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Switchable Optical Trapping of Mie-Resonant Phase-Change Nanoparticles
No full textOptical tweezers revolutionized the manipulation of nanoscale objects. Typically, tunable manipulations of optical tweezers rely on adjusting either the trapping laser beams or the optical environment surrounding the nanoparticles. Here, tunable and switchable trapping using nanoparticles made of a phase-change material (vanadium dioxide or VO2) are achieved. By varying the intensity of the trapping beam, transitions of the VO2 between monoclinic and rutile phases are induced. Depending on the nanoparticles' sizes, they exhibit one of three behaviors: small nanoparticles (in the settings, radius (Formula presented.) wavelength (Formula presented.)) remain always attracted by the laser beam in both material phases, large nanoparticles ((Formula presented.)) remain always repelled. However, within the size range of (Formula presented.), the phase transition of the VO2 switches optical forces between attractive and repulsive, thereby pulling/pushing them toward/away from the beam center. The effect is reversible, allowing the same particle to be attracted and repelled repeatedly. The phenomenon is governed by optical Mie modes of the nanoparticles and their alterations during the phase transition of the VO2. This work provides an alternative solution for dynamic optical tweezers and paves a way to new possibilities, including optical sorting, light-driven optomechanics and single-molecule biophysics.L.M. and I.T. contributed equally to this work. Authors thank Dmitry Pidgayko, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Yuzhi Shi, and Mikhail Petrov for a constructive criticism and useful suggestions. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (grants DE210100679 and DP210101292) and Dalian University of Technology. Vanadium oxide nanoparticle research was supported by the Defence Science Institute, an initiative of the State Government of Victoria. This work used the ACT node of the NCRIS-enabled Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF-ACT). The authors acknowledge the help and support provided by the Cytometry team (Harpreet Vohra and Michael Devoy) from the CHASM facility within\u00A0JCSMR. L.M. and I.T. contributed equally to this work. Authors thank Dmitry Pidgayko, Cheng\u2010Wei Qiu, Yuzhi Shi, and Mikhail Petrov for a constructive criticism and useful suggestions. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (grants DE210100679 and DP210101292) and Dalian University of Technology. Vanadium oxide nanoparticle research was supported by the Defence Science Institute, an initiative of the State Government of Victoria. This work used the ACT node of the NCRIS\u2010enabled Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF\u2010ACT). The authors acknowledge the help and support provided by the Cytometry team (Harpreet Vohra and Michael Devoy) from the CHASM facility within JCSMR.Peer-reviewe
Parliamentary Privilege and the Courts in Attorney-General (Tas) v Casimaty: A case of grand theories and lost opportunities
No full textPeer-reviewe
A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Ecological Novelty
No full textBackground: Human pressures are driving the emergence of unprecedented, ‘novel’, ecological and environmental systems. The concept of novel (eco)systems is well accepted by the scientific community, but the use and measurement of novelty has outgrown initial definitions and critiques. There are still unresolved methodological and conceptual differences in quantifying novelty that prevent a unified research approach. Framework: Here we present a conceptual framework and guidelines to unify past and future measurement of ecological novelty. Under this framework, novelty is a property of an ecological or environmental entity of interest. Novelty is quantified as the comparison between the target entity and a reference set, measured as the summary of degrees of difference across one or more dimensions. Choices in these components, particularly the reference set, can change resulting novelty measurements and inferences. Showcase: We provide a case-study to showcase our framework, measuring pre- and post-European novelty in 99 pollen assemblages in Midwest USA forests. We paired this quantitative exploration with a five-step process designed to improve the utility and outcomes of novelty analyses. Conclusions: Quantitative novelty has immense value in studies of abrupt ecological change, linking climatic and ecological change, biotic interactions and invasions, species range shifts and fundamental theories. Our framework offers a unified overview and is also primed for integration into management and restoration workflows, providing consistent and robust measurements of novelty to support decision making, priority setting and resource allocation.Funding: This work was funded by ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award DE240100398 awarded to TLS and ARC Discovery Project DP210100804 awarded to JMP and WK. AEM, MD & AMP acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2019-402). The Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n of SENACYT (Panam\u00E1) supported AO. JLB was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1750597). TH was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project number HE 5893/8-1). This paper developed from discussions at the PaleoNovelty workshop, held remotely and supported by the Paleosynthesis program, funded by Volkswagen Foundation and awarded to WK and others. This work was funded by ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award DE240100398 awarded to Timothy L. Staples and Discovery Project grant DP210100804 awarded to John M. Pandolfi and Wolfgang Kiessling. Anne E. Magurran, Maria Dornelas and Amelia M. Penny acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2019-402). The Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n of SENACYT (Panam\u00E1) supported Aaron O'Dea. Jessica Blois was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1750597). Tina Heger was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project number HE 5893/8-1). Data were obtained from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database (http://www.neotomadb.org) and its constituent database, the North American Pollen Database. The work of data contributors, data stewards, and the Neotoma community is gratefully acknowledged. