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Corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy AA 5052 in carbonated non-alcoholic drinks : diploma thesis
No full textIspitivanja u ovom radu izvršena su na uzorku aluminijske AlMgCr legure (oznake AA 5052) koja se koristi u prehrambenoj industriji za izradu limenki za pakiranje bezalkoholnih gaziranih pića. Ponašanje legure ispitano je u nekoliko poznatih i široko konzumiranih pića, kao što su Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Red Bull i Red Bull – Light. Obzirom na sastav promatrana pića se mogu podijeliti u tri skupine: pića s ortofosfatnom kiselinom (Coca Cola i Pepsi Cola), pića s limunskom kiselinom (Sprite, Fanta) i pića s kofeinom (Red Bull, Red Bull – Light). Korozijsko ponašanje legure ispitano je praćenjem vremenske promjene potencijala otvorenog strujnog kruga, primjenom polarizacijskih metoda i impedancijske spektroskopije, a oštećenja na površini metala nastala polarizacijom potvrđena su svjetlosnim mikroskopom. U promatranim osvježavajućim gaziranim pićima korozijska otpornost AA 5052 legure raste redom: Coca Cola < Pepsi Cola < Red Bull < Red Bull - Light < Sprite < Fanta. Naime, istim redom smanjuje se korozijska struja, a povećava polarizacijski otpor. U svim gaziranim pićima brzina korozije aluminijske legure može se smatrati zanemarivo malom (čak je za 3-4 reda veličine manja od vrijednosti dopuštene u praksi), a ni u jednom slučaju na površini aluminijske elektrode nisu vidljiva značajna oštećenja. Korozijska otpornost AA 5052 legure posljedica je formiranja površinskog oksidnog sloja čija svojstva ovise o kemijskom sastavu gaziranih pića. Naime, impedancijska mjerenja provedena na potencijalu otvorenog strujnog kruga pokazuju da askorbinska kiselina (prisutna u pićima Sprite i Fanta) i kofein (prisutan u pićima Red Bull i Red Bull – Light) poboljšavaju svojstva površinskog filma (veći otpor i debljina, kompaktnija struktura).The tests in this paper were performed on aluminum AlMgCr alloy (code AA 5052) used in the food industry for making carbonated non-alcoholic drinks cans. The behavior of the alloy has been tested in several well- known and widely consumed carbonated non-alcoholic drinks, such as Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Red Bull and Red Bull - Light. According to their composition, the soft drinks can be divided into three groups: drinks with orthophosphate acid (Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola), drinks with citric acid (Sprite, Fanta) and drinks with caffeine (Red Bull, Red Bull - Light). The corrosion behavior of alloy was investigated using open circuit potential measurements, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, while the damages on metal surface caused by polarization were confirmed by a light microscope. In the observed soft drinks, the corrosion resistance of AA 5052 alloy increases in sequence: Coca Cola < Pepsi Cola < Red Bull < Red Bull - Light < Sprite < Fanta. Namely, the corrosion current decreases in same order, while the polarization resistance increases. In all carbonated drinks, the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy can be considered negligible (even 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than the value allowed in practice). In all cases, no significant damages were seen on the aluminum electrode surface. The corrosion resistance of the AA 5052 alloy is a consequence of the surface layer formation whose properties primarily depend on the chemical composition of the carbonated non-alcoholic drinks. Specifically, impedance measurements conducted at the open circuit potential show that citric acid (present in Sprite and Fanta drinks) and caffeine (present in Red Bull and Red Bull - Light drinks) improve the properties of the surface film (greater resistance and thickness, more compact structure)
Developing a HACCP system in the cheese making process : bachelor thesis
No full textS datumom pristupanja Republike Hrvatske (RH) u Europsku uniju, u RH na snagu stupa novi Zakon o hrani i Zakon o higijeni hrane i mikrobiološkim kriterijima za hranu, Zakon o službenim kontrolama koje se provode sukladno propisima o hrani, hrani za životinje, o zdravlju i dobrobiti životinja te Zakon o informiranju potrošača o hrani, što čini temelj za osiguranje visoke razine zaštite zdravlja ljudi i interesa potrošača. Uredbe EU od 01. srpnja 2013. postaju izravno primjenjive. HACCP sustav ima veliku ulogu u sprječavanju opasnosti ili snižavanju razine opasnosti na prihvatljivu razinu te kontroli kritičnih točaka. Sustavi kontrole kvalitete hrane su važan i neizostavan dio svake