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A brief introduction to code-based encryption for post-quantum safety
Get PDFMasteroppgave i informatikkINF399MAMN-PROGMAMN-IN
Representations of linear functions in textbooks
No full textDenne masteroppgaven i matematikkdidaktikk undersøker hvordan overganger og
sammenhenger mellom ulike representasjoner av lineære funksjoner arbeides med i utvalgte
lærebøker for matematikk 1P.
Problemstillingen som belyses er: Hvordan tilrettelegger utvalgte lærebøker for matematikk
1P for arbeid med ulike representasjoner av lineære funksjoner og for overganger og
sammenhenger mellom disse?
Analysen fokuserer på fire representasjonsformer: funksjonsuttrykk, tabell, graf og naturlig
språk. Med utgangspunkt i Duvals (2006, 2017) teori om semiotiske representasjoner,
overganger og koordinering mellom representasjonssystemer, er det gjennomført en kvalitativ
innholdsanalyse av lærebøkene Sinus 1P, Mønster 1P og Matematikk 1P.
Funn i studien viser at lærebøkene tilbyr mange muligheter til å arbeide med sentrale
representasjonsformer for lineære funksjoner, med særlig fokus på funksjonsuttrykk og
naturlig språk. Videre legger bøkene stor vekt på overganger fra symbolsk til grafisk
representasjon, og inneholder gode oppgaver som legger til rette for å se sammenhenger
mellom disse registrene. Samtidig viser analysen at overganger tilbake til funksjonsuttrykk
fra graf er noe mindre prioritert i flere av lærebøkene, til tross for at overgangsferdigheter
best utvikles i symmetriske par (Janvier, 1987). Bøkene inneholder også mange overganger
fra naturlig språk til symbolske funksjonsuttrykk, men de krever sjeldent å forklare
matematiske representasjoner med naturlig språk, til tross for at dette er et sentralt aspekt i
læreplanen.
Med utgangspunkt i Duvals (2006, 2017) perspektiv, viser analysen at lærebøkene inneholder
noen oppgaver som effektivt illustrerer sammenhenger mellom ulike representasjoner, som
ved systematisk variasjon. Samlet viser funnene at lærebøkene gir elevene et solid grunnlag
for å arbeide med flere sentrale representasjoner og enkelte overganger mellom disse. Likevel
har de forbedringspotensial når det gjelder å inkludere en mer balansert fordeling av ulike
overganger, og å tilrettelegge for en mer systematisk og eksplisitt synliggjøring av
sammenhenger mellom representasjoner.Masteroppgave i matematikkMAT399KMAMN-MATMAMN-LÆR
LLMs in Web Development: Strengths and Weaknesses of ChatGPT as a Personal Educational Support
Get PDFOppgaven fokuserer på hvordan ChatGPT og lignende store språkmodeller kan bli brukt av utviklere for å lære og jobbe med utvikling av nettsider.The thesis focuses on how ChatGPT and similar large language models can be used for work and education in developing websites.Mastergradsoppgave i digital kulturDIKULT350MAHF-DIKU
Drawn into Skepticism: Agnes Ravatn`s Fugletribunalet (2013), Dei sju dørene (2019) og Gjestene (2022)
No full textDette er ei undersøking av Agnes Ravatn sine romanar Fugletribunalet (2013), Dei sju dørene (2019) og Gjestene (2022) i lys av Stanley Cavell sin filosofi om skam og skeptisisme. Undersøkinga mi har illustrert korleis dei ulike personane i dei tre ulike romanane prøver å navigere livet sitt tyngd av skam og tvil. Det er i hovudpersonane sine problematikkar at Stanley Cavell sin teori vart relevant. Han er ein sentral filosof innanfor daglegspråksfilosofien. Daglegspråksfilosofane John Langshaw Austin og Ludwig Wittgenstein er viktige inspirasjonskjelder for Cavell sitt arbeid. Daglegspråksfilosofien syner korleis ei utforsking av språket kan synleggjere vår forståing av verda. Oppgåva mi har dermed illustrert korleis filosofi kan nyttast i litteraturforsking, for å synleggjere korleis litteratur kan ta opp filosofiske problem.
Eg syner korleis hovudpersonane sin merkelege oppførsel i romanane til Ravatn kan forståast i lys av at dei er skeptikarar. Dei søker ein sikker og absolutt kunnskap til trass for mennesket si manglande evne til å vite noko sikkert. Behovet deira for å bevise saker som dei ønsker sikre svar på hindrar dei frå å faktisk sjå og anerkjenne kva som skjer framfor dei. Ved å ha studert hovudpersonane sine liv syner eg korleis skeptisismen har ei årsak og kan til dømes kome frå ei frykt for å ikkje verte anerkjent for den ein sjølv er.
