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Sexual health education for children and young people with autism and/or intellectual/development disabilities in the Arab world: a systematic literature review of the attitudes and experiences of parents and professionals
No full textSexual Health Education (SHE) for children with autism and intellectual or development disabilities is a topic that has remained under-researched, especially in the Arab world. In order to assess the scope and quality of existing research, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to explore the attitudes towards and experiences of parents of SHE with their children, covering papers published both in English as well as Arab language. A total of 20 papers were identified. Findings showed that the current states of Arab parents and professionals’ attitudes and experiences revolves around awareness and acceptance of sexual health education programmes as compared to other cultures or countries who discuss the content and best practices for applying these programmes. These issues are examined within the framework of evidence-based practice, emphasizing the critical role of cultural adaptation in enhancing the relevance and efficacy of implementation efforts.<br/
Injury and illness surveillance in para-cycling: a single-centre one-season prospective longitudinal study
No full textIntroduction: Para-cycling is a competitive sport governed by the World Body for Cycling, Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), encompassing various cycling disciplines tailored to athletes with physical or visual impairments. This study aimed to prospectively monitor the incidence of injury and illness in Para cyclists during the 2024 Paralympic season. Methods: This prospective, observational study included ten professional Para cyclists (five male, five female) with impairments ranging from spinal cord-related, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal conditions to vision impairment. The definitions of an ‘athlete health problem’, ‘injury’, and ‘illnesses’ followed the Para sport translation of the IOC consensus. Injury and illness data were collected weekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems V2 (OSTRC-H2), with the addition of subjective markers of well-being and training load, between February 2024 and October 2024. All medical contacts for any injury or illness were logged in line with consensus statement recommendations. Results: The OSTRC-H2 questionnaire had a response rate of 76.5% (±12.2%, range 55–88%) across the 35 weeks. Athletes reported 7.36 (95% CI: 5.41–9.46) health problems per 365 days, with a medical attention rate of 5.56 (95% CI: 3.91–7.36) per 365 days. The overall injury rate was 1.94 per 365 athlete days (95% CI: 1.23–2.93), with a higher incidence in males (2.44, 95% CI: 1.53–3.67) than in females (1.51, 95% CI: 0.68–2.95). Conversely, illness rates were higher in females (5.40, 95% CI: 3.00–8.11) than in males (1.80, 95% CI: 0.60–3.30), with an overall illness rate of 3.60 per 365 days (95% CI: 2.29–5.10). Conclusions: This is the first study to present prospective injury and illness epidemiology rates in Para cyclists in combination with subjective well-being markers. The findings underscore the importance and feasibility of longitudinal health monitoring in Para cyclists, ensuring that both physical and mental health concerns are systematically tracked and addressed. This enables a proactive, multidisciplinary support system to respond effectively to fluctuations in well-being, particularly during periods of injury or illness.<br/
The role of peer support work in recovery-oriented services: a rapid scoping review
No full textObjectives:The aim of this rapid scoping review was to provide a summary of the available evidence on the development and implementation of peer support work in mental health services. The specific objectives were: to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on peer support work; and identify how such work may be best implemented.Methods:A rapid scoping review was identified as the most appropriate approach to reviewing the literature mainly because the objectives of this review were relatively broad and there was a short timeframe. In a rapid scoping review the data extraction and reporting are focused and limited to provide an overview of existing evidence.Results:From the initial database results of 7406 records, 663 were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. The most relevant of these were then selected (n = 26) to be reported in this review with existing reviews of the research evidence (n = 7) being prioritised. The findings were organised into a number of sections: definitions, values and the role; development and implementation of peer support work; experiences of peer support workers; perceptions of others about peer support work; recruitment of peer support workers; training; supervision and support; and research on effectiveness.Conclusions:There are excellent sources of guidance, considerable qualitative research about experiences and some encouraging, but limited, findings about the impact of peer support work specifically on recovery-oriented outcomes. There is a need for further rigorous research on the key aspects and effectiveness of peer support work.<br/
