39449 research outputs found
Sort by
Er eksponering for rollestressorer forbundet med vold, trusler og planer om å slutte i jobben blant ansatte i barnevernet? Test av en moderert medieringsmodell
Get PDFAnsatte i barnevernet står ofte overfor betydelige utfordringer på arbeidsplassen, hvor vold og trusler utgjør et spesielt stort problem sammenlignet med andre kommunale tjenester. Dette kan antas å være en medvirkende faktor til at ansatte velger å slutte i jobben. Det er imidlertid få studier som har undersøkt sammenhengen mellom opplevelsen av rollestress, forekomsten av vold og trusler, og ansattes intensjon om å forlate jobben. For å fylle dette kunnskapshullet var hovedformålet med denne studien å undersøke om høye nivåer av rollestress er forbundet med planer om å slutte i jobben, og om eksponeringen for vold og trusler fungerer som en mellomliggende variabel som kan forklare sammenhengen mellom rollestressorer og i planer om å slutte i jobben. Videre ønsket studien å undersøke hvorvidt laissez-faire ledelse modererte denne sammenhengen, med antakelse om at tilstedeværelsen av slik ledelse ville forsterke den negative effekten på ansattes intensjon om å forlate jobben. Datagrunnlaget ble innhentet ved bruk av spørreskjemaer som ble distribuert til alle barnevernsansatte, som en del av et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Statens arbeidsmiljøinstitutt og Oslo kommune. Totalt 666 ansatte besvarte spørreskjemaet ved første kartleggingsrunde, noe som resulterte i en svarprosent på 56 prosent. Resultatene viste en signifikant sammenheng mellom rollestressorer og turnoverintensjoner, med rollekonflikt som den sterkeste prediktoren. Videre ble det ikke funnet støtte for at vold og trusler hadde en medierende effekt på sammenhengen mellom rollestressorer og turnoverintensjoner. Det ble heller ikke funnet støtte for at laissez-faire ledelse modererte sammenhengen mellom vold og trusler og turnoverintensjoner. Resultatene understreker behovet for å forbedre tiltak for å redusere rollestress og undersøke effekten av ulike typer lederstiler for å sikre kontinuitet og kvalitet i barnevernsarbeidet.Child welfare workers often face significant challenges in the workplace, with violence and threats posing a particularly large problem compared to other municipal services. This is believed to be a contributing factor to employees choosing to leave their jobs. However, there are few studies that have examined the relationship between the experience of role stress, the occurrence of violence and threats, and employees' intention to leave their jobs. To fill this knowledge gap, the main objective of this study was to investigate whether high levels of role stress are associated with turnover intentions, and whether exposure to violence and threats act as a mediator that can explain the association between role stressors and turnover intentions. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine whether laissez-faire leadership moderated this relationship, hypothesizing that its presence would amplify the negative effect on employees' intention to leave their jobs. The data was collected using questionnaires distributed to all child welfare employees as part of a collaborative project between the National Institute of Occupational Health and the City of Oslo. A total of 666 employees responded to the questionnaire in the first survey round, resulting in a response rate of 56 percent. The results showed a significant relationship between role stressors and turnover intentions, with role conflict being the strongest predictor. There was no support for violence and threats having a mediating effect on the relationship between role stressors and turnover intentions. There was also no support for laissez-faire leadership moderating the relationship between violence and threats and turnover intentions. The results underline the need to improve measures to reduce role stress and to examine the effect of different type of management in order to ensure continuity and quality in child welfare work.Masteroppgave i arbeids- og organisasjonspsykologiMAPSYK345MAPS-AOPINTL-PSYKMAPS-PSY