Ravatn tilbakeviser ikkje skeptisismen, slik heller ikkje Cavell gjer, men synleggjer årsaka til det skeptiske behovet og tilbyr ein slags terapi gjennom humor og krimelement, der den tragikomiske skildringa av ein mistenksam og paranoid tankegang både kan framkalle latter og gi lesaren eit utanfråblikk på skepsisens veremåte. Lesinga mi har dermed synt at Ravatn sine romanar har eit filosofisk potensiale, gjennom å lære lesaren at skeptisismen ikkje fører til noko godt og at ein bør anerkjenne seg sjølv for å kunne anerkjenne andre.This thesis examines Agnes Ravatn`s novels Fugletribunalet (2013), Dei sju dørene (2019) og Gjestene (2022) in light of Stanley Cavell`s philosophy of shame and skepticism. My readings have illustrated how the characters in these three novels attempt to navigate their lives while burdened by shame and doubt. It is through the struggles of the protagonists that Cavell`s theory becomes relevant. Cavell is a centrale figure within ordinary language philosophy, a tradition strongly influenced by John Langshaw Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ordinary language philosphy shows how an exploration of language can reveal our understanding of the world. This thesis thus demonstrates how philosophy can be applied to literary studies to make visible the ways in which literature addresses philosophical problems.
In my readings, I show how the peculiar behaviour of Ravatn`s protagonists can be understood in light of their roles as skeptics. They pursue certain and absolute knowledge, despite the human inability to achieve such certanity. Their need to prove what they want definitive answers to prevents them from actually seeing and acknowledging what unfolds before them. By studying the lives of these characters, I argue that skepticism has an emotional cause – such as the fear of not being recognised for who one truly is.
Ravatn does not reject skepticism, nor does Cavell, but rather makes visible the source of the skeptical impulse and offers a kind of therapy through humor and elements of crime fiction. The tragicomic portrayal of a suspicious and paranoid mindset can evoke laughter while also providing the reader with an external perspective on how skepticism operates. My readings thus suggests that Ravatn`s novels carry a philosophical potential by teaching the reader that skepticism leads nowhere and that one must acknowledge oneself in order to acknowledge others.Mastergradsoppgave i nordisk spr�k og litteraturNOLISP350MAHF-NORDMAHF-LÆN
Paternal family history of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death: A population-based cohort study
Get PDFBackground
Studies have reported that pregnancies conceived by fathers with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are at higher risk of ending in losses compared to those without such risk factors. Our objective was to examine the association between paternal family history _a non-modifiable risk factor_ of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death.
Methods
This is a population-based cohort study. Information on fathers, aged 18–50 years who participated in three population-based health surveys conducted in Norway during 1974–2003 was linked to their singleton births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analyses with random intercepts by father’s identification number. The birth was the observation unit in all analyses.
Results
A total of 220,386 fathers who had 512,111 births with information on family history of CHD (12.3% with positive family history) and 203,257 births with information on family history of stroke (9.2% with positive family history) were analysed. There were 782 (1.3%) and 195 (1%) perinatal deaths in births to fathers with family history of CHD and stroke while 5,922 (1.3%) and 1,858 (1%) in those without family histories. We found no association between family history of CHD and stillbirth (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92; 1.12), neonatal death (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.86, 1.11) or perinatal death (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92, 1.08). Similarly, we found no associations between family history of stroke and stillbirth (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82, 1.21), neonatal death (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.84, 1.41) or perinatal death (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88, 1.20).
Limitations
Socioeconomic background of fathers was captured using imperfect proxy. Potential misclassification of family history and selection bias should be considered.
Conclusion
Results of this large, cohort study including half-a million births, do not indicate an association between paternal family history of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death.publishedVersio
Enhanced Harvest of Solar Energy with the Utilization of Nanofluids and Biodegradable Fluids
No full textEfficiency improvement opportunities for decarbonization of fossil fuel-dominated sectors are crucial when the energy end-use sector generating significant annual greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to heating. Given the forecast increases in global population and energy demand, effectively utilizing the available renewable energy resources is a pressing issue for minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions from energy production. Solar energy, the most prevalent renewable energy source, has not yet reached its full potential. The primary explanation is the inefficiencies of the solar technology available. Due to significant thermal losses, conventional solar thermal collectors have been suboptimal systems for harvesting the immense energy provided by the Sun. Proposed mechanisms limiting the thermal resistance and using engineered fluids have been contemplated. Despite the last decades' fascination with nanoparticle-based fluids demonstrating superior heat transfer characteristics, its drawbacks, such as toxicity and clogging, have stimulated the development of more bio-sustainable fluids. In this thesis, an experimental and numerical analysis considered the thermal performance of both carbon-based nanofluids and biodegradable fluid composed of coffee colloids in a direct absorption solar collector (DASC). The constructed experimental set-up investigated the thermal enhancement within the working fluids of study under the same system configuration. The working fluid composition consisted of carbon-black nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.020 wt.