organizacije koja se bavi proizvodnjom i preradom hrane. Svrha ovog rada je opisati uspostavu sustava kontrole HACCP sustava u proizvodnom pogonu sirane Puđa d.o.o. u procesu proizvodnje tvrdog sira te općeniti prikaz uspostavljanja HACCP sustava u tvornici. Opisani su rizici, odgovarajuće kontrolne mjere i postupak utvrđivanja kritičnih kontrolnih točaka tijekom procesa proizvodnje. Određivanje kritičnih kontrolnih točaka provedeno je pomoću analize opasnosti i uz pomoć stabla odluke. Opisano je uspostavljanje sustava nadzora tijekom kontroliranja kontrolnih točaka što je i pokrijepljeno primjerom iz internih dokumenata. Navedene su i popravne radnje kao i sva ostala dokumentacija koju obuhvaća HACCP sustav.With the date of accession of the Republic Croatia (HR) to the European union, in HR came into force the new Food Act and the Law of food hygiene and microbiological criteria for food, the Law on official controls carried out in accordance with the regulations on food, food for animals, animal health and welfare and the Law on food information to consumers, which forms the basis for ensuring a high level of protection of human health and consumer interests. EU regulations from July 1, 2013. become directly applicable. The HACCP system plays a major part in preventing hazards or reducing hazard levels to an acceptable level and controlling critical points. Food quality control systems are an important and indispensable part of any food production and processing organization. The purpose of this paper is to describe the establishment of a HACCP control system at the Puđa d.o.o. in the process od making hard cheese, and a general review of the establishment of the HACCP system at the factory. The risks, appropriate control measures and the process of identifying critical control points during the manufacturing process are described. The determination of critical control points is performed with hazard analysis and with the help of a decision tree. Establishment of a control system during system control of control critical points is described, which is covered by the example from internal documents. Remedial actions are listed as are all other documentation covered by the HACCP system
Preparation of transparent natural soap : bachelor thesis
No full textSapun je organski spoj dobiven reakcijom saponifikacije. Saponifikacija predstavlja hidrolizu estera viših masnih kiselina koje, pod utjecajem alkalija izravno stvaraju soli viših masnih kiselina (sapun) te se izdvaja glicerol. Zbog brojnih svojstava kao što su emulgiranje, pjenjenje, dispergiranje i kvašenje pronalaze široku primjenu kao sredstva za osobnu higijenu i za pranje u kućanstvu. Iako je proces saponifikacije poznat još od davnina, danas se sve više teži proizvesti prirodne sapune bez upotrebe dodatnih kemikalija u svrhu očuvanja okoliša i općenito zdravlja čovjeka. U ovom radu cilj je bio proizvesti transparentni sapun uporabom prirodnih sirovina te ispitati njegova svojstva .Soap is an organic compound obtained by a saponification reaction. Saponification is the hydrolysis of higher fatty acid esters which, under the influence of alkalis, directly produce higher fatty acid salts (soap) and glycerol is separated. Due to numerous properties such as emulsifying, foaming, spraying and wetting, they are widely used for personal hygiene, washing and household products. Although the saponification process has been known since ancient times, today we are trying to produce natural soaps without use of additional chemicals for the purpose of preserving the environment and human health in general. In this bachelor thesis the aim was to produce transparent soap using natural raw materials and to examine its propreties
Volatile compounds of lilac flowers : bachelor thesis
No full textJorgovan (Syringavulgaris) je cvjetnica iz porodice maslina (Oleaceae) i autohtona biljna vrsta Balkanskog poluotoka. Jorgovan je dekorativna biljka koja raste u vrtovima i parkovima diljem Europe. Cijenjena je zbog svojih ružičastih ili bijelih cvjetova intenzivnog mirisa. