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Low maternal iodine intake and subsequent risk of pharmacologically treated hypertension: A population-based prospective cohort study
Full text linkBackground & aims
Iodine deficiency is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes, but there is scarce knowledge regarding iodine intake and development of chronic hypertension. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between habitual dietary iodine intake and pharmacologically treated hypertension in mothers up to 10 years after delivery.
Methods
The present study is based on data from an ongoing pregnancy cohort and includes 58,629 women without thyroid dysfunction and hypertension at baseline. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension defined according to antihypertensive medication use initiated 90 days after delivery registered in the national prescription database. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % Confidence Intervals (95 % CI) using Cox regression models.
Results
During a median follow-up duration of 7.1 years, a total of 1422 (2.4 %) women developed new-onset hypertension. There was a non-linear association between dietary iodine intake and new-onset hypertension. Women with iodine intakes lower than 100 μg/day had significantly higher risk than those with iodine intakes in the recommended range 150–199 μg/day (adjusted HR, 1.29; 95 % CI: 1.09, 1.53). This was evident in normotensive pregnancies (adjusted HR 1.25; 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.54) and in women with gestational hypertension (adjusted HR 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.83). The association between low iodine intake and hypertension remained in all sensitivity analyses considering pre-pregnancy and pregnancy-related factors.
Conclusions
This study suggests that women with iodine intakes below 100 μg/day have a higher likelihood of new-onset hypertension and adds supporting evidence to the importance of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in women of reproductive age.publishedVersio
The effect of feeding and stomach filling on the gastric Ghrelin system in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Full text linkMasteroppgave i biologiBIO399MAMN-HAVSJMAMN-BI
‘A distant echo attracts me, fragrance of life beyond’: growing up a metalhead in India
Full text linkThe paper is an account of growing up a metalhead in a suburb of a city in south Gujarat and then in Kolkata. The paper situates the author’s experience of growing up in a suburb of a non-metropolitan city in India as a metalhead and eventually moving to metropolitan spaces to access spaces of music consumption. The paper travels across the cities of Surat, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai and Bengaluru to narrate the heavy metal scene that was present at the turn of the noughties, from 2006 to 2013. The paper also dwells on the role of the personal computer, pirate consumption, class, geographies of live music, fuzzy contours of ‘western music’, and the peculiarity of heavy metal in Kolkata.publishedVersio
Sex differences in childhood cancer risk following ART conception: a registry-based study
Full text linkStudy question: Does the risk of childhood cancer following ARTs vary by sex? Summary answer: In this registry-based study, some childhood cancers showed positive sex- and age-specific associations in children conceived using certain ART modalities, which were not evident in overall combined analyses. What is known already: The relationship between ART and risk of childhood cancer has shown diverse outcomes in prior research. Studies examining whether there are sex differences in childhood cancer risk after ART conception are lacking. Study design, size, duration: This registry-based cohort study included all children born in Norway between 1984 and 2022 (n = 2 255 025), followed until 31 December 2023. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Children were identified via the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and information was extracted on whether they were conceived via ART (defined as IVF/ICSI). Of the 2 255 025 children included in the study, 53 694 were ART-conceived. Birth records were linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Childhood cancer was defined as a cancer diagnosis according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer Third Edition (ICCC-3) before the age of 18 years. Cox regression models were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific risk of cancer for ART-conceived children compared to children not conceived via ART. Main results and the role of chance: Among all children, 0.25% had a cancer diagnosis before the age of 18 years. The cumulative incidence of cancer was higher in children conceived by ART (IVF/ICSI) than in those not conceived via ART (21.5 vs 17.5 per 100 000 person-years, P = 0.04), and especially higher in boys conceived with ICSI or after cryopreserved embryo transfer. When combining all age groups, both sexes and all cancer types, there was little evidence of increased cancer risk with ART (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.13, 95% CI 0.94-1.36). However, differences were found when stratifying by age and sex. From age 5-9 years, ART-conceived children had a higher overall risk of cancer (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.20), with a slightly higher estimate in boys (aHR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09-2.74), than in girls (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 0.70-2.33). The risk was not higher up to age 5 years, or after age 10 years. In combined analyses, there was no overall increased risk after ICSI. When stratifying by sex, a higher risk was seen after ICSI for boys (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18-2.42), but not for girls (aHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-1.16). The combined risk after cryopreservation (aHR 1.42, 95% CI 0.95-2.13) was driven by a higher risk in boys (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.94), while no evidence of an association was found in girls (aHR 1.01, 95% CI 0.50-2.03). No increased risk was seen with IVF or after fresh transfer for either boys or girls. Limitations, reasons for caution: Childhood cancer is a rare outcome, and some analyses of cancer subtypes were likely underpowered. Wider implications of the findings: Results from this large registry-based study suggest that addressing age- and sex-specific differences in the risk of childhood cancer following ART conception reveals increased risks for certain groups. Our findings require further study with consideration of possible underlying sex-specific mechanisms related to ART and different childhood cancers.publishedVersio
