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“Un balai de France n’est pas un ornement mais un balai d’El Dorado porté en France pourra en être un”. Curiosité en miroir dans les lettres du père de la Mousse (Guyane années 1690)
No full textInternational audiencePrésent entre 1683 et 1698 auprès des populations amérindiennes de Guyane, le jésuite Jean de La Mousse (1650-1699) est l’un des pourvoyeurs méconnus de choses exotiques vers la France. Ses lettres et ses journaux manuscrits – restés inédits et aujourd’hui mis à profit par les auteurs de cette communication – contiennent des récits abondants sur son expérience que le missionnaire destinait à la fois à ses confrères en religion mais aussi à des « curieux » de la cour de Louis XIV. L’objet de cette présentation sera d’appréhender aussi bien les enjeux métropolitains de ses opérations de collectes d’animaux, de végétaux et d’artefacts autochtones, que ses nombreuses remarques mettant en parallèle la culture matérielle amérindienne avec celle des Européens. Ces dernières permettent de tourner en dérision et de relativiser les biais de discours, missionnaires comme savants, dans un contexte guyanais marqué par l’absence d’intérêt de la métropole pour cette colonie isolée. L’écriture pré-ethnographique et les choses envoyées constituent ainsi le seul levier du missionnaire pour susciter l’attention de ses correspondants en France et nous invite aujourd’hui à nous interroger sur ce qui fait l’« exotique » dans les collections amazoniennes héritées de cette époque
L’hétérogénéité des situations de précarités étudiantes. Étude de cas d’une université francilienne à partir du travail de la mission « Précarité et santé étudiante »
No full textInternational audienceÀ partir d’une méthode mixte (enquête par questionnaires puis par entretiens) auprès d’étudiant·es d’une université de première couronne francilienne, dans le cadre d’une mission de lutte contre la précarité, cet article propose une approche typologique des précarités étudiantes. Ces dernières ne se résument pas à la figure, centrale, d’une forte précarité multidimensionnelle, où les étranger·ères sont surreprésenté·es comme les personnes d’origine sociale populaire. En effet, les étudiant·es dont l’émancipation semble bloquée, celleux dont la trajectoire correspond à des décalages socioscolaires, ou celleux qui manquent de soutien à la suite de la décohabitation du logement parental incarnent d’autres facettes des précarités. L’articulation des méthodes et les décalages entre les matériaux quantitatif et qualitatif offrent des pistes d’analyse en mettant en évidence des porosités entre ces figures, soulignant ainsi les dimensions temporelle, subjective et contextuelle des situations de précarité étudiante
: Curiosité intellectuelle, engagement académique, créativité sociologique
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Avant les forêts froides : une approche morpho-architecturale et isotopique appliquée à Salix spp. pour explorer la physionomie des toundras tardiglaciaires de l’hémisphère Nord
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Évaluer automatiquement la complexité syntaxique des productions orales enfantines à l'aide d'un outil en ligne
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Incentives and the Economics of Freedom: Slave Peculium, Manumission and Paramone in Ancient Greece
No full textInternational audienceThis paper seeks to explain Greek-specific manumission patterns that economic models have not yet accounted for. According to epigraphic sources, some slaves were able to retain earnings, which potentially allowed them to purchase their freedom (manumission), but in many cases there was a paramone, a duty to remain with the former master, for several years or until the master’s death. Manumission prices were also well above recorded slave sale prices. I propose a tractable incentive-theoretic account of these phenomena: income shares serve as effort incentives, manumission prices screen ability, and paramone acts as a credibility device that eliminates the master’s financial incentive to unilaterally take all of the slave’s savings. Simulations align with basic facts, reproducing high manumission premia and the substantial share of conditional manumissions in the epigraphic record
Facing the Queen Bee Phenomenon? The relationship between women politicians in Brazil
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Purpose: This research aims to analyze the relationship between women and their colleagues in the Brazilian political context from the perspective of the Queen Bee Phenomenon – QBP. Originality/value: This study advances the debate on QBP on the (inter) national scene and investigations into the relationships and interactions built by women in spaces designed and organized by men and for men. Design/methodology/approach: 40 semistructured interviews were carried out with women who are politicians in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. Three are department deputies, 1 is a department state secretary, another one is a department deputy and 35 are city councilors from 13 departments all around the country. Data analysis was carried out using the Gioia method. Findings: The results indicate that even in an environment susceptible to the emergence of the QBP, women with ideological agendas and social struggles did not exhibit distancing behaviors with other colleagues. Furthermore, the interviewees showed positive conceptions of their colleagues and exhibit behaviors that encourage female performance in politics. This study highlights how workplace conditions affect relationships among individuals with threatened identities, particularly for studies on QBP. Findings reveal that group identification and perceived collective action potential shape relationships, despite obstacles. It underscores politicized identity as key to collective engagement and shows that relationships among women positively impact peers. Expectations and experiences of newcomers and experienced women in politics do not create distance. Additionally, a set of collective action strategies used by women to foster the participation of others was identified.Resumo Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre mulheres e suas colegas no contexto político brasileiro a partir da perspectiva do Fenômeno da Abelha Rainha (Queen Bee Phenomenon – QBP). Originalidade/valor: Este estudo avança no debate sobre o QBP no cenário (inter)nacional e nas investigações sobre as relações e interações construídas por mulheres em espaços concebidos e organizados por homens e para homens. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Foram realizadas 40 entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres que são políticas nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. Três são deputadas estaduais, uma é secretária estadual, outra é deputada federal e 35 são vereadoras de 13 estados diferentes do país. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o método de Gioia. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, mesmo em um ambiente suscetível ao surgimento do QBP, mulheres com agendas ideológicas e lutas sociais não apresentaram comportamentos de distanciamento em relação a outras colegas. Além disso, as entrevistadas demonstraram concepções positivas sobre suas colegas e adotaram comportamentos que incentivam a atuação feminina na política. Este estudo destaca como as condições de trabalho afetam as relações entre indivíduos com identidades ameaçadas, especialmente em pesquisas sobre o QBP. Os achados revelam que a identificação grupal e a percepção de potencial de ação coletiva moldam as relações, apesar dos obstáculos. Ressaltase a identidade politizada como fatorchave para o engajamento coletivo e mostrase que as relações entre mulheres impactam positivamente suas colegas. As expectativas e experiências de iniciantes e mulheres experientes na política não geram distanciamento. Além disso, foi identificado um conjunto de estratégias de ação coletiva utilizadas por mulheres para fomentar a participação de outras
Getting Around the Issue of the “Carbon Tax”
No full textInternational audienceWhen thinking about the genesis of the Citizens' Convention for Climate, one must inevitably think of its connection to the “Gilets jaunes” social movement, which was triggered in October 2018 by a rejection of the rise in fuel tax that the French government were intending to bring in. This chapter describes and analyzes the shift in the citizens' stance on taxing fuel. It shows how the members rapidly turned against the idea of a carbon tax and developed a range of different measures to limit vehicular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. In parallel to their examination of the carbon tax, the citizens mused about the notion of social justice, which was part of the official mandate. After an initial rejection of the idea of carbon taxation, the citizens went in search of substitute measures, so the matter of taxation was not off the table
Métasurface à modulation temporelle pour des applications antennaires
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