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio odrediti profil hlapljivih spojeva cvjetova jorgovana. Hlapljivi spojevi izolirani su dvjema metodama, vodenom destilacijom, uobičajenom metodom za izolaciju eteričnih ulja, i mikroekstrakcijom vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME). Analiza hlapljivih spojeva provedena je plinskom kromatografijom-masenom spektrometrijom (GC/MS). Glavni sastojci eteričnog ulja jorgovana su ravnolančani zasićeni ugljikovodici trikosan (25,7 %) i heneikosan (14,8 %), a slijede aldehid 2,6,10,15,18-pentametildokosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaen-22-al (11,7 %), diterpenski alkohol geranilgeraniol (8,7 %) i seskviterpenskiketon 6,10,14-trimetilpentadekan-2-on (6,6 %). Glavni sastojak vršnih para jorgovana je monoterpenski ugljikovodik β-ocimen (33,4 %), a slijede derivati benzena benzil-alkohol (14,3 %) i 1,2,4-trimetoksibenzen (12,7 %). Kvalitativno i kvantitativno, terpenski spojevi nisu najvažniji sastojci eteričnog ulja i vršnih para i cvjetova jorgovana.Lilac(Syringavulgaris)is a speciesoffloweringplantintheolivefamily (Oleaceae), native to theBalkan Peninsula. Itisornamentalplantwidelycultivatedingardensandparksalloverthe Europe. Lilacis appreciated for itsscentedpinkorwhiteflowerssotheaimofthisstudywas to determinethechemical profile oflilacflowervolatilecompounds. Lilacvolatilecompoundswereisolatedbytwomethods, hydrodistillation, commonlyusedmethodofessentialoilisolation, andheadspacesolid-phasemicroextraction (HS-SPME). Analysisofvolatilesampleswascarriedoutby gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GC/MS). Themainconstituentsoflilacessentialoilwerestraightchainedsaturatedhydrocarbonstricosane (25,7 %) andheneicosane (14,8 %) followedbyaldehyde 2,6,10,15,18-pentamethyldocosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaen-22-al (11,7 %), diterpenealcoholgeranylgeraniol (8,7 %) andsesquiterpeneketone6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (6,6 %). The major constituentofheadspacesamplewasmonoterpenehydrocarbonβ-ocimene (33,4 %) followedby benzene derivativesbenzylalcohol (14,3 %) and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene (12,7 %). Qalitativelyandquantitatively, terpeneswerenotdominatingcompoundsinlilacessentialoilandheadspace
Equilibrium sorption of copper using egg shells (T=318 K) : diploma thesis
No full textU ovom je diplomskom radu istraživana sorpcija bakrovih iona iz otopina bakrova(II) nitrata trihidrata, različitih početnih koncentracija (3,881 mmol dm-3, 7,780 mmol dm-3, 11,763 mmol dm-3, 19,305 mmol dm-3, 30,576 mmol dm-3 te 39,390 mmol dm-3) na ljuskicama jaja u šaržnom reaktoru pri ravnotežnim uvjetima: temperatura od 318 K, brzina okretaja od 200 okr min-1 i trajanje od 72 h. Porastom ravnotežne koncentracije bakrovih iona u otopini (ce) sve do koncentracije od 11,763 mmol dm-3 uočava se lagani porast količine sorbiranih bakrovih iona na ljuskicama jaja, qe, a zatim dolazi do naglog porasta za više ravnotežne koncentracije bakrovih iona u otopini. Dobivena vrijednost maksimalne količine sorbiranih bakrovih iona qe = 6,237 mmol g-1 predstavlja ujedno i ravnotežnu količinu bakrovih iona koji se mogu vezati na ljuskicama jaja. Učinkovitost sorpcije bakrovih iona na ljuskicama jaja raste s porastom početne koncentracije bakrovih iona u otopini te dostiže svoj maksimum pri početnoj koncentraciji od 30,576 mmol dm-3. Dobiveni eksperimentalni podatci su uspoređivani s Langmuirovim, Freundlichovim, Tothovim, Redlich-Petersonovim te Sipsovim adsorpcijskim modelom. Dobiveno je jako loše slaganje eksperimentalno dobivenih podataka s odabranim adsorpcijskim modelima što potvrđuju i jako visoke vrijednosti dobivene za srednju relativnu pogrešku (AARD) te niske vrijednosti dobivene za nelinearni koeficijent korelacije (r2). S obzirom da niti jedan od odabranih modela izotermi nije pokazao dobro slaganje s eksperimentalno dobivenim podatcima nije moguće procijeniti o kojoj vrsti adsorpcije se radi.In this diploma thesis the sorption of the copper ions from copper(II) nitrate trihydrate solutions on egg shells was studied. Different starting concentrations (3.8881 mmol dm-3, 7.780 mmol dm-3, 11.763 mmol dm-3, 19.305 mmol dm-3, 30.576 mmol dm-3 and 39.390 mmol dm-3) were used in a batch reactor under experimental conditions: temperature of 318 K, speed of 200 rpm and duration of 72 h. There is a slight increase in the amount of copper ions sorbed (qe) on egg shells with the increase of equilibrium concentrations of copper ions in solution (ce) up to a concentration of 11.763 mmol dm-3 and then there is a sudden increase of copper ions sorption observed for higher equilibrium concentrations of copper ions solutions. The obtained maximum sorption capacity of copper ions sorbed qe = 6.237 mmol g-1 equals the equilibrium sorption capacity of copper ions that can be sorbed on egg shells. The sorption efficiency of copper ions on egg shells increases with the increase of the initial concentration of copper ions in the solution and reaches its maximum value for the initial concentration of 30.576 mmol dm-3. The experimental data obtained were compared to Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, Redlich-Peterson and Sips's adsorption model. There is a very poor consistency of the experimentally obtained data with selected adsorption models, which was confirmed by the extremely high values of the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and low values obtained for the nonlinear correlation coefficient (r2). Since none of the selected isotherm models showed good agreement with the experimentally obtained data, it is not possible to ascertain the type of sorption
