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Cost of sugarcane production in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul
No full textSugarcane farming demands a high initial investment, and the farmer's decision-making is tied to gathering real information about profitability. To achieve this goal, we need tools to assist in project management, clearly demonstrating the observed bottlenecks and how to overcome them. For this purpose, this study assessed the production cost and economic viability of implementing sugarcane cultivation on a rural property located in the municipality of Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul. In the scenario presented in this work, sugarcane production in a supply system is favorable, as the calculated production cost was R$5,211.19 per hectare, and the NPV and IRR values presented in the analysis of this investment were positive. The analyses showed that productivity, ATR content, and ATR price are the most impactful factors on the system's profitability. These results are relevant because, in the already implemented system, fixed costs should not vary significantly, and with an increase in the planting area, these costs will be spread over time
Technical indicators and production costs of sugarcane, sugar and ethanol in Brazil: 2013/14 crop year closing.
No full textThe Continuing Education Program in Economics and Business Management (PECEGE), in partnership with the National Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock (CNA), conducted a survey of sugarcane, sugar, and ethanol production costs in Brazil for the 2013/14 harvest. The survey results were released in the harvest closing report, presenting the main indicators and agro-industrial costs of the sugarcane sector for the production systems of suppliers and mills. The analysis of the indicators shows that the most impactful variations in production costs were agricultural productivity and Total Recoverable Sugar (ATR). In the 2013/14 harvest, the cost of sugarcane produced by mills was higher than the prices paid for sugarcane from suppliers, indicating advantages for mills that purchased larger portions of the raw material
Bioeconomy and Biofuels in the Brazilian Scenario
No full textBiofuels are becoming an excellent alternative energy source to petroleum. They are increasingly important on the global stage, mainly because they represent a more sustainable form of energy production. In this context, countries like Brazil play a fundamental role in the production of this renewable energy. The objective of this work was to discuss the impact of biofuels in the country. The research was conducted descriptively, and the data were evaluated qualitatively. The information demonstrated that the biofuel agribusiness in Brazil is growing, despite low government support. It is worth highlighting the ethanol production chain, which is well-organized but mainly concentrated in the Southeast region. In turn, biodiesel needs to evolve significantly to become more competitive, especially in the North and Northeast of Brazil; therefore, incentives could be directed towards socio-economic development, particularly in these regions. Finally, it is concluded that biofuel production is an important opportunity for Brazil and should be strategically planned to generate jobs, income, and sustainable development
World Cacao-Bean Production and Trade
No full textContents: Background of Cacao Industry --- Decline in World Production --- Present Status of Industry (British West Africa [The Gold Coast – Nigeria – British Cameroons – Sierra Leone – British Togoland] – French Africa [The Ivory Coast – French Cameroons – French Togoland – French Equatorial Africa –Madagascar] – Other African Producing Areas [Spanish Guinea – San Thomé and Principe – Angola – Belgian Congo – Liberia] – South America [Brazil – Ecuador – Venezuela – Colombia – Surinam (Dutch Guiana) – Peru – Bolivia] – Central America and the Caribbean Area [Costa Rica – Mexico – Republic of Panama – Other Central America – Cuba – The Dominican Republic – Haiti – British West Indies] – Asia and Oceania [Ceylon – Netherlands Indies – New Guinea – Western Samoa – Philippine Islands – New Hebrides]) --- World Consumption
Development of Spraying Devices for Interplantation in Forest
No full textHonghuagang District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches, and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to promote rural revitalization. However, due to the different pests and diseases occurring in peach trees and soybeans, the control drugs used are also different, and the existing technology for spraying and controlling peach or soybean seedlings is operated separately and cannot be sprayed together at the same time. This study, based on the actual situation of forest land, develops a spraying device for interplantation in forest (peach tree and soybean) from the aspects of technical solutions, working principles and beneficial effects, in order to solve the problem of low spraying efficiency of spraying control of peach tree or soybean seedlings in the existing technology
Utilization and Living Inheritance of Red Tourism Resources in Nanxiong City under the Background of "Baiqianwan Project"