Effect of heterozygosity, ploidy and incubation temperature on post-cranial axial skeletal meristics and deformities in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Get PDFThe teleostean post-cranial axial skeleton is a highly specialized structure for an aquatic mode of life. However, there is limited knowledge regarding parental contributions, early-life environmental impacts on its meristic variation and if reduced heterozygosity challenges its development. To address this, the present study used isogenic homozygous and heterozygous lines of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) combined with ploidy manipulation (triploidization) to manipulate parental contributions, and incubation temperature (4 vs. 8°C) as an early-life variable, and reared the fish to ~150 g for a detailed radiological examination. Genetically identical fish incubated at 4°C, but not 8°C, segregated into two size modes (upper/lower), which differed in dorsal and tail fin lepidotrich counts as well as anal-fin pterygiophore counts. Incubation temperature did not impact on vertebrae counts, whereas 8°C incubation produced more supraneurals than 4°C incubation. After 8°C incubation, homozygous diploids (100% maternal chromosomes) and heterozygous triploids (67% maternal chromosomes) developed lower total vertebrae and dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophore counts than heterozygous diploids (50% maternal chromosomes). For tail fin lepidotrichs, the same groups showed the following pattern: diploid heterozygous > triploid heterozygous > diploid homozygous. Homozygous diploids developed a high level of complete fusions in the vertebral column. The result of the present study indicates that the ability to enter different growth modes is dependent on embryo incubation temperature and may be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Further, the results show a strong maternal dosage effect on tail fin lepidotrich counts, whereas for other post-cranial skeletal parts, the presence of extra maternal chromosomes seems to overrule the paternal contribution. The findings may reflect evolutionary adaptations for the shaping of offspring phenotypes. Such mechanisms would impact on important fitness-related traits, such as swimming ability and fecundity, which are relevant for conservation and evolutionary biology and ecological and aquaculture sciences. Vertebral deformities developing in homozygous fish seem to be supported by active repair mechanisms, which may reflect an organism's ability to reduce the cost of inbreeding.publishedVersio
En analyse av i vilkåret «forhold må anses unnskyldelig» etter skatteforvaltningsloven §14-3 (2)
Get PDFMasteroppgaveJUS399MAJURMAJUR-
Reservoir Modelling of Tidally Influenced Units in Outcrop and the Subsurface: The Sego Sandstone in the Book Cliffs and the Garn Formation in the Maria Field
Get PDFAccurate reservoir modelling is important for field development planning and effective hydrocarbon recovery. Heterolithic reservoirs, such as tide-dominated deposits can result in complex reservoir models due to their alternation between high and low permeable zones. With such complex reservoir architecture, it can be difficult to develop an interpretation of the sedimentary environment from well logs only. Multiple interpretations of one field would lead to different flow simulations and production outcomes. This thesis evaluated how large-scale heterogeneity and depositional environment interpretation influence fluid flow and recovery factors in tide-dominated reservoirs. A set of three reservoir models has been built based on subsurface data from the Garn Formation in the Maria Field, and one reservoir model has been built based of outcrop data from the Sego Sandstone in the Book Cliffs outcrop belt in Utah, USA. For all four models, a 3D grid was designed, honoring the large-scale heterogeneity, and a flow simulation was performed to evaluate how the heterogeneity affected the flow performance, oil recovery, and oil production rate. Each model represented a distinct depositional environment, two models were representing a tidal strait system, with varying size of tidal ridges, one was a shoreface setting, and the last model represented a tidal delta. By using an outcrop succession in one of the models, the sedimentary architecture was captured more accurately in the grid. This highlights the uncertainty with subsurface data and the importance outcrop analogues have in reservoir modelling. The results demonstrate how the geometry and stacking patterns influence fluid flow and ultimately the recovery factor.Masteroppgave i geovitenskapGEOV399MAMN-GEO
Film for Intercultural Competence Development: A Study of Norwegian Upper Secondary English Teachers’ Reported Practices
Get PDFAbstract in Norwegian
I vår stadig mer globaliserte verden blir utviklingen av interkulturell kompetanse et stadig mer
sentralt mål i utdanningssystemer verden over. I Norge fremhever læreplanen i engelsk
(LK20) viktigheten av at elever utvikler forståelse for ulike levemåter, tankesett og
kommunikasjonsformer, blant annet gjennom arbeid med sammensatte tekster. Film er en slik
teksttype som har potensial til å fremme dypere refleksjon og kulturell forståelse. Denne
masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan et utvalg engelsklærere i norsk videregående skole
rapporterer sin bruk av film som didaktisk verktøy for å fremme utviklingen av elevenes
interkulturelle kompetanse.
