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Digitalt tilsyn og søvnkvalitet blant eldre i omsorgsbolig
Full text linkMasteroppgave i psykologiMAPSYK360INTL-JUSINTL-KMDINTL-MNINTL-PSYKINTL-HFINTL-MEDINTL-SVMAPS-PSY
HCN channels in rod bipolar cells of rat retina: subcellular localization, kinetic properties and functional dynamics
Full text linkHyperpolarization- and cyclic nucleotide-activated channels (HCN or Ih channels) play an important role for the integrative dynamics of many types of neurons. In the retina, the multiple types of bipolar cells constitute parallel channels that connect the outer and inner retina. Differences in synaptic inputs and differential expression and localization of specific voltage-gated ion channels shape and modulate bipolar cell visual responses. Here, we examined the expression and function of HCN2-mediated Ih in rod bipolar cells (RBCs) of rat retina. Using immunolabelling, we observed HCN2 channels in dendrites, cell bodies and axon terminals of RBCs. With whole-cell voltage-clamp recording, we observed that ZD7288 and Cs+ blocked Ih in RBCs, and from activation/deactivation data, we developed a Hodgkin–Huxley-type kinetic Ih model that closely reproduced physiological responses. Applying a ZAP current stimulus, we found that the bandpass frequency–response characteristics of RBCs were blocked by Cs+, could be restored by dynamic clamp injection of a positive Ih conductance (in Cs+) and could be eliminated by injecting a negative Ih conductance (in control), suggesting that Ih is necessary and sufficient for bandpass filtering properties in the examined voltage range. Implementing our kinetic model for Ih in morphologically realistic compartmental models closely mimicked physiological bandpass characteristics, with little influence of the subcellular location of the Ih conductance. Our results demonstrate how the specific kinetic properties of Ih in RBCs determine their frequency–response properties, supporting an important role of Ih in the functional dynamics of RBC visual responses.acceptedVersio
Volatile Energy Prices in Guatemala’s Energy Market
Full text linkThe Guatemalan energy market has experienced persistent volatility in electricity prices, largely due to irregular planning and investment in new power generation capacity. This thesis applies a System Dynamics approach to analyze the structural causes of price variability and to explore policy interventions aimed at stabilizing the market price of electricity. A stock-and-flow simulation model was developed to represent key dynamics of the Guatemalan electricity system. The model was calibrated using historical data to ensure realistic behavior, and policy scenarios were tested to assess their impact on price volatility and resource efficiency.
The central policy evaluated involved implementing a fixed annual schedule for national tenders to contract new power plants, replacing the current discretionary approach. Simulation results indicate that this regular tendering policy significantly minimizes price volatility over time.
Future research may further enhance the model by exploring the optimal scale and composition of power plant additions, expanding the scope for resource and cost optimization in energy planning.Masteroppgave i systemdynamikkGEO-SD351INTL-JUSINTL-SVMASV-SYSDYINTL-PSYKINTL-MEDINTL-KMDINTL-HFINTL-M
Internettdrama som mediefenomen - En Casestudie Av Dramageddon 2.0.
Full text linkDenne masteroppgaven har som hensikt å forstå et svært lite undersøkt fenomen, til tross for dens tydelige tilstedeværesele i den moderne digitalkulturen, nemlig internettdrama – konflikter eller andre former for kontroverser og skandaliserte hendelser som stedfester seg foran et offentlig publikum, og som involverer mennesker med en betydelig tilstedeværelse på nett. I lys av å forstå internettdrama som et større fenomen, skal det i denne oppgaven anvendes en kvalitativ tilnærming i form av en casestudie av den konfliktfylte hendelsen, kjent som dramageddon 2.0. Et internettdrama som tilbake i 2019 nådde enestående nivåer av oppmerksomhet og engasjement, som ingen hadde sett maken til, og som dermed markerte et tydelig vendepunkt, der slike tilfeller har blitt en vanlig del av internettkulturen. Denne oppgaven skal dermed forsøkte å forstå og overføre noen av de samme logikkene fra denne hendelsen, for å kunne nærmere forstå internettdrama som et større mediefenomen.Masteroppgave i medier og kommunikasjonMEVI350MASV-MEV
Design of the MOSAIX Qualification System for ALICE ITS3
Full text linkThe Inner Tracking System detector in A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at CERN is being upgraded for the next Large Hadron Collider run in 2030. This upgrade will replace the ALPIDE pixel sensor chips in the inner barrel with a new, state-of-the-art chip that utilizes stitching technology and bending to create a lightweight, wafer-sized pixel sensor. At the time of writing, the upgrade is in its final development stages, with a prototype known as the MOSAIX currently under development.
