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Range-Based Problem with Varying Design Point for Transonic Aerodynamic Wing Optimization
No full textDrag minimization of aerodynamic shapes in transonic flow can lead to shock-free solutions with poor off-design performance. The work here explores whether optimizing range, augmented by the addition of the operating point as a design variable, is an appropriate objective for inviscid transonic wing optimization. Gradient-based optimizations are performed, showing that the range formulation allows the optimizer to increase drag divergence to maximize speed which in turn allows a lower lift coefficient to minimize induced drag. The result is a shocked solution, with the shock moving further aft on the wing for higher weight, which can be managed via a pitching moment constraint. Range optimizations lead to higher optimum Mach numbers which raise drag divergence. Similar behavior is seen with multi-point optimization with a high-speed point included, though the range optimizations have better global off-design performance (via a larger region of high performance around the optimum performance point), better local off-design performance (via lower sensitivity in range to changes in speed and lift) and are further from drag divergence
Dental Practice Distribution:Challenging Assumptions about Deprivation and Access
No full textAim: To assess whether area-level deprivation predicts the population-adjusted distribution of NHS dental practices within a socioeconomically diverse English local authority.Materials and Methods: Analysis of dental practice density (dental practices per 10,000 residents) across the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) deciles. Decile 1 represents the most deprived areas and decile 10 the least deprived.Results: A non-linear relationship was observed between deprivation and dental practice density. Deprivation did not predict dental practice distribution, with upper-middle deciles showing the highest provision. The least deprived decile (10) had the lowest NHS dental practice density (0.36 per 10,000 residents). The most deprived areas (deciles 1-3) showed variable practice densities (0.52, 0.93, 0.53). Conclusion: NHS dental practice density varied non-linearly across deprivation deciles, with no statistically significant association between deprivation and practice density after population adjustment. These findings indicate that deprivation alone does not explain the spatial distribution of NHS dental practices. Commissioning strategies must incorporate data on these factors, rather than relying on deprivation indices. Areas with large populations, but little NHS dental provision, may require distinct policy responses
The liar paradox and modalities
No full textThe chapter gives an overview of the modal paradox and discusses strategies on how to answer the
Emerging and potential methodologies in research on mathematics-related teacher identity
No full textSubject-specific teacher identities have been widely studied across disciplines, with mathematics-related teacher identity being a particularly productive research area. This area has offered valuable insights into how teachers’ identities shape their practices, particularly in efforts to make mathematics more accessible for all learners. However, given the complexity and evolving nature of teacher identity, a key question remains: How can we continue to study it effectively? Recent reviews on mathematics-related teacher identity highlight a strong reliance on qualitative methodologies, often employing conventional data collection and analyses methods, and have called for greater methodological innovation to address previously overlooked issues. In response, this chapter explores emerging and potential methodologies, notably participatory and arts-based approaches, as well as those concerned with the study of collective identities, and discusses their affordances. With this chapter, we hope to open a space for conversation and new avenues for how we can achieve more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of mathematics-related teacher identity
The Arbitrariness of the AI-boss: a republican critique of UK Labour Law
No full textThe delegation of human resources functions to the “AI-boss” is growing. Algorithms, data processing and AI support, or even undertake, decision-making about the recruitment, management, evaluation and discipline of people at work on behalf of employers. Philip Pettit’s theory of freedom as non-domination, meaning freedom from another’s power of arbitrary interference, is a valuable lens through which to analyse this phenomenon. The AI-boss intensifies existing aspects of domination, creating more possibilities for interference by employers and heightening the arbitrariness experienced by workers. The jurisdictional focus is upon the response of UK labour law to this rapidly changing prospect, finding inadequacies and deficiencies in the law’s capacity to guarantee workers freedom from algorithmic domination. A stronger response is required: this piece proposes a path forward for the UK, including strengthened rights to information and consultation and broadly applicable prohibitions on technologies that generate an unacceptable risk of domination of people at work. The proposed regulatory approach would enable working people to participate in decisions about the deployment of the AI-boss, freeing them from this form of arbitrariness in their working lives
Hidden in plain sight:the financial vulnerability of female divorcees