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Queensland, as part of the Wiley - The University of Queensland agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. This paper developed from discussions at the PaleoNovelty workshop, held remotely and supported by the Paleosynthesis program, funded by Volkswagen Foundation and awarded to WK and others. This work was funded by ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award DE240100398 awarded to Timothy L. Staples and Discovery Project grant DP210100804 awarded to John M. Pandolfi and Wolfgang Kiessling. Anne E. Magurran, Maria Dornelas and Amelia M. Penny acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG\u20102019\u2010402). The of SENACYT (Panam\u00E1) supported Aaron O'Dea. Jessica Blois was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR\u20101750597). Tina Heger was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project number HE 5893/8\u20101). Data were obtained from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database ( http://www.neotomadb.org ) and its constituent database, the North American Pollen Database. The work of data contributors, data stewards, and the Neotoma community is gratefully acknowledged. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Queensland, as part of the Wiley \u2010 The University of Queensland agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n This work was funded by ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award DE240100398 awarded to TLS and ARC Discovery Project DP210100804 awarded to JMP and WK. AEM, MD & AMP acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG\u20102019\u2010402). The of SENACYT (Panam\u00E1) supported AO. JLB was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR\u20101750597). TH was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project number HE 5893/8\u20101). Funding: Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3nPeer-reviewe
Democracy Sausage with Mark Kenny: Rizzinformation
No full textPolitical communications expert Andrea Carson joins Democracy Sausage to discuss social media, misinformation and disinformation and what ideas, if any, are actually landing with a disengaged electorate
The most consequential policy pivot in the election campaign went almost unnoticed
No full textSome may find it strange that the most consequential policy pivot announced in the election campaign went almost unnoticed.Not peer-reviewe
Implementing a national programme of pathogen genomics for public health: the Australian Pathogen Genomics Program (AusPathoGen)
No full textDelivering large-scale routine pathogen genomics surveillance for public health is of considerable interest, although translational research models that promote national-level implementation are not well defined. We describe the development and deployment of the Australian Pathogen Genomics Program (AusPathoGen), a comprehensive national partnership between academia, public health laboratories, and public health agencies that commenced in January, 2021. Successfully establishing and delivering a national programme requires inclusive and transparent collaboration between stakeholders, defined and clear focus on public health priorities, and support for strengthening national genomics capacity. Major enablers for delivering such a programme include technical solutions for data integration and analysis, such as the genomics surveillance platform AusTrakka, standard bioinformatic analysis methods, and national ethics and data sharing agreements that promote nationally integrated surveillance systems. Training of public health officials to interpret and act on genomic data is crucial, and evaluation and cost-effectiveness programmes will provide a benchmark and evidence for sustainable investment in genomics nationally and globally.We acknowledge the contributions of all partners in AusPathoGen (the partner list is present in the appendix pp 1\u20132 ) for the success of the programme. Ethics approval was obtained from the Royal Melbourne Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (study number HREC/83761/MH-2022) under the Australian National Mutual Acceptance Scheme, with subsequent recognition by authorised Human Research Ethics Committees from all participating jurisdictions. Ethics approval for research activities conducted under the evaluation and implementation programme was obtained from the Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number 2022/407). This study was funded by the Medical Research Futures Fund Genomics Health Future Mission - Pathogen Genomics Grant ( FSPGN00049 ), administered by the Australian Government Department of Health; BPH received an Investigator Grant ( GNT1196103 ) from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia . The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. We acknowledge the contributions of all partners in AusPathoGen (the partner list is in the appendix pp 1\u20132) for the success of the programme. Ethics approval was obtained from the Royal Melbourne Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (study number HREC/83761/MH-2022) under the Australian National Mutual Acceptance Scheme, with subsequent recognition by authorised Human Research Ethics Committees from all participating jurisdictions. Ethics approval for research activities conducted under the evaluation and implementation programme was obtained from the Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number 2022/407). This study was funded by the Medical Research Futures Fund Genomics Health Future Mission - Pathogen Genomics Grant (FSPGN00049), administered by the Australian Government Department of Health; BPH received an Investigator Grant (GNT1196103) from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.Peer-reviewe