Properties of electrolyte solutions : bachelor thesis
No full textObrađena tema daje osnovne informacije o prirodi, svojstvima i ponašanju elektrolitnih otopina. Opisana su međudjelovanja u elektrolitnim otopinama kao i njihove posljedice – stvaranje ionskih nakupina i solvatacija iona. U otapalima niske relativne električne permitivnosti dolazi do reakcije ionske asocijacije pri nižim koncentracijama, a kod većih koncentracija dolazi do reakcije asocijacije ionskog para s drugim kationima i anionima pa nastaju trostruki ioni i kvadrupoli. Nastajanje ionskih parova i većih agregata može se proučavati ispitivanjem njihovih termodinamičkih, transportnih i spektroskopskih svojstava. Najpreciznija metoda za određivanje termodinamičke konstante reakcije asocijacije je mjerenje vodljivosti pri niskim koncentracijama.The discussed topic provides basic information about the nature, properties and behavior of electrolytic solutions. Interactions in electrolytic solutions are described as well as their consequences-the formation of ionic clusters and ion solvation. In solvents of low relative electric permitivity, the reaction of the ionic association occurs at lower concentrations, while at higher concentrations the reaction of association of the ion par with other cations and anions occurs. The result is formation of triple ions and quadrupoles. The formation of ion pairs and larger aggregates can be studied by examining their thermodynamic, transport and spectroscopic properties. The most accurate method for determination of the thermodynamic constant of the association reactions is measuring conductivity at low concentrations
Removal of manganese from aqueous solution by aeration, alkalinisation, coagulation/flocculation and ion exchange by batch process : bachelor thesis
No full textMangan i željezo nužno je ukloniti iz vode za ljudsku potrošnju jer dovode do promjene njenih organoleptičkih svojstava (metalan okus i miris, crvenosmeđa boja) te do pojave mutnoće. Takva voda se ne može upotrijebiti ni u industrijske svrhe jer uzrokuje različite probleme - boji proizvode (papir, tekstil), sužava profil cijevi (uslijed stvaranja želatinoznih taloga i biomase) što smanjuje učinkovitost grijača te koroziju koja može dovesti do puknuća tankova i pumpi. Zbog svega navedenog nužno je smanjiti koncentraciju mangana i željeza u vodi za ljudsku potrošnju do ispod maksimalno dopuštenih koncentracija (MDK) koje iznose 0,05 mg/L za mangan te 0,2 mg/L za željezo. U ovome radu ispitano je uklanjanje mangana iz vodene otopine koncentracije γ ≈ 20 mg/L postupcima aeracije, alkalinizacije, koagulacije/flokulacije uz filtraciju te ionske izmjene na prirodnom zeolitu šaržnim postupkom. Kombinacijom navedenih postupaka postignuto je uklanjanje mangana do ≈ 50% s zaostalom koncentracijom u otopini u rasponu od 5,02 do 9,78 mg/L. Za ispitane eksperimentalne uvjete najoptimalnije bi bilo provesti uklanjanje mangana kombinacijom aeracije u trajanju od 1 h uz alkalinizaciju vapnenim mlijekom te ionske izmjene u vremenu od 40 min uz S/L omjer 2,0-2,5/50. Za postizanje zaostale koncentracije mangana ispod MDK buduća istraživanja bi trebalo usmjeriti na aeraciju uz alkalinizaciju do pH ≥ 9,5, a potom na višestupanjsku ionsku izmjenu na prirodnom zeolitu šaržnim postupkom i/ili postupkom u koloni.Manganese and iron should be removed from water for human consumption as they lead to changes in its organoleptic properties (metallic taste and odour, red-brown colour) and appearance of turbidity. Such water cannot be used for industrial purposes as well, since it causes different problems - colored products (paper, textile), narrowed pipes profile (due to the formation of gelatinous precipitates and biomass) which reduces the efficiency of the heaters, as well as corrosion which can cause the rupture of tanks and pumps. Thus, it is necessary to decrease the concentration of manganese and iron in water for human consumption below the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) which equals 0.05 mg/L for manganese and 0.2 mg/L for iron. In this paper the removal of manganese from an aqueous solution of concentration γ ≈ 20 mg/L has been investigated by