Survival of European children, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with haematological malignancies in the period 2000–2013: Results from EUROCARE-6, a population-based study
No full textBackground: While cancer survival has steadily improved over time for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), previous studies have shown poorer survival in AYAs compared to children with leukaemia and lymphomas. In this study, we provided updated European 5-year relative survival (RS) estimates for AYAs with haematologic malignancies compared to children and assessed improvements in survival over time. Methods: We used the EUROCARE-6 database, with population-based cancer registries data from 29 European countries. Using the period approach, we calculated 5-year RS for European children (0-14 years) and AYAs (15-39 years) in the follow-up period 2010- 2014 separately for leukaemia, lymphomas, relevant morphological subgroups, age- subgroups, and sex. We estimated 5-year RS time trends between 2000 and 2013. Results: Compared to children, AYAs had a worse RS for all acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but a better survival for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). No differences in RS were observed between children and AYAs with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Compared to children, AYAs had a worse RS for HL and NHL in general, and specifically for lymphoblastic, Burkitt, follicular and NK/T cell lymphomas. In AYAs, RS increased between 2000-2013 for leukaemia overall (by 9% points), ALL (by 11% points), AML (by 8% points) and CML (by 11% points). Conclusion: Despite increasing European survival for AYAs with haematological malignancies, we showed poorer survival in AYAs than in children for most types of leukaemia and lymphomas. These results reflect that further efforts are needed to improve the survival for this distinctive patient group.</p
Bimodal dissolving microneedles with nanoparticle coating and encapsulation for extended dual-drug delivery
No full textEffective co-delivery of multiple drugs via microneedle (MN) platforms is challenging due to limited loading capacity and the need for sustained release. This study presents a bimodal coated-dissolving microneedle (DMN) patch for extended delivery of diclofenac (DCF) and dexamethasone (DSP) nanoparticles to treat osteoarthritis. The DMN tips are loaded with DCF nanoparticles (3.84 mg/patch) and coated with DSP-PLGA nanosuspensions (0.44 mg/patch), achieving dual-drug release from a single patch. Ex vivo studies in neonatal porcine skin show > 90% penetration into the stratum corneum (≈276 µm depth), with transdermal delivery of 1.54 mg DCF and 118 µg DSP at 24 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrate sustained DCF plasma levels for 72 h, with an extended half-life (13.0 h) and 80.3% relative bioavailability compared to oral dosing. DSP exhibits a biphasic release, peaking at 24–30 h (227.7 ng mL−1, 63.9% bioavailability). High drug levels persist in skin and paw tissues for 72 h, suggesting prolonged local efficacy. These bimodal DMNs provide a high-loading, sustained-release platform for minimally invasive, patient-friendly dual-drug therapy, optimizing osteoarthritis treatment and improving compliance.<br/
Improving the assessment of dark personalities for the prediction of stress and cognitive performance
No full textIn justice and fair play: female veterans, the Irish Free State, and military service pensions, 1934-1958
No full textDevelopment of tailored artemether and lumefantrine nanocrystals for the management of cerebral malaria
No full textConsociational power-sharing in Northern Ireland: uncertain stability
No full textConsociational Power-Sharing in Northern Ireland, from leading scholars in the field, explores the evolution and challenges of consociational power-sharing in Northern Ireland for politics and societal relations. Contributors to this book highlight that scholarship on consociational democracy anticipates political stability and continuous integration in post-conflict societies. However, over 25 years on from the Good Friday Agreement concerns remain about the adequacy of consociational power-sharing to ensure a fully functional form of government capable of providing stability and of addressing deeper political and social issues: While violence is absent, ethno-national identities remain in a state of a fragile equilibrium, and aspirations for significant progress on key issues like truth, justice, mutual respect, and socio-political inclusion have not been met. The reasons as to why this is so, and what can be done to rectify it, are central to the arguments that animate this timely book.Consociational Power-Sharing in Northern Ireland will be of great interest to students and scholars in political science, law and constitutionalism, nationalism and ethnicity, and those interested in related topics in sociology and criminology. It will also appeal to practitioner communities related to power-sharing, political representation, and constitutional politics