A qualification system is required to verify the chip upon its return from the foundry. The MOSAIX Qualification System Team at CERN is developing this system in parallel with the chip.
This thesis details the development of the qualification system, outlining its requirements and design. The system consists of a data path for receiving, decoding, and verifying data from the MOSAIX chip, as well as modules providing control, synchronization, clock, and reset signals to ensure proper operation. Particular emphasis in this project is placed on the implementation of control, synchronization, reset, and clock functionalities. The design focuses on modularity and flexibility to accommodate ongoing developments of the chip. This adaptability also supports the integration of these functionalities in the chip's feature readout electronics.
The qualification system is validated through simulation and hardware emulation to ensure full functionality during chip verification. The simulation setup, strategy, and current test coverage are described, followed by an overview of hardware emulation setups and tests performed. Issues encountered during verification done in this thesis are documented and reported for resolution. Results from both simulation and hardware emulation demonstrate that the system is progressing towards full readiness for the MOSAIX chip.Masteroppgave i fysikkPHYS399MAMN-PHY
Interaction design for sustainable mobility
No full textDenne masteroppgaven utforsker hvordan Bergen Bysykkel kan øke sitt engasjement gjennom personalisering og gamification. Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i problemstillingen: I hvilken grad kan personalisering og gamification forbedre brukeropplevelsen og engasjementet med Bergen Bysykkel, og hvilke implikasjoner kan dette ha for bærekraftig mobilitet? Gjennom teorier som personalisering, gamification bærekraftig interaksjonsdesign og overtalende design, undersøker oppgaven tjenestens potensial som en viktig bærekraftig aktør blant byens mobilitetstjenester. Prosjektet bygger på innsikt fra faktiske brukere som gjennom en menneskesentrert tilnærming. Informantene har bidratt aktivt til prosjektets praktiske komponent; et redesign av eksisterende Bysykkel-app. Innsiktsarbeidet besto av semistrukturerte intervjuer, ekspertintervjuer og observasjoner, og avdekket et tydelig behov for en mer helhetlig og engasjerende brukeropplevelse. Funnene viste særlig ønsker om aspekter utover det rent funksjonelle som ga opplevelse av tilknytning, oversikt og motivasjon. Som en del av den iterative designprosessen gjennomførte jeg en designworkshop med informantene for å utforske og videreutvikle innsiktene. Resultatene bidro direkte til utviklingen av første prototype og resten av designprosessen. Gjennom to iterative runder med brukertesting og prototyping, ble konsepter som poengsystem, favorittlagring, ruteplanlegger og abonnementsvelger utviklet. Tilbakemeldingene fra informantene viste et engasjement og nysgjerrighet ved disse aspektene, og synliggjorde et tydelig behov for mer personlige og motiverende løsninger i mobilitetstjenester. Disse designgrepene har ikke både innvirkning på individuelt grunnlag, men også på et større, samfunnsmessig nivå. Ved å fremme løsninger som motiverer til aktive, bærekraftige og kollektive transportformer, kan Bysyklene spille en viktig rolle i utviklingen av smarte byer. Aspekter som skaper eierskap, tilknytning og motivasjon kan både bidra til økt bruk, men også påvirke holdninger til transportvalg og støtte overgangen fra bil til grønnere alternativer. På denne måten viser prosjektet hvordan interaksjonsdesign kan brukes strategisk for å forme framtidens mobilitetsløsninger og bidra til realisering av større bærekraftsmål.Masteroppgave i medie- og interaksjonsdesignMIX350MASV-MI
Exploring the religious and sociocultural challenges to condom use in the prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancies among married and cohabitating couples in rural Ghana
Full text linkBackground: Condom use continues to be the most important strategy for effectively preventing the spread of HIV and STDs. In sub-Saharan African nations with high rates of HIV infection, Condom advocacy initiatives mainly targeted young and single adults, typically under 25 years old Sales et al. (2006); (Sales & DiClemente, 2010). Despite the successes in promoting condoms in controlling the spread of HIV among the above groups, its promotion and use among married and cohabitating couples have been overlooked (Kaiser et al., 2011). Consequently, the prevalence of HIV transmission is rising among married and cohabitating couples in high-prevalence areas like Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Condom use in marital relationships can be an important tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS and unwanted births; however, there is uncertainty over how married and cohabitating couples would be willing to accept its use (Anglewicz & Clark, 2013). However, the reasons for the unacceptability of condom use for STI and pregnancy prevention in marriage and long-distance relationships could be attributed to sociocultural and religious factors.
