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Factors influencing land rental market participation: A case study in Northern Ireland
No full textAgricultural land mobility through an efficient land rental market has been shown to contribute to the productive and sustainable utilisation of land, by facilitating the transfer of land from less productive farmers to more productive farmers. However, this is not the case in Northern Ireland where the sale of agricultural land is limited with a constrained tenanted sector. The objective of this study is to analyse the factors influencing participation in the land rental market in Northern Ireland. To achieve our objective, data from 1466 farmland owners was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and multinomial logistic regression model. The results show that land rental market participation is impacted by motivational and socioeconomic factors. The study recommends the development of schemes that support the early and comfortable retirement of older farmers to increase the access of young farmers to land and improve the land rental market
Research on Conditioning and Storage of Rough and Milled Rice: A Review Through 1958
No full textContents: Summary --- Introduction --- Relationship of Variety, Environment, and Cultural and Field Handling Practices to Conditioning and Storing Rice --- Structure of the Rice Kernel --- Compositional Changes in Rice During Drying and Storage --- Physical Properties of Rice Related to Drying and Storage --- Microflora of Stored Rice --- Methods, Equipment, and Structures for Conditioning Rice --- Methods, Structures, and Equipment for Storage of Rice to Maintain Quality --- Pest Control in Stored Rice --- Economic Considerations in Drying and Storage of Rice --- Literature Cited --- Appendix A--List of Contributors
Determinants of Variability in U.S. Rice Production Costs
No full textThis report identifies possible sources of cost variation among U.S. rice producers and determines which common farm organizational and operator characteristics are statistically associated with costs of production. The main findings are: (1) Most of the variation is explained by factors outside of the operator’s control, such as weather, quality of land and other resources, and shifts of input prices. (2) Significant determinants of per-unit production costs were capitalization costs (percent total depreciation claimed in 1992 relative to total production value), land tenure (percent of rice share-rented and percent of rice cash-rented), water management efficiency, and grain moisture level at harvest. (3) Of all variables, capitalization costs relative to production value, land tenure, water application efficiency, and grain moisture level at harvest had the greatest influence on per-unit cost variation, accounting for 94 percent of total variance effects on a national level. (4) In the Arkansas non-Delta, capitalization costs, both land tenure variables, and moisture level at harvest were positively related to costs, while only capitalization costs and moisture level at harvest were significant variables in California. In the Mississippi River Delta, capitalization costs, land share-rented, specialization, and water efficiency were positively related to per-unit costs. In the Gulf Coast, specialization and capitalization levels were positive significant variables
Interactions of Aquaculture, Marine Coastal Ecosystems, and Near-Shore Waters: A Bibliography
No full textExcerpts from the Preface: This bibliography contains "selected" literature citations on the interactions of aquaculture and marine coastal ecosystems. The focus is on aquaculture effluents and their impact on marine coastal ecosystems and waterways as well as the impact of pollutants on aquaculture development. Factors affecting these issues include domestic and industrial wastes, thermal discharges, acid rain, heavy metals, oil spills, and microbial contamination of marine waters and aquatic species. Coastal zone management, environmental impact of aquaculture, and water quality issues are also included in this bibliography. This publication is arranged alphabetically by author surname. An index to selected subjects and species is provided at the end of the bibliography
Amortization Methods for Farm Mortgage Loans
No full text[Contents:] Definition of Amortization --- Method No. 1—The Method Recommended --- Method No. 2—Advance Payment --- Method No. 3—Sinking Fund --- Methods No. 2 And No. 3 Combined --- Method No. 4—Extra Charges --- Conclusion
Farm Mortgage Interest Charges and Interest Rates, 1940-48
No full textContents: Introduction --- Interest Charges (Interest Charges and Cash Farm Income – Interest Charges Per Acre – Interest Charges and Other Costs – Causes of Variations in Interest Charges – Interest Charges Payable to Various Lender Groups – Geographical Variations in Interest Charges) --- Interest Rates (Variations in Interest Rates by Major Lender Groups – Variations in Interest Rates by Geographic Divisions – Average Interest Rates on Mortgages Recorded – Farm-Mortgage Interest Rates Compared with Yields on Other Types of Investment) --- Sources and Methods (Interest Rates – Interest Charges)
Facilitating the Registration of Trademarks: A Step towards Creating Internationally Recognised Sri Lankan Brands
No full textThe Madrid Protocol is a simplified global system for registering trademarks abroad. It eases trademark registration abroad for Sri Lankan businesses. Sri Lanka was looking to complete accession to the Madrid Protocol by the end of 2017 or early 2018. However, accession to the Madrid Protocol would not necessarily help address the related challenges faced by Sri Lankan business; the challenge of registering trademarks in Sri Lanka. Verité has conducted research on the challenges faced in the process of registering trademarks in Sri Lanka and how these challenges undermine the benefits of the proposed accession to the Madrid Protocol. This policy brief presents an analysis of these issues and provides recommendations to overcome the identified obstacles
Evolving U.S. Fruit Markets and Seasonal Grower Price Patterns
No full textThis paper analyzes seasonal patterns in grower prices for five major U.S. fresh fruit markets between 1980 and 2012. Seasonality (the regular pattern of price change occurring within a year) has been recognized as an important determinant of price in fresh produce. Major adjustments in fruit markets over the past 30 years include changes in production, storage, import patterns, and demand. Unique commodity and market conditions for each of these five fruit products, arising from a combination of these adjustments, have been hypothesized to affect seasonal price patterns. Several changes in seasonal price patterns are observed after grouping monthly price data into four periods (1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09, and 2010-12). A distinct seasonal pattern is observed in fresh strawberry prices even as expanded geographical and varietal diversity has smoothed seasonal price effects. Seasonality also continues to be noticeable in fresh grape and peach prices even as imports have increased in volume and number of supplying regions. The range of monthly prices has increased for less storable produce (e.g., strawberries and peaches) relative to produce that can be stored for longer periods (e.g., apples and oranges). In several cases, the timing of high and low prices within the year has shifted
Planteamientos para avanzar en el diagnóstico de las pérdidas y el desperdicio alimentario generado en un territorio: aplicación en la Comunitat Valenciana
No full text[ES] Minimizar las pérdidas y el desperdicio alimentario en la cadena agroalimentaria es un reto clave en las políticas europeas y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. La falta de registros oficiales y datos fiables dificulta que se realicen actuaciones eficaces. Este artículo propone una metodología basada en los códigos CNAE agilizando el diagnóstico del problema en un territorio y muestra su aplicación en la Comunitat Valenciana (España). La metodología mejora las directrices de la UE sobre medición del desperdicio alimentario, facilita su replicabilidad en otras regiones y ofrece recomendaciones para que los territorios diseñen agendas que prevengan y reduzcan estas pérdidas. [EN] Minimizing food loss and waste along the agri-food chain is a key challenge addressed by European policies and the Sustainable Development Goals. The lack of official records and reliable data hinders the implementation of effective actions. This article proposes a methodology based on CNAE codes to streamline the diagnosis of this issue within a given territory and illustrates its application in the Valencian Region (Spain). The proposed methodology enhances EU guidelines for measuring food loss and waste, facilitates its replicability across other regions, and provides recommendations to support the design of territorial agendas aimed at preventing and reducing such losses