9095 research outputs found
Sort by
Functional thermal limits are determined by rate of warming during simulated marine heatwaves
Get PDFMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in both intensity and frequency against a backdrop of gradual warming associated with climate change. In the context of MHWs, animals are likely to experience sub-lethal, rather than lethal effects, defining long-term limits to survival and/or impacting individual and population fitness. This study investigated how functional sub-lethal limits track critical thresholds and how this relationship changes with warming rate. To this end we monitored basic functioning, specifically the ability to right, feed and assimilate energy, as well as oxygen consumption rate in the common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Water temperature in experimental systems was increased at rates of 1oC day-1, 0.5oC day-1 and 0.3oC day-1, in line with the characteristics of MHW events previously experienced at the site where the study urchins were collected on the Antarctica Peninsula. Functioning was assessed during the simulation of MHWs and sub-lethal limits determined when the rate of functional degradation changed as temperature increased. Results suggest that thermal sensitivity varies between the key biological functions measured, with the ability to right having the highest thermal threshold. Arguably, the most interesting result was that functions deteriorated at lower temperatures when warming was more rapid (1oC day-1), contrary to lethal critical thresholds, which were reached at lower temperatures when warming was slower (0.3oC day-1). MHWs and their impacts extend far beyond Antarctica and in this context, our analyses indicate that the onset rate of MHWs is critical in determining an organism’s ability to tolerate short-term elevated temperatures
Astudiaeth o Ddylanwad Celtigrwydd ar Lyfrau Teithio Cymraeg am Lydaw ac Iwerddon yn yr Ugeinfed Ganrif
Get PDFBrands as a unique and special stimulus class: Bridging the gap between face and object processing
Get PDFWhen One Health Meets the United Nations Ocean Decade: Global Agendas as a Pathway to Promote Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research on Human-Nature Relationships
Get PDFStrong evidence shows that exposure and engagement with the natural world not only improve human wellbeing but can also help promote environmentally friendly behaviors. Human-nature relationships are at the heart of global agendas promoted by international organizations including the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “One Health” and the United Nations (UN) “Ocean Decade.” These agendas demand collaborative multisector interdisciplinary efforts at local, national, and global levels. However, while global agendas highlight global goals for a sustainable world, developing science that directly addresses these agendas from design through to delivery and outputs does not come without its challenges. In this article, we present the outcomes of international meetings between researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We propose a model for interdisciplinary work under such global agendas, particularly the interface between One Health and the UN Ocean Decade and identify three priority research areas closely linked to each other: human-nature connection, conservation-human behavior, and implementation strategies (bringing stakeholders together). We also discuss a number of recommendations for moving forward
Combination of curaxin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors display enhanced killing of primitive Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia cells
Get PDFDespite the big increase in precision medicine targeted therapies developing curative treatments for many cancers is still a major challenge due mainly to the development of drug resistance in cancer stem cells. The cancer stem cells are constantly evolving to survive and targeted drug treatment often increases the selective pressure on these cells from which the disease develops. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a paradigm of cancer stem cell research. Targeted therapies to the causative oncogene, BCR/ABL, have been developed but drug resistance remains a problem. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR/ABL were transformative in the management of CML. However, patients are rarely cured as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors fail to eradicate the leukaemic stem cell which often leads to loss of response to therapy as drug resistance develops and progression to more fatal forms of acute leukaemia occurs. New treatment strategies targeting other entities within the leukemic stem cell either alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase are therefore required. Drawing on our previous published work on the development of potential novel targets in CML and other myeloproliferative diseases along with analysis of the facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex in CML we hypothesised that curaxin, a drug that targets the FACT complex and is in clinical trial for the treatment of other cancers, could be of use in the treatment of CML. We therefore assessed the curaxin CBL0137 as a new agent to extinguish CML primitive cells and show its ability to preferentially target CML cells compared to healthy control cells, especially in combination with clinically relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Standards of conduct and reporting in evidence syntheses that could inform environmental policy and management decisions
Get PDF