Objectives of the study: The study aimed to explore how married and cohabitating individuals of religious conviction in rural Ghana negotiate between their religious faith and condom use to prevent HIV and unintended pregnancies. The study further sought to explore the barriers to condom use in preventing HIV transmission and unintended pregnancies among married individuals and the strategies to encourage condom use among married and cohabitating individuals.
Data materials and methods: A qualitative phenomenological research study was adopted to explore how married individuals in rural Ghana negotiate between their health safety concerns and their religious faith and the barriers to condom use among married and cohabitating individuals. Nine interviews were conducted via Zoom. The purposive sampling technique was used to recruit research participants who had knowledge and experience in the topic. The researcher analysed the data using Braun and Clarke's (2022) Reflexive Thematic Analysis.
Findings of the study: The findings of the study revealed that married and cohabitating individuals face multiple social, religious, and personal challenges in their attempt to use condoms to prevent HIV transmission and unintended pregnancies. Among these barriers include societal stigma and negative interpretation of condom users, perceived body reactions, religious devotion and reproduction, etc. The findings also revealed that participants adopt a pragmatic approach to condom use and alternative paths for pregnancy prevention, among others. The findings also revealed that promoting condom accessibility, branding and privacy packaging, and joint counselling for reproductive health education and awareness by religious leaders are among the strategies to encourage condom use among married and cohabitating individuals.
Conclusion: The study explored how married and cohabitating individuals of religious convictions in rural Ghana negotiate between their health safety concerns and religious faiths. The data was collected digitally via Zoom meeting, where the participants shared their personal experiences and perceptions of condom use in their marital relationships. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Reflective Thematic Analysis Model was used to analyse the data. Different themes of barriers facing married and cohabitating couples in rural Ghana to prevent HIV and unintended pregnancies were explored, as well as strategies to encourage condom use among married and cohabitating individualsMaster's Thesis in Global DevelopmentGLODE36
Intersectionality and Social Inequality in Lifestyle and Health Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay Between Gender, Grade Level and Socioeconomic Status.
No full textBakgrunn: Kjønn, sosioøkonomisk status og alder hos barn og unge er alle forbundet med dårligere livstilfredshet, mindre fysisk aktivitet, og lavere inntak av frukt og grønnsaker. Interseksjonalitetsteorien legger til grunn at man ikke kan betrakte mennesker som kun bestående av én sosial kategori, men at man er nødt til å se på deres kombinerte gruppemedlemskap for å forstå deres helse. Studiens hensikt er å identifisere grupper av barn og unge som er særlig utsatt for negative helseutfall basert på deres kjønn, klassetrinn og sosioøkonomisk status.
Metode: Utvalget besto av 4,767 elever fra 6., 8., 10. klasse og 1. klasse på videregående skole (VG1) som deltok i den norske HEVAS-undersøkelsen 2021/2022. Det ble dannet 24 interseksjonelle grupper basert på kjønn, klassetrinn og sosioøkonomisk status. Gruppeforskjeller ble undersøkt med lineær regresjon i et tverrsnittsdesign.
Resultater: Sammenlignet med referansegruppen, gutter i 6. klasse med lav sosioøkonomisk status, rapporterte jenter i VG1 med lav sosioøkonomisk status lavest livstilfredshet og mengde fysisk aktivitet med høy intensitet ukentlig. Gutter i VG1 med lav sosioøkonomisk status rapporterte lavest gjennomsnittlig fruktinntak, mens ingen grupper hadde et signifikant lavere inntak av grønnsaker enn referansegruppen.
Konklusjon: Denne studien har gitt en mer nyansert forståelse av sosiale grupper i befolkningen og vist at det finnes subgrupper av barn og unge som er mer utsatt for negative helseutfall.Background: Gender, socioeconomic status and age among children and adolescents are associated with lower life satisfaction, reduced engagement in physical activity, and a decreased consumption of fruits and vegetables. The intersectionality theory posits that individuals cannot be adequately understood through a single social category; rather, they must be examined through multiple group identities. This study aims to identify groups of children and adolescents who are particularly exposed to adverse health outcomes based on their gender, grade level and socioeconomic status.
Method: The sample consisted of 4,767 students from 6th, 8th and 10th grades, as well as the first year of upper secondary school, who participated in the Norwegian HBSC survey conducted in 2021/2022. A total of 24 intersectional groups were constructed based on gender, grade level and socioeconomic status. Group differences were examined using linear regression analyses in a cross-sectional design.