No full textUnder the work deployment of "Double Hundred Action", Huizhou Engineering Vocational College, Nanxiong Municipal People’s Government and Shaoguan College have formulated a series of plans and projects to promote the local development of Nanxiong through cooperation and in-depth research, which strengthens the role of vocational education in rural revitalization, and promotes the effective use of red tourism resources in Nanxiong City, promoted the development of local tourism and economy, provides new impetus and direction for rural revitalization, and demonstrates the positive prospects and vitality of rural revitalization, as well as the important value and potential of vocational education in rural revitalization
Cooperation under Comparison
No full textWe establish a new approach to the modeling of cooperation, and we formulate a new solution concept for cooperative games. We do this by constructing a game of cooperation between individuals who exhibit distaste for relative deprivation, RD, in the sense that they experience stress when their income is lower than that of their comparators. In such a game, the sharing out of the jointly earned income between these individuals when they cooperate, as prescribed by standard solutions of cooperative games, might not be acceptable to the individuals. The stress from RD may have the upper hand. Measuring stress by RD, we thus model a setting in which two individuals who are concerned with being relatively deprived need to decide whether or not to cooperate. We term this setting an RD cooperative game, and we design a rule, the RD solution, for the distribution of the income yielded in this game. The RD solution prescribes cooperation in spite of cooperation-induced stress and preserves the spirit of standardness (an equal sharing of the gain that accrues from cooperation) for two-player games (a property shared by the main solution concepts for cooperative games)
Where is the Italian agriculture heading? A discussion in light of the prospects for the future CAP
No full textIn early 2025, the European Union launched a new phase of dialogue on the future of agricultural and food policies, aiming to move beyond the sustainability-centred narratives of the Green Deal and Farm to Fork strategy. The initiative, grounded in the “Strategic Dialogue on the Future of EU Agriculture” and the Commission’s communication “A Vision for Agriculture and Food,” reframes the role of agriculture within a broader geopolitical and socio-economic context. The Italian Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of the Agricultural Economy and the Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics convened a study day to examine the relevance and the implications of the EU’s Vision for Italy. This paper presents a synthesis of the discussions and reflections, structured along four thematic pillars: economic, environmental, social, and institutional sustainability. The analysis highlights the structural weaknesses of Italian agriculture, the need for circular and diversified agricultural systems, the integration of agroecological and climate resilience strategies with competitiveness, the need for generational and social renewal, and the necessity for political reflection on the adequacy of the Italian agricultural policy governance system. By capturing the perspectives of researchers and academics, the paper contributes to the national debate on reshaping EU agricultural policy beyond 2027
Economics of Farming in Mahatwar, Uttar Pradesh
No full textRecent policy efforts have focussed on transforming eastern Uttar Pradesh, an acknowledgement of the relative backwardness of the region’s agricultural development. Despite this, there has been little discussion in the literature of agrarian relations and their implications for the economics of farming. Taking Mahatwar village in eastern Uttar Pradesh as a case study, this article examines disparities across socio-economic classes in incomes and the costs of cultivation. We found substantial inequality, with landlord and big capitalist farmer households earning nearly 30 times the annual income of lower peasant and manual worker households. These disparities arise primarily from differences in costs: poor peasant and manual worker households bear a disproportionate rental burden, rely excessively on family labour, and use much of their produce for self-consumption. Our findings highlight the need for rent reduction and yield enhancement, along with support measures such as minimum support prices (MSPs), to provide meaningful incomes to low-income farmers
Routine Pricing Adjustments Help Keep Crop Insurance Costs in Check
No full textGovernment-subsidized agricultural insurance plays a central role in managing farm risk in the United States but also represents a substantial and growing cost to taxpayers. This study examines how routine actuarial updates to insurance pricing affect taxpayer outlays in the U.S. Federal Crop Insurance Program. Using a counterfactual simulation framework and national actuarial and summary-of-business data from 2002 to 2024, the analysis compares observed outcomes with scenarios in which insurance rates were not updated from one year to the next. The results show that routine actuarial adjustments are associated with significant reductions in taxpayer costs, averaging about 10 percent per year under the full Risk Management Agency update pattern. Targeted updates to specific pricing components, particularly reference yields, generate even larger cost reductions. These savings arise from improved alignment between premiums and realized loss risk and occur without reductions in premium subsidies or coverage levels. The findings highlight the importance of pricing accuracy for the fiscal performance and long-run sustainability of the crop insurance program