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Atheism and agnosticism in twenty-first-century China
No full textThis paper presents findings from a multi-method study of atheism and agnosticism—grouped here as nontheism—in contemporary China, conducted as part of a research program exploring the nature and varieties of nontheism across six countries. Unlike the naturalistic and antireligious forms of atheism prominent in many Western contexts, nontheism in China is characterized by high engagement with supernatural beliefs, low antireligious sentiment, and weak attachment to nontheistic worldviews and identities. When Chinese nontheists self-identify as atheists, such identification often appears situational, strategic, and linked to social or political expectations. We argue that nontheism in China tends to operate less as an ideological stance and more as a pragmatic orientation embedded in social relationships and instrumental concerns. This mode of nontheism, we suggest, reflects a sociocultural environment in which nontheists—aside from the occasional need to signal adherence to state-endorsed atheism—face little pressure or incentive to develop nontheistic positions
Joyful learning in extended reality: new game design framework from the review of autism access practices
No full textDespite significant advances in gamified extended reality (XR) interventions for autistic children, there is a lack of accessibility and design principles for a consistent framework addressing gaps in current literature. In this paper, we (1) present a review that synthesizes 27 empirical and theoretical studies on XR-based playful interventions, and (2) propose a mixed reality game design framework for autistic learners aged 4–8. Grounded in Joyful Learning theory and Flourishing HCI approaches, our framework identifies key strengths and persistent gaps in current research, including limited sensory considerations, generalizability challenges, and restricted curriculum flexibility. We propose a novel Joyful XR design framework, offering accessible and actionable principles for gamified interventions that prioritize embodied interaction, tangible and collaborative play, and culturally diverse representations. Our framework contributes to ongoing discussions at ArtsIT by emphasizing the critical intersection of game UX, accessible learning, and inclusion. We conclude by outlining future pathways for research and design practices to foster an equitable, playful, and accessible XR gaming landscape for autistic children.<br/
A low-RCS phased array antenna with 4×4 Butler matrix and frequency selective rasorber
No full textThis paper presents a low radar cross section(RCS) phased array antenna developed for secure 5Gcommunication in the n79 band (4.7 GHz). The array consists of16 microstrip antenna elements configured as a 1×4 linear array of 2×2 subarrays, excited through a corporate powder divider to ensure uniform amplitude distribution. A 4×4 Butler matrix is employed as a passive beamforming network below the array structure, while a frequency selective rasorber (FSR) layer is introduced above the array configuration to suppress its out-of band scattering response. The Butler matrix generates four orthogonal beam states (±9˚ and ±28˚) with consistent gain and accurate beam pointing across the operating band. The integration of the 3×10 FSR unit elements above the radiating surface significantly reduces monostatic RCS while maintaining high in-band transmission and stable radiation characteristics for different beam directions
Adaptive gas-discharge plasma as an enabling technology for reconfigurable antennas
No full textA reconfigurable plasma dipole antenna operating in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band is presented. The antenna employs two plasma discharge tubes as the radiating elements, replacing the metallic arms of a conventional dipole. The dispersive properties of plasma are analyzed analytically, and full-waves imulations are performed to evaluate its behavior as a dipole antenna. The antenna performance shows a strong dependence on electron density Ne (m−3), confirming the effective transition of plasma into a radiating conductor at higher densities. The proposed design achieves a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of62.6%. The plasma dipole demonstrates low observability as a function of electron density, making it suitable for adaptive antenna application
Efficient modulation of a holographic metasurface for OAM synthesis for future mm-Wave networks
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Metamaterial-based two element MIMO array design for wireless portable devices
No full textIn this work, we present a metamaterial-based approach to enhance isolation in a dual-element circular patch multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating at 5.5 GHz. The proposed metamaterial unit cell has a compact size of 4×5.8 mm2 and is designed on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a height of 1.6 mm. In MIMO configuration, two radiating elements separated by 10 mm exhibit an isolation level of 19.7 dB. To mitigate inter-element coupling, an eight-cell metamaterial slab is printed between patch elements, improving isolation to 24.3 dB by suppressing waves and minimizing near-field coupling. The antenna is excited via a conventional microstrip feed, which is subsequently modified to a stepped feed structure to achieve frequency reconfiguration. However, this shifts the resonant frequency to 5.7 GHz, achieving compatibility with WLAN bands. The performance of the proposed MIMO antenna is evaluated and the simulation results demonstrate a low envelope correlation coefficient, improved gain, and suppression of mutual coupling. Due to these attributes, the proposed design demonstrates suitability for wireless portable devices