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The Self-Conscious Continuator:Reflections on literary continuation in medieval romances and their manuscripts
No full textDiameter bounds for SL(2,Z)-orbits of origamis in <i>H</i>(2) and the Prym loci in <i>H</i>(4) and <i>H</i>(6)
No full textLenses for Partially-Specified States
No full textA bidirectional transformation is a pair of transformations satisfying certain well-behavedness properties: one maps source data into view data, and the other translates changes on the view back to the source. However, when multiple views share a source, an update on one view may affect the others, making it hard to maintain correspondence while preserving the user’s update, especially when multiple views are changed at once. Ensuring these properties within a compositional framework is even more challenging. In this paper, we propose partial-state lenses, which allow source and view states to be partially specified to precisely represent the user’s update intentions. These intentions are partially ordered, providing clear semantics for merging intentions of updates coming from multiple views and a refined notion of update preservation compatible with this merging. We formalize partial-state lenses, together with partial-specifiedness-aware well-behavedness that supports compositional reasoning and ensures update preservation. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the proposed system through examples
On the study of phonetic and phonological variation among 'fragmented' Esperanto speakers
No full textParolantoj de Esperanto troviĝas disaj tra la mondo kaj ofte ne havas multe da kontakto inter si. Aldone, la lingvo estas ĉefe parolata nedenaske de homoj, kiuj havas tre diversajn denaskajn lingvojn. Tiuj du faktoroj gravas se oni volas pli profunde kompreni, kiel ni parolas Esperanton en la dudek-unua jarcento. Adopti variadisman aliron al la sociolingvistiko de Esperanto povas helpi pli bone kompreni la lingvon kaj ĝiajn parolantojn. En ĉi tiu artikolo, mi proponas la koncepton de ‘disa komunumo’ por priskribi la manierojn, laŭ kiuj la esperantistaro diferencas de aliaj parolkomunumoj rilate al geografio, demografio, ideologio kaj praktiko. Sekve, mi reliefigas kelkajn praktikajn defiojn, kiuj aperas pro tiu diseco, kaj proponas eblajn solvojn. Fine, por instigi plian esploradon pri fonetika kaj fonologia variado en Esperanto, mi prezentas superrigardon pri la segmenta fonologio de la lingvo. Tiu priskribo celas esti utila ilaro por estontaj fakuloj pri lingva variado en Esperanto, ĉar ĝi substrekos kie kaj kiam oni atendas trovi enparolantan variadon. La ĉefa celo de la artikolo estas provizi teoriajn kaj praktikajn rimedojn por pliaj studaj pri la sonsistemo de Esperanto en ĝia socia kunteksto
Cicero:Laelius, De Amicitia
No full textThe chapter offers an overview of the manuscript tradition of Cicero's dialogue, De Amicitia
The Intergenerational Elasticity of Earnings:Exploring the Mechanism
No full textHow do family circumstances during childhood, parental time and school quality investments, skills, and educational attainment contribute to the persistence of earnings across generations? Building on a classic literature in sociology and a more recent literature in economics, our model allows each of the above variables to affect lifetime earnings directly, as well as through their contribution to human capital formation. The model allows us to decompose the intergenerational elasticity of earnings (IGE) into its drivers. Using data from a British cohort followed from birth to age 55, we show the above variables explain most of the IGE. A key driver is the higher levels of parental investments received by children of high income parents which result in greater cognitive development
The combined effects of elevated within-group aggression and inter-group threat on dwarf mongoose behaviour
No full textWithin-group aggression has well-established immediate effects on the contest-related behaviour of both participants and other group members (i.e., bystanders). However, we know far less about how within-group aggression influences behaviour not directly related to a contest and how cumulative information from contests can affect later behaviour. Moreover, it is unknown how any such behavioural changes are modified by the threat of inter-group contests, which are likely more costly and require a united response from groupmates, leaving an incomplete picture of how animals balance conflict at different scales. To test how individual and cooperative behaviours are affected by a general elevation in perceived within-group aggression, and how those behavioural responses change when there is an increase in the inter-group threat level, we ran a field experiment with groups of dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula). Playback of simulated foraging displacements of subordinates by dominants led to bystanders avoiding close proximity with the seemingly aggressive individuals and reducing their cooperative sentinel contributions. The prospect of an inter-group contest (simulated by faecal and vocal presentations of a rival group) caused subordinates to return to close proximity with dominants, but sentinel contributions remained lower on days where elevated within-group aggression was simulated. This work highlights the potentially lasting effects of within-group aggression and how animals balance the threats of conflict from within and between groups
Repurposing drugs for the prevention of vascular dementia using evidence from drug target Mendelian randomization
No full textVascular dementia (VaD) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with no disease-modifying treatments. Repurposing drugs for known risk factors could have clinical impact. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we proxied 46 lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti39 inflammatory drug effects, across five VaD outcomes; clinical diagnosis (N=7,009 cases, N=899,672 non-cases/controls), and neuroimaging features (max N=50,559); white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH); fractional anisotropy; mean diffusivity; and lacunar stroke diagnosis. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) indicated potential benefit (clinical diagnosis: OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.80–1.01, WMH: β=-0.03, 95%CI=-0.07–0.00, mean diffusivity: β=-0.18, 95%CI=-0.37–0.00, lacunar stroke: OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.80–1.03). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition suggested increased VaD risk (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.01–1.24). Findings remained largely null after multiple-testing correction. Here we show that while little evidence supported repurposing most lipid-lowering, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs for VaD prevention or treatment. ADRB1 antagonism could be a promising repurposing candidate, but replication is needed as further data becomes available. Pharmacovigilance studies should examine ACE inhibitors’ potential to increase risk
Technology use for care, support and social connect in the community: preliminary findings from the DIALOGUE project
No full textDigital technologies (smart phones, tablets, smart speakers) are becoming prevalent in social care provision to facilitate older people to maintain independent living. However, there is a paucity of understanding of what type of technologies are being trialled by social care services, or if people are being offered to use them. To understand what type of technologies may/not be suitable for social care delivery, a series of workshops were conducted across three sites in England (Northeast, Southwest, Central England), with adults aged 65+ years. Eighteen older adults were recruited, thirteen were women, white British (n=16), seven self-reported a physical impairment, disability or a social care package in place. Findings identified four themes, 1. everyday technology use, 2. Perceived Benefits of Technology for Care and Independence, 3. Concerns and Barriers to Technology Adoption, 4. Priorities for Future Technology-Enabled Care. This work identifies the need for researchers to be cognisant of the challenges including digital literacy, and it lays the foundations for future research priorities in the field of applied research in social care