Public support for novel interventions to protect, restore, and accelerate adaptation to climate change in the Great Barrier Reef
No full textNovel technological interventions are under development to build the resilience of ecosystems by providing short-term protection from climate extremes, enhancing recovery from disturbance, and accelerating adaptation to changed climate states. Drawing on surveys of Australian residents (n = 5320) conducted in 2018 and 2022, this paper investigates support for the development and deployment of six novel interventions on the Great Barrier Reef (marine cloud brightening, fogging, rubble stabilization, coral seeding, natural breeding for heat tolerance, and genetic engineering) and how support varies across time, social groups, perception of climate risk, and approach to intervention. It finds strong support for research and small-scale trials of all six interventions although support was highest for coral seeding, followed by rubble stabilization, fogging, natural breeding, marine cloud brightening, and genetic engineering. Reflecting their early stage of development, support for large-scale deployment of novel interventions across the Great Barrier Reef moderated, with respondents indicating strongest support for deployment of coral seeding, rubble stabilization, and fogging and lower support for natural breeding, marine cloud brightening, and genetic engineering. Trust in science to deliver solutions was a consistently strong predictor of support for both intervention R&D and large-scale deployment. The perceived ability to identify and test environmental impacts was a strong predictor of support for scaled deployment. Perceived climate threat, trust in the Reef's management authority, and ethics were also consistently associated with support for intervention R&D and implementation. With the vast majority of Australian residents supporting strong action to protect and restore coral reefs the maintenance of trust in scientists and scientific institutions stands out as critical to support for the implementation of novel interventions at scale, including the ability of researchers to identify and assess the environmental risks of these interventions.The Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program (RRAP) is funded through a partnership between the Australian Government\u2019s Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. Partners include the Australian Institute of Marine Science, CSIRO, James Cook University, Queensland University of Technology, the University of Queensland and Southern Cross University. The surveys on which this manuscript draws were conducted as part of RRAP\u2019s Stakeholder and Traditional Owner Engagement Subprogram. They aim to provide a longitudinal understanding of Australian attitudes toward the development and deployment of novel reef restoration and adaptation options, along with the factors that influence attitudes toward restoration and adaptation. Financial support for this research was provided through the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program, funded by the partnership between the Australian Government\u2019s Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. Grant Number: RRAP-ENG-01 A substantial body of literature addresses public support for solar radiation management (SRM) (Bellamy and Lezaun, 2017; Burns et al., 2016; Merk et al., 2015; Pidgeon et al., 2012). The dominant focus within this literature on atmospheric aerosol injection and other geoengineering technologies reflects the significant governance and political challenges raised by global-scale climate manipulation (McLaren and Corry, 2021). It also means though that research on support for local- or regional-scale application of SRM for ecosystem protection is limited. A similarly large body of literature addresses public support for active restoration and strategies to involve communities in restoration projects across a diversity of ecosystems (Budiharta et al., 2018; Buijs, 2009; van Oosterzee et al., 2020) including coral reefs (Le et al., 2022; Sebastian et al., 2024; Trialfhianty and Suadi, 2017). Meanwhile the literature on public support for adaptation-focused interventions is dominated by studies of terrestrial species translocation and genetic manipulation (Hajjar and Kozak, 2015; Moshofsky et al., 2019) with only a small number, again, addressing support for the assisted adaptation of coral reef ecosystems. In addition, most studies of public acceptance rely on: (1) cross-sectional designs, investigating the views of a single community; (2) at one point in time; and (3) evaluate only one type of intervention (Burns et al., 2016; Klaus et al., 2020). A more extensive literature review of the factors influencing public support for novel ecosystem protection, restoration, and adaptation interventions is provided in Appendix A.Whether respondents valued the Reef and whether they believed the Reef is under threat from climate change generally had a positive effect size on support for outdoor trials. The perceived value of the GBR as a national asset had the strongest effect size for rubble stabilization (standardized mean odds ratio = 1.70, p-valuePeer-reviewe
ALESS-JWST: Joint (Sub)kiloparsec JWST and ALMA Imaging of z ~ 3 Submillimeter Galaxies Reveals Heavily Obscured Bulge Formation Events
