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The social cognitive and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial intentions: a machine learning approach
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Early human settlement in Bornean forests occurred under distinct environmental conditions
No full textHumans have inhabited Bornean tropical forests for at least 45,000 years, yet the impact of that long‐term presence is poorly understood. Borneo's extensive archaeological record and high biodiversity offer a unique laboratory to examine patterns of site selection and the effects of human activity on tropical forest ecosystems. This paper establishes a synthetic literature‐based data set of 73 archaeological sites, 47 with radiocarbon or radiometric records dating during the last 6 ka BP. Palaeoclimate, current climate, soil, and terrain variables of these 47 sites are compared against a set of simulated random locations across Borneo. We also consider spatial proximity as a factor influencing human settlement, clustering sites based on location and examining the timing and duration of habitation of sites within the clusters. Finally, we compare the 47 site records against the HYDE‐3.2 land‐use model to assess correspondence. Our results suggest that during the last 6000 years BP, Bornean human settlements tended to be located in the forests at lower elevations, near coasts and river networks, in higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Comparative sedimentary analysis also suggests preferential use of locations exhibiting lower clay and higher sand content. This combination of conditions likely improved food production and resource supply. Our study highlights the value of integrating archaeological data with global historical land‐use and climate models to uncover long‐term human–environment interactions. By establishing a cross‐site environmental baseline, these findings provide insights into past human settlement patterns and likely human legacies in Borneo's tropical forests
Anti-malicious ISAC: How to jointly monitor and disrupt your foes?
No full textIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems are key enablers of future networks but raise significant security concerns. In this realm, the emergence of malicious ISAC systems has amplified the need for authorized parties to legitimately monitor suspicious communication links and protect legitimate targets from potential detection or exploitation by malicious foes. In this paper, we propose a new wireless proactive monitoring paradigm, where a legitimate monitor intercepts a suspicious communication link while performing cognitive jamming to enhance the monitoring success probability (MSP) and simultaneously safeguard the target. To this end, we derive closed-form expressions of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) at the user (UE), sensing access points (S-APs), and an approximating expression of the SINR at the proactive monitor. Moreover, we propose an optimization technique under which the legitimate monitor minimizes the success detection probability (SDP) of the legitimate target, by optimizing the jamming power allocation over both communication and sensing channels subject to total power constraints and monitoring performance requirement. To enhance the monitor’s longevity and reduce the risk of detection by malicious ISAC systems, we further propose an adaptive power allocation scheme aimed at minimizing the total transmit power at the monitor while meeting a pre-selected sensing SINR threshold and ensuring successful monitoring. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithm significantly compromises the sensing and communication performance of malicious ISAC
The impact of self‐directed aftercare following breast cancer surgery: a scoping review
No full textPurposeWith over 56,000 new cases of breast cancer a year in the UK and 76% of these expected to live beyond 10 years, managing long-term care and support is an urgent challenge. This scoping review aims to map the current literature on outcomes and lived experience of Self-Directed Aftercare (SDA) pathways following breast cancer surgery. We aim to assess what evidence exists to support the current delivery of this approach.MethodsA scoping review in line with the PRISMA-ScR template was undertaken across 3 databases (Web of Science, PubMED and OVID Medline) using an iteratively developed search strategy based on concepts of “breast cancer”, “self-directed” and “aftercare”. Screening was undertaken by all authors and disagreements settled by team discussion. Key data were extracted from qualitative and quantitative studies, with descriptive statistical and thematic analysis conducted.ConclusionsAvailable literature is sparse and of variable quality. While reductions in clinic attendance are reported, there is a wide range of patient lived experience. There are positive reports of the convenience of SDA, while negative aspects included unmet psychological and information needs, which also changed over time. Ease of access to speciality breast advice varied across studies.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsGlobally more patients are being managed via SDA, but this review demonstrates the lack of research assessing the safety, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of this approach. It is imperative that services address the evolving needs of breast cancer survivors and integrate feedback from patients with lived experience of breast cancer aftercare.Trail RegistrationThis project has been publicly registered with the Open Science Framework (July 2024). It can be found under the project “Exploring oncological outcomes and lived experiences of patients and their carers managed via self-directed aftercare pathways following breast cancer surgery” available at https://osf.io/b56vq/.<br/
Cultural funding and financing. A guide to new and traditional models in arts and culture
No full textThis edited open access volume offers a comprehensive analysis of new and traditional funding models for the arts and culture. In the economic and political contexts of reduced art funding, the book takes an objective, pragmatic and heterodox approach to demonstrate how financial sustainability in the arts can be achieved via a range of top-down and bottom-up mechanisms which are valued either in terms of institutional or crowd-based legitimacy. The book aims to offer both a scholarly interpretation of established and emerging funding and financing practices within the cultural and creative sector, as well as guidance for artists, creators, and cultural programmers through various case studies and multiple examples of current practices. Contributions are divided into three sections. Section one outlines the most important traditional tools and models, while the second part covers the key contemporary practices premised on the use of digital platforms, and the final part introduces several case studies. The objective of this volume is to demonstrate that while traditional models show no signs of being supplanted, digitalisation has facilitated the emergence of new forms. Such an evolution has consequences for creators of works as well as those willing to support them. The contributions address these issues by investigating and analysing the individual or combined adoption of traditional and new funding and financing models in a post-digital context
Conclusions
No full textThe conclusions to the edited volume emphasise the importance of mapping funding sources, addressing the recent narrative of declining cultural budgets and its implications for various regions as a first research agenda. Second, we claim that the hybridisation of financing mechanisms needs to be further investigated when it comes to how different funding sources can collaborate to enhance credibility and support for the arts. Third, we discuss the valuation of cultural products, asserting that value extends beyond financial metrics and encompasses broader societal considerations. Lastly, we advocate for a rethinking of public funding models, arguing for innovative approaches that incorporate community-driven support, public–private initiatives, and co-creation to better meet the needs of a cultural workforce post-digitalisation and its hurdles with potential job displacement following technological breakthroughs. By addressing these critical issues, we seek to inspire future research and discussions on funding and financing arts and culture in the twenty-first century
"What impact does having a diagnosis of an inherited cardiac condition have on children and young people's physical activity and quality of life?" A scoping review
No full textInherited cardiac conditions (ICCs) are an umbrella group of genetic disorders affecting the heart. They are life-long conditions that are often diagnosed through family screening or after cardiac events. For many years, it has been customary practice to restrict physical activity (PA) in children to prevent ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. This scoping review aims to identify and analyse the current literature on the impact that having a diagnosis of an ICC has on a young person’s PA and quality of life (QoL). This scoping review follows the methods of Arksey and O’Malley. Studies concerned with QoL and PA published between 1957 and 2025 were included. Literature searches were conducted across the following databases: Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid) CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The data was extracted and charted focussing on aims, study populations, measures, and results. Data was then summarised with a descriptive summary as well as visual mapping and descriptive statistics. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews guidelines. From a total of 1358 identified articles, 27 articles were included in the final review. There were twenty quantitative articles, three mixed method, and four qualitative studies included. Reduced QoL and mental health issues were common in this cohort. Children with ICCs had lower reported and measured PA in comparison to healthy peers. Lower PA was associated with reduced QOL amongst patients with ICCs. Themes identified in qualitative studies included activity restriction, fear of cardiac events, a need for improved communication by healthcare professionals, re-orientation, and coping. Conclusion: Children and young people with ICCs appear to have poorer QoL and engage in less PA than healthy peers. Empowering them to safely engage in PA should be a priority for healthcare providers. Consistent outcome measure across future studies would improve wider applicability of the findings.<br/