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Conjugacy classes of derangements in finite groups of Lie type
No full textLet G be a finite almost simple group of Lie type acting faithfully and primitively on a set Ω. We prove an analogue of the Boston–Shalevconjecture for conjugacy classes: the proportion of conjugacy classes of G consisting of derangements is bounded away from zero. This answers a question of Guralnick and Zalesski. The proof is based on results on the anatomy of palindromic polynomials over finite fields (with either reflective symmetry or conjugate-reflective symmetry). <br/
XAIxArts manifesto: Explainable AI for the Arts
No full textExplainable AI (XAI) is concerned with how to make AI models more understandable to people. To date these explanations have predominantly been technocentric - mechanistic or productivity oriented. This paper introduces the Explainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts) manifesto to provoke new ways of thinking about explainability and AI beyond technocentric discourses. Manifestos offer a means to communicate ideas, amplify unheard voices, and foster reflection on practice. To supports the co-creation and revision of the XAIxArts manifesto we combine a World Café style discussion format with a living manifesto to question four core themes: 1) Empowerment, Inclusion, and Fairness; 2) Valuing Artistic Practice; 3) Hacking and Glitches; and 4) Openness. Through our interactive living manifesto experience we invite participants to actively engage in shaping this XIAxArts vision within the CHI community and beyond
Loneliness in advanced life-threatening illness: an integrative review
No full textContextTo inform supportive interventions, experiences of loneliness must be understood specifically from the perspective of those with advanced life-threatening illness and their caregivers.ObjectivesTo identify the causes, experiences, and impacts of loneliness among adults with advanced life-threatening illnesses and caregivers, and which modifiable factors might mitigate loneliness.MethodsSystematic searching of six databases (CINHAL, Web of science, Cochrane central, Medline, HMIC and Proquest) was supplemented by backward citation searching from Jan 2014-Jan2024. This was followed by screening and selection based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Studies were imported into NVivo version 1.6 for data management. An inductive approach was used to facilitate the synthesis. Quality assessment with diverse studies (QuADS) was used. The review protocol was registered with Prospero, ID: CRD42023493999.ResultsNinteen observational studies and 6 intervention studies were included in this review. Evidence confirms that the causes, impacts and outcomes of loneliness are multifaceted and interact dynamically. Risk factors on a micro level include psychological and existential factors such as emotional distress and fear of death; potentially modifiable factors include efforts to enhance communication and befriending programs. On meso level physical and social factors are risk factors such as symptom burden and social withdrawal, potentially modifiable factors include utilizing technology to make home an accessible place to maintain social connections. On a macro level environmental and societal risk factors include mobility restrictions and stigma; potentially modifiable factors include increasing societal engagement through community programs.ConclusionThis integrative review will help healthcare providers, policymakers and the public understand the causes, experiences and impact of loneliness in adults with advanced life-threatening illnesses and their caregivers. The evidence suggests that an integrated approach that combines personal, social, and systemic efforts is needed which includes enhanced communication, targeted interventions, robust support systems, and community engagement. Rigorous research studies are required which include patient and public involvement from inception to completion to ensure that the study designs and methodologies are purposeful for those they intend to serve.<br/
Near-field communications: what will be different?
