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Financial incentives often fail to reconcile agricultural productivity and pro-conservation behavior.
Get PDFPaying resource users to preserve features of their environment could in theory better align production and conservation goals. We show, however, that across a range of conservation dilemmas, they might not. We conduct a synthesis of dynamic games experiments built around collective action dilemmas in conservation, played across Europe, Africa, and Asia. We find, across this range of dilemmas, that while payments can encourage pro-conservation behavior, they often fail to capitalize on the potential for jointly improving productive and environmental outcomes, highlighting the more nuanced challenge of reconciling livelihoods with conservation goals. We further find production (yield) and the joint production-environment product (i.e., a measure of agricultural production multiplied by a measure of pro-conservation practice) are better preserved in groups that are more educated, more gender diverse and that better represent women. We discuss how the design of incentive programs can better align livelihood and environment goals
Movin' On Up? The economics of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in terms of health care costs and social mobility
Get PDFValorisation of waste olive pomace: Laboratory and pilot scale processing to extract dietary fibre
Get PDFThe olive oil industry generates large quantities of waste pomace which has the potential to be used as a source of functional dietary fibre in the food ingredients sector. It was determined that hexane extracted olive pomace still retained 10.6% soluble dietary fibre (SDF) although the total sugar content of 27% was low. The lower and upper yields from single trials on freeze dried olive pomace (10 g) for hexane extracted IDF and SDF were 41-53% and 0.5-2.5%, respectively. These results tentatively indicated that pH and homogenization (high shear mixing) were important factors in affecting IDF and SDF yields. The increase in quantity to pilot scale with 36 kg (wet weight) frozen olive pomace, equivalent to 5.65 kg (dry weight) focused on recovery yield of SDF using an alkaline treatment approach combined with wet milling for 2 h. There was no increase in microbial contamination during the trial. While a relatively high yield of SDF at 5.6% was obtained, the monosaccharide content was low, and this fraction did not exhibit gelation properties. A lower-than-expected IDF yield (13.6%) was obtained during the pilot trial compared with initial laboratory results (41.3-53.0%). However, this process enriched the fibre content from 40% to more than 70% in the majority of the IDFs collected during the pilot trial. The highest water and oil holding capacities were indicated to be 6.9 and 4.1, respectively, which were associated with IDF extracted at pH 4.5. This study revealed that SDF could be recovered from olive pomace and the recovery of IDF could be scaled up where physical disruption and pH conditions caused apparent changes in the yields, and water and oil holding capacities of dietary fibre fractions
Testing anxiety's effect on movement planning and correction: Online upper-limb corrections are not completely automatic
Get PDFVia three experiments, we investigated heightened anxiety's effect on the offline planning and online correction of upper-limb target-directed aiming movements. In Experiment 1, the majority of task trials allowed for the voluntary distribution of offline planning and online correction to achieve task success, while a subset of cursor jump trials necessitated the use of online correction to achieve task success. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated and elaborated Experiment 1 by assessing movement-specific reinvestment propensity and manipulating the self-control resources of participants. This allowed more detailed inference of cognitive resource utilisation to tease apart the effects of conscious processing and distraction-based anxiety mechanisms. For the first time, we demonstrate that: anxiety-induced online-to-offline motor control shifts can be overridden when the need for online correction is necessitated (i.e., in jump trials); anxiety-induced online-to-offline shifts seem to be positively predicted by conscious processing propensity; and optimal spatial efficacy of limb information-based online correction seems to require cognitive resources. We conclude that long-standing definitions of limb information-based online correction require revision, and that both conscious processing and distraction theories appear to play a role in determining the control strategies of anxiety induced upper limb target directed aiming movements
Greater post-exercise hypotension in healthy young untrained men after exercising in a hot compared to a temperate environment
Get PDFTalking about what matters: a systematic search and review exploring barriers and facilitators for implementing outcome-focused conversations
Get PDFUnpaid carers form the backbone of health and care systems. Caregiving can be rewarding but can also diminish carer well-being. Many policies recognise that outcome-focused assessments are the foundation of effective support. In practice, carers can struggle to access these, preventing the realisation of carer-oriented policy goals. This systematic search and review explored literature concerning adult carer outcome assessment, retrieving 21 eligible studies spanning work in five countries. A narrative synthesis highlighted the skilled nature of the practice involved, alongside long-standing implementation barriers. We make evidence-based recommendations for policy implementation, with potential to improve outcomes for carers, practitioners and organisations
Multi-decadal change in summer mean water temperature in Lake Konnevesi, Finland (1984–2021)
Get PDFDepth-resolved water temperature data on the thermal environment of lakes are often hindered by sparse temporal frequency, limited depth resolution, or short duration that create many challenges for long-term analysis. Where high frequency and depth-resolved data exist, they can provide a wealth of knowledge about how lakes are responding to a changing climate. In this study, we analyzed around 950 profiles of summer mean water temperature (July to September), which includes about 30,600 unique observations, from a subarctic lake (Lake Konnevesi, Finland) to understand the changes in lake surface water temperature (LSWT), lake deepwater temperature (LDWT), and lake volumetrically weighted mean temperature (LVWMT) from 1984 to 2021. Statistical analysis of this dataset revealed a substantial warming of LSWT (0.41 °C decade−1) and LVWMT (0.32 °C decade−1), whilst LDWT remained unchanged (0.00 °C decade−1). Our analysis using a generalized additive model suggested the inter-annual variability in LSWT and LVWMT correlated significantly with the upward trends of summer mean air temperature and solar radiation, but suggested no significant effect of observed changes in ice departure dates and near-surface wind speed. None of the investigated predictors correlated with the change in the LDWT. Due to the variable response of lake surface and bottom water temperature to climate change in this subarctic lake, our data suggest a substantial increase in lake thermal stability. Our study supports the growing literature on lake thermal responses to climate change, and illustrates the unique contrast of climate change impacts at the surface and at depth in lake ecosystems, with deep waters acting as a potential thermal refuge to aquatic organisms within a warming world
Halifax's Political Pioneer:Dame Sara Barker, 1904-1973
Get PDFLast year marked the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Dame Sara Elizabeth Barker , the Halifax-born, and first female, National Organiser and then acting General Secretary of the Labour party during the 1960s..