adjusts its parameters according to the\ud
fault scenarios thereby striving to maintain the stability of the system. Experimental results on interconnected continuous time stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with recycle and quadruple tank system indicate that the proposed method is capable to correctly identify various faults, and then controlling the system under some conditions
Prevalence and Pattern of Consanguineous Marriages Among Different Communities in Mangalore
No full textIntroduction: Consanguineous marriages are a common practice in the Middle East, Asian and African populations. Many studies have stated an association between first cousin marriages and the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases and congenital malformations. High frequency of consanguinity is reported by researchers among South India. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and type of consanguineous marriages among the different communities of Mangalore. Methods: This study was conducted on 1164 married women in Mangalore to investigate the prevalence and type of consanguineous marriages. All the women were interviewed personally using a structured questionnaire. Family pedigree was constructed to study the type of consanguineous marriages. Data analysis was done by SPSS Win 13.0. Results: A low percentage of consanguinity (6.53%) was observed with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.0339. Frequency of consanguinity between religions was highly significant. Of these the most frequent were first cousin marriages (43.42%). Within Hindu religion the highest rate of consanguinity was among the Billavas (47.62%) of which the most frequent were distant relative marriages (75%) followed by second cousin marriages (57.14%). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of the types of consanguinity between the religions and also between the different groups among Hindus. Conclusion: The frequency of consanguinity was found to be low in Mangalore. The findings contradict with the earlier reports of high prevalence of consanguineous marriages in South India. Increased female education, increased socio-economic status and decrease in parental decisions in marriages may be the reasons
Intracardiac Calcification - An Interesting Chest X-ray Report.
No full textWe report a case of chest X-ray finding of mitral annular calcification. Mitral annular calcification is a degenerative process involving the fibrous annulus of the mitral valve. It is generally an incidental finding associated with aging and atherosclerosis. It may lead to significant mitral regurgitation and can rarely cause symptomatic mitral stenosis. In addition, mitral annulus calcification may be associated with atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrhythmia. Calcification of mitral annulus in the chest X-ray generally follows the C-shape of the mitral annulus. Confirmation is by echocardiography. Symptomatic cases require repair by surgery
Adolescent Neuroblastoma of Lower Limb
No full textNeuroblastoma is an embryonic tumour of neural crest origin, commonly seen in children with upper abdomen involvement. Rarely neuroblastomas present in adolescents and adults involving lower limb. Histopathologically neuroblastoma of lower limb can be confused with other small round cell tumour especially with Ewing’s sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. A 16 year old male presented with 15x11cm swelling, pain and multiple discharging sinuses of right leg since 4 months. Routine haematological and biochemical analysis were within normal limits. Radiology of right leg showed large soft tissue swelling encompassing the pathological fracture of tibia and bowing of fibula. Fine needle aspiration of the swelling revealed malignant small round cell tumour. Histopathology revealed poorly differentiated neuroblastoma of lower limb. The immunohistochemistry of Synaptophysin and Chromogranin were positive and CD 99 was negative. Neuroblastoma diagnosed at unusual site with uncommon age has poor prognosis. Hence, one must keep in mind the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma as one of the differential diagnosis in evaluating the soft tissue tumours of lower limb