No full textThe design dilemma of "What will be different between near-field communications (NFC) and far-field communications (FFC)?"is addressed from four perspectives. First, from the channel modelling perspective, the differences between near-field and far-field channel models are discussed. A novel Green's function-based channel model is proposed for continuous-aperture antennas, which is contrasted to conventional channel models tailored for spatially-discrete antennas. Second, from the performance analysis per-spective, analytical results for characterizing the degrees of freedom and the power scaling laws in the near-field region are provided for both spatially-discrete and continuous-aperture antennas. Third, from the beamforming perspective, far-field beamforming is analogous to a "flashlight"that enables beamsteering, while near-field beamforming can be likened to a "spotlight"that facilitates beamfocusing. As a further advance, a couple of new beamforming structures are proposed for exploiting the new characteristics of NFC. Fourth, from the application perspective, new designs are discussed in the context of promising next-generation technologies in NFC, where our preliminary numerical results demonstrate that distance-aware target sensing and enhanced physical layer security can be realized in NFC. Finally, several future research directions of NFC are discussed.</p
Medical professionalism education: a systematic review of interventions, outcomes, and sustainability
No full textIntroduction: Medical professionalism (MP) is a vital competency in undergraduate medical students as it enhances the quality and safety of patient care as it includes professional values, attitudes and professional behaviours (PB). However, medical institutes are uncertain about how optimally it can be learnt and assessed. This review aims to systematically provide a summary of evidence from systematic reviews reporting MP educational interventions, their outcomes and sustainability to foster PB. Methods: Eight major databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Health business, Medline, OVID, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and Web of Science) and grey literature were systematically searched from database inception to June 2024. The inclusion criteria were (1) systematic review studies (2) of educational interventions of any type; (3) targeting any aspect of MP; (4) provided to undergraduate medical students; and (5) with no restrictions on comparator group or outcomes assessed. A qualitative narrative summary of included reviews was conducted as all included reviews did not conduct quantitative nor meta-analysis of results but rather a qualitative summary. Methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool. Results: The search identified 397 references for eligibility screening. Ultimately, eight systematic reviews were deemed eligible for inclusion. The majority of these reviews have reported a successful improvement in various aspects of MP (i.e., MP as a whole, empathy and compassion) through teaching and exposure to hidden curriculum. The included studies displayed significant methodological heterogeneity, with varying study designs and assessment methodologies to professional outcomes. A gap remains in reporting the sustainable effect on professionalism traits and on a standardised approach to MP teaching. Conclusion: This review suggests that more interventions are needed in this area with a focus on methodological quality and teaching methods in a multicultural context to support PB and professional identity formation. Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO [CRD42024495689].</p
Exploring risk factors causing delays in mega project in Gulf region: an industrial qualitative approach
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study is to investigate and offer varied insights into the risk factors contributing to delays in mega construction projects in the Gulf region by understanding the region’s unique nature and addressing the gaps in the existing regional risk landscape. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, conducting a comprehensive review of previous literature from 2018 to 2023 to examine the unique risk landscape in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Secondly, applying a Qualitative approach, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 25 experts who were carefully selected based on their extensive experience and engagement in construction projects in the Gulf, focusing on questions related to the risk factors causing delays in mega construction projects in the region. Lastly, data analysis by employing thematic analysis to extract patterns and themes from the collected data. Findings: The analysis unveiled 6 main themes and 12 sub-themes, encompassing 140 risk factors. Of these, 54 risk factors, accounting for almost 38% of the identified risk factors, were newly identified, filling the gap in the GCC risk landscape. These risk factors include the absence of 3D modelling/Building Information Modelling (BIM), issues associated with the testing and commissioning process, and deficiencies in developing a Project Management Information System. Originality/value: The study differs from previous research in three keyways. Firstly, the previous papers just list the risk factors without providing any clarifications or causes of these risk factors, while this study, with the utilisation of the thematic analysis, offers deep insights into the risk factors and provides a comprehensive understanding of the causes and impacts of each risk factor as shown in the findings section and Appendix I. Secondly, the previous studies didn’t consider the project phases in categorising the risk factors, while this study categorising the risk factors into six groups that represent the elaboration of the project from the commencement to the testing and commissioning, which allows the stakeholders to focus on ensuring the success of each phase. Thirdly, the study introduces 40 new risk factors, thereby making a novel contribution to the existing body of literature on construction project delays in the Gulf region, addressing the gaps in the regional risk landscape and the evolution of the construction industry.</p
Assessing circularity initiatives for lowering embodied carbon in Australian houses
No full textAs the global focus intensifies on emissions reduction and transitioning towards a circular economy, it becomes essential for housing practices to adapt, integrating considerations for long-term environmental sustainability. However, within the housing context, research on this critical subject remains sparse. This study represents an effort to explore the impacts of practical, context-specific circularity solutions aimed at reducing embodied carbon emissions in housing projects, based on real-life data from a case project in Australia, a common residential house. The methods involve the creation of a base building using Carbon Designer 3D from One Click LCA and analyzing it based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings illuminate the effects of various context-specific viable circularity approaches and establish their potential to mitigate emissions. Findings show that targeting individual materials with sporadic ‘R’ imperatives reduces embodied carbon by 1–6%, while combined scenarios of C1, C2, and C3 applying multiple ‘R’ imperatives achieve reductions up to 39%. This indicates that a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to circular economy principles is essential to achieve significant reductions in emissions in typical Australian housing projects.</p
Modelling the impact of variability in fabrication, assembly, and installation of floating wind turbines: a focus on base port operations
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