Studien bygger på en mixed method tilnærming med et innledende spørreskjema og
påfølgende dybdeintervjuer med tre lærere. Spørreskjemaet inkluderte både kvantitative
likert-scale og åpne kvalitative spørsmål for å kartlegge utbredelse, praksis og holdninger
knyttet til filmbruk i undervisningen. Intervjuene ga innsikt i hvordan lærere planlegger,
gjennomfører og reflekterer rundt filmvisning i klasserommet, med særlig fokus på
interkulturelt innhold. Analysen er basert på deduktiv tematisk analyse, der etablerte begreper
fra faglitteraturen og læreplanen dannet utgangspunktet for koding og tematisering. Funnene
viser at lærere har varierende forståelser av begrepet interkulturell kompetanse, og at film
brukes på ulike måter, alt fra å illustrere kulturelle normer til å initiere diskusjoner om
identitet, verdier og stereotypier. Samtidig peker studien på utfordringer knyttet til tid,
oppmerksomhetsspenn, filmvalg og didaktisk støtte. De klareste funnene viser derimot til stort
overtall av positive holdninger og erfaringer blant de deltagende lærernes responser, med mye
refleksjoner og detaljer om gunstige resultater og opplevelser knyttet til filmbruk og elevenes
utvikling av interkulturell kompetanse. Gjennom dette bidrar oppgaven med ny kunnskap om
hvordan film som multimodal tekst kan fungere som et verktøy for å nå læreplanens mål om
interkulturell kompetanse og forståelse i engelskfaget. Resultatene kan være relevante for
både videre forskning, lærere, lærerutdannere, og læreplankursholdere som ønsker å styrke
arbeidet med kultur og mangfold i skolen.Engelsk mastergradsoppgaveENG350MAHF-ENGMAHF-LÆF
Tillitsvalgtes medvirkningsplikt i omorganiserings- og nedbemanningsprosesser - Hvilke juridiske muligheter har en arbeidsgiver til å kreve medvirkning fra tillitsvalgte i omorganiserings- og nedbemanningsprosesser?
Get PDFMasteroppgaveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU
Aquaculture-driven evolution of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) mtDNA genome
Get PDFWidespread resistance towards pyrethroids, a pesticide that has been extensively used in salmonid aquaculture to control sea lice, is reported in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). The resistance mechanism has previously been demonstrated to be linked to the mitochondria (mtDNA) genome. The present study aimed to investigate whether widespread pyrethroid usage in salmon aquaculture has caused changes in mitochondrial genetic variation within and among salmon lice in the North Atlantic. This was performed by comparing patterns of genetic variation for two mtDNA genes, ATPase 6 and cytochrome b, and 15 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellites used as controls, between a collection of historical (year 2000 to 2002) and contemporary (year 2014 to 2017) L.salmonis samples collected throughout the North Atlantic. A modest reduction in mtDNA diversity was observed in the period 2000-2017, but no reduction in genetic variation across the 15 microsatellites was observed. An extensive reduction in mtDNA variation was observed in two contemporary samples fixed for one or two haplotypes. In contrast, all historical samples consisted of close to one haplotype per L.salmonis. No population genetic structure was detected among the historical samples for mtDNA nor microsatellites. However, population genetic structure was observed for mtDNA among some of the contemporary samples, which was clearly linked to the drastic change in haplotype frequencies most likely caused by selection for pyrethroid resistance. Collectively, these data support earlier studies concluding that lice are represented by a panmictic population in the North Atlantic, with strong genetic differentiation being observed in small parts of the genome reflecting the transient mosaic pattern of chemical usage and resistance development. Additionally, two previously undetected or historical singleton mtDNA haplotypes increased in frequency in many of the contemporary samples, suggesting a minimum of two origins of pyrethroid resistance for L.salmonis in the North Atlantic. Resistant haplotypes were found in most of the contemporary samples, witnessing the magnitude of dispersal and gene flow in this species. These results demonstrate the need for transatlantic coordination in the use of delousing chemicals to control this parasite.Masteroppgave i biologiBIO399MAMN-HAVSJMAMN-BI