Results: Compared to the reference group, boys in 6th grade with low socioeconomic status, girls in the first year of upper secondary school with low socioeconomic status reported lower life satisfaction and lower levels of high-intensity physical activity per week. Boys in the first year of upper secondary school with low socioeconomic status reported the lowest average intake of fruits, while no groups reported a significantly lower average intake of vegetables than the reference group.
Conclusions: This study has provided a more nuanced understanding of social groups in the population, demonstrating that it exists subgroups of children and adolescents who are disproportionately exposed to adverse health outcomes.Masteroppgave i helse og samfunnHELSAM395MAMD-HESA
The Rhythms of Platformization: Exploring Algorithmic Influence on the Practices of Music Artists
Full text linkAs the practices of distribution, consumption and production of music have changed with the digitalization of the music industry, music artists must engage with new technologies and gatekeepers who impact the circulation of their products. Music is now mainly consumed through music streaming platforms, and artists’ relationship with fans and promotional work is mainly facilitated on social media platforms, that curate and recommend music and content through algorithms. This has led music artists to become platform dependent, and a variety of strategies to be seen and heard have risen as a response. Employing a qualitative research approach, with semi-structured interviews of music artists and industry professionals, and a thematic analysis of the empirical material, this thesis investigates how Norwegian music artists and music professionals reflect upon the influence of algorithms in their careers, and how that impacts artists’ creative processes and products.
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to existing knowledge by providing new contexts and perspectives on the algorithmic and platform practices within the music industry. While some findings of the thesis support existing research, others offer new insights. The study reveals that Norwegian music artists are influenced by pressures of visibility and non-musical skills. There is a dependency on new regimes of visibility, where understanding and navigating algorithmic recommendations and digital platform curation is found to be important to succeed, along with the necessity of conforming to normative forms of self-expression and engagement. This results in a negotiation between cultural autonomy and commercial success, as the algorithmic weight of music and content discovery is perceived to favor certain forms.
Prior research has discovered an increased focus on sonic optimization, which was however not a common strategy among the study’s participants, who rather look to other ways of optimizing their discoverability. Furthermore, the datafication of artists’ performance impacts their engagement with platforms based on metrics and data, influencing artists emotionally and creatively as they must continually negotiate between their cultural autonomy and appealing to the algorithms.Mastergradsoppgave i digital kulturDIKULT350MAHF-DIKU
Konkretiseringsmateriell i matematikkundervisning på ungdomsskolen
Full text linkStudiets formål er å få innsikt i noen enkelte læreres erfaringer og meninger med å bruke konkretiseringsmateriell i matematikkundervisning på ungdomsskolen. Problemstillingen er:
Hva er læreres erfaringer med og meninger om bruk av konkretiseringsmateriell i matematikkundervisningen på ungdomsskolen?
For å utdype problemstillingen ble det formulert tre forskningsspørsmål:
1.Hvordan beskriver lærere konkretiseringsmateriell?
2.Hvordan påvirker ulike rammefaktorer lærere sin bruk av konkretiseringsmateriell?
3.Hva vektlegger lærere når de bruker konkretiseringsmateriell i matematikkundervisningen?
Dette er en kvalitativ studie, hvor det er blitt brukt både semistrukturert intervju og observasjon som metode for datainnsamling. Det er gjennomført intervjuer av fire lærere, samt observasjon av en undervisningsøkt hvor det ble brukt konkretiseringsmateriell. Jeg har brukt Braun og Clarke (2022) sine retningslinjer for tematisk analyse når jeg har analysert dataen i denne studien.
Konklusjonen til studien er at lærere har gjort seg både positive og negative erfaringer når de bruker konkretiseringsmateriell i matematikkundervisning. Læreres erfaringer og meninger tyder på at tilstedeværelsen av konkretiseringsmateriell ikke er nok, men det handler om hvordan lærerne organiserer bruken av konkretiseringsmateriellet, slik at det fremmer forståelse hos elevene. Konkretiseringsmateriell blir ikke brukt for enhver pris av lærerne, både på grunn av ulike rammefaktorer og fordi lærerne ønsker å være pragmatiske. Lærerne har en mer didaktisk tilnærming til begrepet konkretiseringsmateriell og vektlegger å jobbe med gode konkretiseringsmateriell i introduksjonen av tema for å deretter jobbe mot den abstrakte matematikken.Masteroppgave i matematikkMAT399KMAMN-LÆREMAMN-MA