No full textWe present JWST NIRCam imaging targeting 13 z ~ 3 infrared-luminous (LIR ∼ 5 × 1012L⊙) galaxies from the ALESS survey with uniquely deep, high-resolution (0 . ″ 08-0 . ″ 16) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 870 μm imaging. The 2.0-4.4 μm (observed frame) NIRCam imaging reveals the rest-frame near-infrared stellar emission in these submillimeter-selected galaxies at the same (sub)kiloparsec resolution as the 870 μm dust continuum. The newly revealed stellar morphologies show striking similarities with the dust continuum morphologies at 870 μm, with the centers and position angles agreeing for most sources, clearly illustrating that the spatial offsets reported previously between the 870 μm and Hubble Space Telescope morphologies were due to strong differential dust obscuration. The F444W sizes are 78% ± 21% larger than those measured at 870 μm, in contrast to recent results from hydrodynamical simulations that predict larger 870 μm sizes. We report evidence for significant dust obscuration in F444W for the highest-redshift sources, emphasizing the importance of longer-wavelength MIRI imaging. The majority of the sources show evidence that they are undergoing mergers/interactions, including tidal tails/plumes—some of which are also detected at 870 μm. We find a clear correlation between NIRCam colors and 870 μm surface brightness on ∼1 kpc scales, indicating that the galaxies are primarily red due to dust—not stellar age—and we show that the dust structure on ∼kpc scales is broadly similar to that in nearby galaxies. Finally, we find no strong stellar bars in the rest-frame near-infrared, suggesting the extended bar-like features seen at 870 μm are highly obscured and/or gas-dominated structures that are likely early precursors to significant bulge growth.This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program No. 2516. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi: 10.17909/e33v-ga73 . Support for program No. 2516 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. S.K. acknowledges advice and support from Anton Koekemoer, Armin Rest, and Pablo Perez Gonzalez for the reduction of NIRCam data. We thank the anonymous referee and Joss Bland-Hawthorn for feedback on the manuscript. J.H. and B.W. acknowledge support from the ERC Consolidator grant 101088676 (\u201CVOYAJ\u201D). E.d.C. and J.L. acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (projects DP240100589 and CE170100013). A.M.S. and I.R.S. acknowledge STFC (ST/X001075/1). C.C.C. acknowledges support from the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (111-2112M-001-045-MY3), as well as Academia Sinica through the Career Development award (AS-CDA-112-M02). R.D. acknowledges support from the INAF GO 2022 grant \u201CThe birth of the giants: JWST sheds light on the buildup of quasars at cosmic dawn\u201D and by the PRIN MUR \u201C2022935STW,\u201D RFF M4.C2.1.1, CUP J53D23001570006 and C53D23000950006. T.R.G. acknowledge funding from the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant DNRF140. K.K. acknowledges support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. M.R. is supported by the NWO Veni project \u201CUnder the lens\u201D (VI.Veni.202.225).Peer-reviewe
The Dark Forest and the Lonely Village: Reimagining Centre and Margin in French Border Series, from Zone blanche (2017–2019) to La Forêt (2017)
No full textOver the past ten years, French, Belgian and Luxembourgish television screens have become increasingly green, grey and black. By contrast with French screen production’s traditional focus on urban centres, especially Paris, many of the most successful series commissioned by national television production companies and the Netflix France division are set in remote French-speaking villages in forested border regions, where horror lurks in the deep, dark woods. This article explores the rise of what Michael Gott calls the “forest-set border series” and its repeated portrayal of the isolated francophone European village and the wilds of the woods that surround it. Series such as Mathieu Missoffe’s Zone blanche (2017–2019) and Delinda Jacob’s La Forêt (2017) are set on the margins in a literal, geographic sense; perched upon the periphery of the nation state. Yet this article asks whether these villages are truly a marginal or central space; a fringe territory or a new transnational heartland that has come to dominate French, European and international screens.Peer-reviewe
Chiral Lemniscate Formation in Magnetic Field Controlled Topological Fluid Flows
No full textHigh shear spinning top (ST) typhoon-like fluid flow in a rapidly rotating inclined tube within a vortex fluidic device (VFD) approaches homochirality throughout the liquid with toroids of bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) twisted into stable chiral lemniscates (in the shape of Figure 8s), predominantly as the R-or S-structures, for the tube rotating clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW). However, this is impacted by the Earth's magnetic field (BE). Theory predicts 1–20 MPa pressure for their formation, with their absolute chirality determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Thus, the resultant lemniscate structures establish the absolute chirality of the inner and outer components of the ST flow. These chiral flows and lemniscates can be flipped to the opposite chirality by changing the orientation of the tube relative to the inclination angle of BE, by moving the geographical location. Special conditions prevail where the tangential angle of the outer and inner flow of the ST becomes periodically aligned with BE, which respectively dramatically reduce the formation of toroids (and thus lemniscates) and formation of lemniscates from the toroids formed by the double-helical (DH) flow generated by side wall Coriolis forces and Faraday waves.Support of this work by the Australian Research Council (DP200101105, DP200101106, and DP230100479), and the Government of South Australia is greatly acknowledged, as is the expertise, equipment, and support provided by the South Australian nodes of Microscopy Australia (MA) and the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF) as an initiative under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) at Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis. Open access publishing facilitated by Flinders University, as part of the Wiley - Flinders University agreement via the Council of Australian University LibrariansPeer-reviewe