Personal exposure to Oil Mist and Oil Vapor on Offshore Drill rigs on the Norwegian Continental Shelf between 1988 and 2020 - Estimates for use in Job-exposure matrices
Get PDFArbeidere i boremannskapet på borerigger eksponeres for oljetåke og oljedamp under boreoperasjoner grunnet termisk og mekanisk påvirkning av boreslammet. Selv om borekontraktørene og oljeselskapene har målt eksponeringen jevnlig har resultatene fra slike målinger i liten grad blitt publisert. Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å beskrive den personlige eksponeringen for oljetåke og oljedamp blant yrkesgruppene i boremannskapet på borerigger på norsk kontinental sokkel mellom 1988 og 2020.
Den personlige eksponeringen ble estimert ved bruk av “lineære blandede modeller” [norsk oversettelse] basert på målinger av oljetåke (n=854) and oljedamp (n=874) tatt under boreoperasjoner på norsk kontinental sokkel. Estimatene ble laget for tre perioder, på faste, flytende, og jack-up rigger. Tidstrender for boredekksarbeideres eksponering for oljetåke og oljedamp ble estimert for hver riggtype.
Målingene viste høyere konsentrasjoner av oljetåke (0,7 mg/m^3) og oljedamp (23,3 mg/m^3) i den første tidsperioden (1988 til 1997), sammenlignet med den andre (1998 til 2009) og tredje (2010 til 2020) tidsperioden. Estimatene viste en reduksjon i eksponering for boredekksarbeidere og tårnmenn fra første til andre tidsperiode, og fra andre til tredje tidsperiode. Boredekksarbeidernes tidstrender viste også en nedgang i eksponeringen.
Estimatene og tidstrendene kan bidra til utviklingen av fremtidige jobb-eksponeringsmatriser, og videre bistå forskning på helseeffekter relatert til eksponering for oljetåke og oljedamp.Workers in drill crews at offshore drill rigs are exposed to oil mist and oil vapor during drilling operations, due to thermal and mechanical forces applied to the drill fluid. While the exposure levels of oil mist and oil vapor have been measured repeatedly by the drilling contractors and oil companies, published results from these measurements are limited. This study aimed to describe personal exposure to oil mist and oil vapor among drill crew workers on drill rigs on the Norwegian continental shelf between 1988 and 2020.
Personal exposure was estimated using linear mixed-effect models based on measurements of oil mist (n=854) and oil vapor (n=874) taken under drilling operations on the Norwegian continental shelf. Estimates were made for three periods, at fixed, mobile, and jack-up rigs. Continuous time trends were estimated for roughnecks at each rig type.
The exposure measurements showed higher oil mist (0.7 mg/m^3) and oil vapor (23.3 mg/m^3) concentrations in the first time period (1988 to 1997), compared with the second (1998 to 2009) and third (2010 to 2020) time periods. A decrease in exposure estimates was seen for roughnecks and derricks from the first to the second time period, and from the second to the third time period. The declining time trends for roughnecks supported the decrease in exposure estimates.
The estimates and time trends could aid the development of future job-exposure matrices, further assisting the research on health outcomes related to oil mist and oil vapor exposure.Masteroppgave i helse og samfunnHELSAM395MAMD-HESA