No full textThis chapter focuses on women’s financial position following divorce. Through consideration of the Fair Shares research findings, the chapter will examine four key issues which emerged from the data with respect to financial arrangements on divorce and their implications for women: pensions, parenthood, power and process. Through an exploration of the financial realities facing women in England and Wales in these four areas, the chapter argues that women are particularly vulnerable on divorce, but that this vulnerability has been unhelpfully obscured through a range of factors, including private ordering, which encompasses a neo-liberal discourse focusing on autonomous decision-making in the financial remedy arena. Consequently, this chapter will suggest that the financial vulnerability of female divorcees is ‘hidden in plain sight’, and that an issue of key importance in any future law reform will be making these vulnerabilities more visible, especially to women themselves
Peredur in the South: The Romance-language Translations of <i>Historia Peredur vab Efrawc</i>
No full textThis article discusses the translation of the Middle Welsh Historia Peredur vab Efrawc (Peredur) into modern Romance languages (Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese) by addressing four interrelated aspects: the type of translations and the source texts; the publishers involved and the place of the translations within the target literary system; the translators’ comments about the relationship between the Welsh Peredur and its Old French parallel; the strategies of translation and the intended audiences. This overview examines the characteristics of the Romance-language translations of the Welsh Peredur, yielding some insights on how these translations shape public perceptions of medieval Welsh (and more generally Celtic) literature
Existence of myopic-farsighted stable sets in matching markets
No full textIn the context of one-to-one matching markets, we study myopic-farsighted stable sets, which are internally and externally stable when myopic agents consider immediate payoffs from their deviations, while farsighted agents anticipate counter-deviations and consider final payoffs. We constructively prove the existence of a (rational expectations)myopic-farsighted stable set, in which farsighted agents receive a single payoff while myopic agents may receive multiple payoffs. Our existence result extends to settings with enforcing coalitions of arbitrary size, yielding coalitional myopic-farsighted stable sets, and to settings where not all members of an enforcing coalition must strictly gain, yielding myopic-farsighted weakly stable sets. When all farsighted agents have unit demand, our results also extend to many-to-one matching markets. As a key corollary, we provide a foundation for the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance algorithm by showing that its outcome constitutes a singleton myopic-farsighted stable set when one side is farsighted and the other is myopic
MMPG:MoE-based Adaptive Multi-Perspective Graph Fusion for Protein Representation Learning
No full textGraph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted for Protein Representation Learning (PRL), as residue interaction networks can be naturally represented as graphs. Current GNN-based PRL methods typically rely on single perspective graph construction strategies, which capture partial properties of residue interactions, resulting in incomplete protein representations. To address this limitation, we propose MMPG, a framework that constructs protein graphs from multiple perspectives and adaptively fuses them via Mixture of Experts (MoE) for PRL. MMPG constructs graphs from physical, chemical, and geometric perspectives to characterize different properties of residue interactions. To capture both perspective-specific features and their synergies, we develop an MoE module, which dynamically routes perspectives to specialized experts, where experts learn intrinsic features and cross-perspective interactions. We quantitatively verify that MoE automatically specializes experts in modeling distinct levels of interaction—from individual representations, to pairwise inter-perspective synergies, and ultimately to a global consensus across all perspectives. Through integrating this multi-level information, MMPG produces superior protein representations and achieves advanced performance on four different downstream protein tasks
David Cornwell’s footprints:John le Carré and the Oxford Left in Cold War Britain
No full textIn the 1950s, whilst at Oxford University, David Cornwell (better known as the novelist John le Carré) acted as an MI5 (Security Service) informant reporting on his fellow students. As an important case study of state surveillance during the Cold War, I appraise his activities as an informer. I use two neglected but significant sources: first, I draw on the archives of one of those concerned, Raphael Samuel, and on relevant KV Security Service files including those of Samuel’s uncle Chimen Abramsky; second, arguing that it provides a useful, through problematic source, I deploy Cornwell’s account of his activities in these years from his autobiographical novel, A Perfect Spy. I conclude that Cornwell attempted to prolong his undercover activities after leaving university in 1956. I examine the normative and moral dimensions of his actions and I identify tensions between his justifications for his own interventions and his more general critique of the intelligence services