A bibliometric analysis of pandemic-related publications from the University of Bergen
No full textManual screening and categorisation of theses was carried out by Marta-Johanne Svendsen at the Pandemic Centre.This report is a bibliometric analysis commissioned by Esperanza Diaz, Director of the Pandemic Centre at the University of Bergen (UiB). The analyses here are designed to be used as a knowledge base to provide insight into pandemic research at UiB (and to put this into context in Norway). The report covers how much was published, from which disciplines, the themes, and further use of the works from a bibliometric perspective (citations in the scientific literature and in policy, patents and news media)
The other of the other in Luce Irigaray’s reinterpretation of Plato’s myth of the cave
Full text linkFilosofi mastergradsoppgaveFILO350MAHF-FIL
Mixed-Dimensional Approach for Compositional Multiphase Flow in High-Enthalpy Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs
Full text linkWe present a novel multiphase compositional model for geothermal reservoir simulation that incorporates phase separation phenomena and explicitly represents fractures. Mass and heat transfer in porous media typically use phase saturation as an independent variable, but this requires procedures for variable substitution during phase transitions. In contrast, the overall composition formulation avoids such substitutions by maintaining persistent equations and variables in every cell. For brine and steam systems with high enthalpy, we adopt this formulation, using enthalpy as the state variable instead of temperature. The model is introduced in a novel fractional flow form, which enhances numerical efficiency. Fractures are modeled as two-dimensional objects within the surrounding three-dimensional porous medium, offering a mixed-dimensional extension of the multiphase flow model. This allows robust simulation of fluid flow, heat transfer, and phase separation, including the interaction between fractures and the porous medium. Our work makes two key contributions. First, we extend a compositional model to its mixed-dimensional version, enabling numerical simulations of fractured media in complex fracture networks. Second, we introduce an efficient interpolation scheme for H2O-NaCl brine in pressure-enthalpy-composition (PHZ) space, ensuring accurate representation of complex thermodynamic properties. We demonstrate the model's capabilities through simulations of geothermal flow in challenging fracture network geometries.publishedVersio
A Unified Compositional Flow Model for Simulating Multiphase High-Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoirs
Full text linkSimulating high-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs poses significant challenges due to the complex interactions between multicomponent, multiphase geothermal fluids influenced by varying pressure, temperature, and other physical conditions. These complexities complicate the development of models that can efficiently quantify the impact of production strategies and other aspects relevant to the engineering of geothermal systems. In this work, we propose a unified compositional flow model for geothermal reservoir simulation, which integrates mass and energy conservation laws across predefined phases, advanced equations of state (EOS), and a comprehensive thermodynamic framework. This unified formulation maintains a persistent set of unknowns and equations, and efficiently manages phase transitions using complementarity conditions. This approach eliminates the need for manual phase switching, enhancing both numerical stability and computational efficiency. Our model captures essential phase behaviors and allows a general, thermodynamically consistent representation of fluid properties, crucial for the development and operation of geothermal reservoirs. Implemented within the open-source, Python-based framework PorePy, we verify our model through numerical experiments simulating various geothermal reservoir conditions. The results present valuable insights into phase transitions, heat transfer, and component transport and show strong agreement with key simulations from the commercial geothermal simulator CSMP++publishedVersio
Sluttrapport. Revisjon av Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka – Revisjonsprosjektet
Full text linkpublishedVersio
Testing the health belief model in assessing oral hygiene behavior among 18-year-olds in two regions in Hordaland, Norway
Full text linkBakgrunn: Tannkaries er blant de mest utbredte sykdommene i munnhulen og er forårsaket av mange faktorer slik som kostvaner og munnhygiene. Ungdom er i en periode med foreldeløsrivelse og uavhengighet, og derfor en viktig gruppe å sikre gunstige munnhelseoppfatninger og munnhelseatferd. Ved å undersøke ungdommers oppfatninger om munnhulehelse kan vi kanskje erverve mer kunnskap om deres munnhelseatferd. Formål: Målet med denne studien er å vurdere kognitive og atferdsmessige faktorer knyttet til praktiseringen av munnhygiene (tannbørsting og tanntrådbruk) i en befolkning av 18-åringer fra to regioner i Vest-Norge (Hordaland). Metodologi: Spørreskjema og rammeverket til Helseoppfatningsmodellen ble brukt for å innhente informasjon om deltagernes sosiodemografi, holdninger til munnhelse, og oppfatninger av dental caries og munnhygiene atferd. Hierarkisk logistisk regresjonsmodeller ble laget for både tannbørsting og tanntrådbruk for å avgjøre nytteverdien av Helseoppfatningsmodellen og dens sentrale elementer til å bestemme praktisering av munnhygiene. Resultat: Totalt 416 deltagere fullførte spørreskjemaet. I forhold til de nasjonale anbefalingene i Norge rapporterte rundt to tredjedeler (67%) av utvalget at de børstet tennene to ganger om dagen, mens kun en liten andel (14%) rapporterte tanntrådbruk minst en gang om dagen. Fem variabler påvirket sannsynlighet for følge de nasjonale rådene for tannbørsting: kjønn, tannlegebesøk de siste fem årene, holdning til munnhelse, opplevesen av barrierer for tannbørsting, og opplevelsen av alvorligheten av tannkaries. Fire variabler påvirket sannsynligheten for anbefalt tanntrådbruk: kjønn, opplevelsen av alvorligheten av tannkaries, opplevelsen av fordeler av tanntrådbruk, og opplevelsen av barrierer for tanntrådbruk. Konklusjon: Resultatene indikerer at de sentrale komponentene i Helseoppfatningsmodellen hadde variende predikeringsevne for munnhygieneatferd. Opplevelsen av trussel var insignifikant, mens opplevelsen av fordeler bestemte kun tanntrådbruk. Opplevelsen av barrierer og opplevelsen av alvorlighet bestemte både tannbørsting og tanntrådbruk, noe som kan tyde at disse opplevelsene kan være viktige faktorer for munnhelseatferd.Masteroppgave i helsefremmende arbeid og helsepsykologiHEFR395MAPS-HEF