% and biodegradable fluid with a coffee colloid concentration of 0.05 g/ml. As for biodegradable fluid, a supplementary stability investigation was carried out. Additional experimental investigation of the extinction coefficient for corresponding working fluids dictates the expected heat absorption by the fluid in simulations. Further, a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was implemented to study a recreation of the experimental DASC. Two simplified approaches were applied to examine the working fluids' thermal performance. The experimental results were validated against the simulated models. The overall findings indicated a concurrence: nanofluids exhibited the best thermal performance. Moreover, it was experimentally observed a decreasing thermal performance for increasing nanoparticle concentration. According to experimental results, the optimum nanoparticle concentration of 0.010 wt.% carbon black and SDS yielded a 102 % thermal enhancement from the base fluid, whereas the biodegradable fluids experienced a 12 % diminution. As for the simulations, the experimentally estimated extinction coefficient approximated the thermal enhancement for both approaches. While the biodegradable fluids experienced no distinct performance enhancement, the optimal nanofluid concentration disclosed a 76.6 - 90.9 % increase compared to the base fluid. However, the heat generation from simulation underpredicts the experimental results, indicating a deficiency in heat transfer in the model considerations. The approaches for examining the volumetric heat absorption and findings suggest that model adjustment is necessary for grasping the fundamental heat transfer principles of the system.Masteroppgave i energiENERGI399I5MAMN-ENE
Beyond Macroethics: Developing an Ethical Framework for Interview Data Collection and Analysis to Acknowledge Participant Rights
No full textParticipant rights and voices are protected through institutional ethical considerations in the social sciences and applied linguistics. Yet, several ethical concerns remain. In addition to adhering to institutional macroethics, researchers should develop microethics to address contextual issues within their research. The need for the development of microethics is particularly important in the qualitative research process where researchers engage in studies with participants rather than treating them merely as data sources. Drawing on key concepts in philosophical hermeneutics, the current study discusses an ethical framework for data collection and analysis that embraces participants’ rights and voices through reflexive questioning, reciprocal dialogues, unbiased listening, and rightful analysis of participants’ data with and from two multilingual families in Norway. Participatory diagramming was employed in a collaborative participatory approach to present the collected data and initial data analysis to the participants, allowing them to review and validate the data analysis conducted by the researchers. Using thematic analysis to analyze participants’ experiences and reflections, our findings indicate that the ethical framework of interview and analysis enhanced researchers’ understanding, empowered participants in the research process, facilitated member-checking, created beneficial collaboration opportunities for the participants, and facilitated reaffirmation of informed consent.publishedVersio
Inntektsrelatert ulikhet i bruk av helsetjenester i perioden 2002-2019
Get PDFMasteroppgaveECON391MASV-SØKPROF-SØ
Supporting healthier food choices through AI-tailored advice: A research agenda
Get PDFObjective To develop a research agenda to investigate the effectiveness of AI-tailored advice to support healthier home cooking. It aims to support healthier food choice in the context of hypertension, allergies, and sustainable diets. Methods We describe an agenda that has been formed between 2019 and 2022, through multiple rejected grant applications to the Research Council of Norway. We focus on the case of tailored recipe advice for individuals, formulating research questions and methods for three topics: “Acceptance of Personalized Food Advice”, “Algorithm and Interface AI: App Development”, and “Nutrition Modeling & Clinical Trials”. The overall methodology focuses on mitigating health issues among individuals with hypertension. Conclusion The design of AI to support healthier home cooking should tap into computational principles, as well as (psychological) theories of behavioral change. The effectiveness of an AI-driven home cooking app can be evaluated in a clinical trial akin to ‘regular’ dietary intervention studies. Innovation The development of a research agenda requires an integrated effort between scientists from different domains, during both the development and writeup of ideas. The proposed project is innovative, as most food technology and AI approaches have yet to be tested in proper trials on changes in eating habits.publishedVersio
Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by dopamine and α-synuclein
Get PDFParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which causes deterioration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Lack of dopamine (DA) causes motor function problems and general cognitive decline. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyses the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-Dopa, which is the rate limiting step of DA synthesis. TH is known to interact with α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein that is a main culprit in the pathogenesis of PD. Dysfunction and decreased levels of TH are also associated with the development of PD and other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the large number of studies on α-syn, its native function as well as the way its dysfunction, oligomerization and aggregation affect TH function and DA homeostasis are largely unknown. Recent results have pointed to a role of α-syn in the regulation of DA metabolism, and an aggregating effect of increased levels of DA on α-syn. This master project aims to understand the molecular mechanisms for the interaction of α-syn with TH, both in solution and at the synaptic vesicle membranes, as well as the effects of this interaction on the activity of TH and its regulation by feedback inhibition by DA. A combination of molecular biology, biochemical and biophysical methods have been used. Nanodiscs, consisting of a lipid bilayer and styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer, have been prepared and used as synaptic vesicle mimicking systems. Our results point to a previously unreported interaction between TH and α-synuclein, most probably between the regulatory domain of TH and the acidic C-terminal of α-synuclein. It appears that electrostatic interactions are important for the complex formation between both proteins, which results in the elimination of the feedback inhibition of TH by DA. These results are important to understand the regulation of TH activity and to develop mechanism-based therapies to treat neurodegenerative disorders associated with DA deficiencies, such as PD, which is the ultimate goal of the research program this master project is integrated in.Masteroppgave i nanovitenskapNANO399MAMN-NAN