278177 research outputs found
Sort by
Temperance
No full textThis chapter provides an introduction to temperance as a moral virtue. Issues covered include the nature of temperance, the relationship between temperance and other traits (such as self-control, intemperance, and insensitivity), and the question of why temperance has a strong claim to inclusion as a moral virtue
Gender and underestimating vulnerability to grassroots corruption:Time to revisit the methodological toolbox
No full textStudies on vulnerability to grass-roots corruption overwhelmingly suggest that gender either does not matter or that men are disproportionately targeted. This is at odds, however, with the recognition that experiences with grass-roots corruption are often gendered in such a way that leaves women more vulnerable, and that women are more likely to face distinct forms of corruption—like sexual corruption or “sextortion”. This chapter explores this tension by drawing on insights from new research on the gender and corruption nexus, attempts to measure sexual corruption rates, and on measuring vulnerability to bribery. Collectively, these new insights make clear that the standard methodological toolbox has likely grossly underestimated the degree to which women are vulnerable to grassroots corruption. It concludes with thoughts on how the field can grow its methodologies to address limitations and calls for researchers to explicitly recognise the multi-layered power structures that underpin corruption patterns. Doing so stands to deepen our understanding into why grassroots corruption is gendered
Decolonising Hegemonic Time in Africa - A Praxis View
No full textThis chapter considers the question of ‘Africa Time’, but from the perspective of decolonising hegemonic temporalities inherited from coloniality and its temporal regimes. It seeks to account better for Africa time as lived, through articulating a decolonial temporal perspective from both theoretical and social critique, as well as regenerative praxis perspectives. Through this approach, we sketch key aspects of the relationship between time and coloniality in African contexts, including the time-language nexus, before moving on to foreground emerging examples of critical decolonial temporal praxis in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. These examples are illuminate of possible praxis (rather than definitive) and offer insights into how industrial modernity and associated forms of coloniality might be unsettled, provincialized and challenged through scholarly, activist and artistic practices. In so doing, we consider an emerging African praxis for decolonising the hegemony of colonial times
Reoperation in the year following hip fracture:a nationwide cohort in England
No full textAim:To characterise hip fracture reoperation in the year after index native hip fracture in England.Methods:Hip fracture presentations at 159 English hospitals, over 3 years (2016-2019), among patients aged 60 years and older, were identified and linked with anonymised data from routinely collected data sources (Hospital Episodes Statistics, Civil Death Registration, National Hip Fracture Database), and followed-up to 365 days. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Classification of Interventions and Procedures codes identified all hip reoperations and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results:Of 164,691 patients presenting with an index hip fracture the mean age was 83 years (standard deviation 8.6), and 70.8% were female. Over the following 365 days 7,522 (4.6%) had at least one hip reoperation, but this varied from 2.3% to 9.4% between hospital sites. Reoperation was most frequent for people with subtrochanteric fractures fixed with a cephalomedullary nail at 7.2%. The commonest indication for reoperation within 30 days of index surgery was infection, but after 30 days it was fracture around the implant. Reoperation was less common among older patients: patients aged 90+ years had a reoperation risk of 3.7%, compared to 6.2% for patients aged 60-69 years. A total of 44,947 people (27.3%) died within 365 days of the index presentation, but mortality was similar for those who did and did not have a reoperation (28% vs. 27.3%). Conclusion:Reoperation after hip fracture surgery is common. These novel data can enable informed shared decision-making for this high-risk population
DGRCL:A Dynamic Contrastive Graph Learning Framework for Modeling Stock Market Evolution
No full textModeling the dynamic and complex nature of stock markets is critical for accurate prediction. Traditional approaches often overlook the intricate interplay between evolving temporal patterns and static relational structures among stocks. To overcome this problem, we propose DGRCL, a novel Dynamic Graph Representation with Contrastive Learning framework designed to jointly capture temporal dynamics and structural relations within stock market data. DGRCL introduces two core modules: an Embedding Enhancement (EE) module that adaptively models temporal evolution through dynamic graph construction, and a Contrastive Constrained Training (CCT) module that leverages static stock relations as constraints within a contrastive learning paradigm. This integration enables DGRCL to learn robust and expressive representations that reflect both transient market trends and stable inter-stock dependencies. Extensive experiments on the NASDAQ and NYSE datasets demonstrate that DGRCL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art temporal graph learning baselines in stock trend prediction. Ablation studies confirm the critical contributions of both the dynamic embedding and contrastive constraint components. Overall, DGRCL offers a powerful and versatile framework for embedding dynamic temporal and relational information into graph-based stock market forecasting. Public access to code and data is provided
Roland Barthes:Thinking through Media
No full textThis article follows the twists and turns of Barthesian thinking from its emergence in response to the fast-thinking stereotypes of mass bourgeois culture in Mythologies, to its invigorating encounter with non-Western traditions of thinking in Japan, to the ethical and political implications of thinking in Barthes’s late work on the ‘pensiveness’ of photography. If thinking is inextricable from language (‘Il n’y que la pensée-mot’), it is always inflected—and constrained—in different ways by different media. Focussing on the diverse and often competing forms of cognitive investment at stake in writing, film, and photography, this article reads Barthes’s unorthodox intertwining (entrelacement) of different media as an effort to expose bourgeois culture’s ‘naturalisation’ of surface-level rhythms of attention. In this respect, Barthes’s attempts to think through media have much to tell us about our contemporary digital media environment, where excessive thinking seems more discouraged than ever before
Castles, commerce, and control:William fitzOsbern and the management of maritime space, 1067–71
No full textThis study reorients the analysis of the Norman Conquest by emphasizing the critical role of waterways in shaping political, military, and economic strategies, thereby challenging traditional land-centric perspectives of the first years of Norman rule in England. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates archaeology, landscape analysis, charters, and chronicles, the research investigates William fitzOsbern’s activities in the southern Welsh March and Severn Estuary. This approach reveals that maritime space was actively managed for security and commercial purposes, with castles and towns strategically positioned along waterways to facilitate trade and control maritime navigation. The article argues that the maritime connectivity of this region was essential for both defence against seaborne threats and for economic development. These insights underscore the importance of waterways in Norman lordship and demonstrate that maritime considerations significantly influenced early Norman policies. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of landscape and mobility in the first years of Norman rule, highlighting waterways as vital to regional stability and economic growth