aeration, alkalinisation, coagulation/flocculation followed by filtration, and ion exchange on the natural zeolite by batch process. By combination of these methods the removal of manganese up to ≈ 50% has been achieved with a residual concentration in the range from 5.02 to 9.78 mg/L. For the examined experimental conditions, it would be the most optimal to perform manganese removal by aeration for 1 hour and alkalinisation with lime followed by ion exchange for 40 minutes and S/L ratio of 2.0-2.5/50. In order to achieve the residual concentration below the MPC, future studies should be focused onto aeration with alkalinisation to pH ≥ 9.5 and then to a multistage ion exchange on the natural zeolite by batch and/or column method
A new approach of magnesium hydroxide synthesis by the precipitation process from seawater : diploma thesis
No full textIspitivanja su provedena u svrhu poboljšanja procesa precipitacije magnezijeva hidroksida iz morske vode primjenom ultrazvuka visokog intenziteta. Cilj je bio dobiti talog magnezijeva hidroksida što manjih veličina čestica koji bi i nakon sušenja zadržao istu veličinu čestica. Ispitivanja su provedena na uzorcima magnezijeva hidroksida u obliku mulja i voluminoznog praha. Kemijska analiza ukazuje na visoku čistoću dobivenog taloga, tj. visoki postotak MgO (65,45%) u uzorku magnezijeva hidroksida . FTIR analizom potvrđena je kemijska analiza. Oštri vrh kod 3699,77 cm -1 ukazuje na istezanje O-H skupine vezane na Mg, a savijanje pojavljuje se kod 1473,50 cm -1 . Istezanje O-H skupine koja je veza na na površinu uzorka (mulj) pojavljuje se kao široka vrpca kod 3600-3200 cm -1 , dok se savijanje ja vlja pri 1635,13 cm -1 . Metodom raspršenja laserskog svjetla određena je srednja veličina čestica mulja magnezijeva hidroksida (5,75 μm) i voluminoznog praha (7,58 μm). Primjena ultrazvuka utječe na veličinu čestica i na razbijanje nastalih aglomerata magnezijeva hidroksida kako u postupku precipitacije , tako i nakon sušenja. Zbog odstupanja raspodjele veličina čestica u uzorcima mulja i voluminoznog praha magnezijeva hidroksida nakon tretiranja ultrazvukom smatra se da je došlo do formiranja sraslaca. Metoda smrznutog sušenja (eng.: freeze dry) nije u potpunosti učinkovita u sprječavanju stvaranja sraslaca. SEM analiza voluminoznog praha magnezijevog hidroksida potvrđuje nastanak ljuspičastih i nitastih struktura nepravilnih oblika (debljine i ispod 100 nm) aglomeriranih u puno veće tvorevine (veličine μm). Nitaste strukture su veličine 1-10 nm, a ljuspice su puno veće.The investigation was carried out to improve the precipitation process of magnesium hydroxide from seawater by ultrasound of high intensity. The purpose was to obtain magnesium hydroxide precipitate with particle size as small as possible, which would retain the same particle size after the drying process. The investigations were conducted on magnesium hydroxide samples in the form of sludge and voluminous powder. The chemical analysis indicates a high purity of obtained precipitate, i.e. high percent of MgO (65.45 mass. %) in magnesium hydroxide sample. The FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical analysis. The O-H stretching bonded with Mg indicates a sharp peak at 3699.77 cm -1 , while the bending appears at 1473.50 cm -1 . The O-H stretching bonded attached at the surface of the sample (sludge) indicates as a broad band at 3600-3200 cm -1 , while the bending appears at 1635.13 cm -1 . The mean particle size of magnesium hydroxide sludge (5.75 µm) and voluminous powder (7.58 µm) were determined by the laser scattering method. The application of the ultrasound affects the particle size and reduces of precipitated magnesium hydroxide agglomerates during the precipitation process and after drying. The deviations of particle size in samples of magnesium hydroxide in form of sludge and voluminous powder after application of high intensity ultrasound are result of forming twin structures. The freeze dry method has not been successful in the prevention of forming twin structures. The formations of flaky and filamentous structures of irregula r shapes (below 100 nm) agglomerated into much larger structures (μm) in samples of magnesium hydroxide voluminous powder were confirmed by SEM analysis. The filamentous structures are 1 – 10 nm in size, while the flakes are much larger
The test response characteristics of FISE with membran LaF3 dimension 8x5 mm : bachelor thesisi
No full textU ovom radu ispitivane su odzivne karakteristike fluorid ionsko-selektivne elektrode (FISE) s membranom LaF 3 (Eu 1%) 8x5mm te unutarnjim elektrolitnim odnosno s unutarnjim čvrstim kontaktom pri pH 4,7. Ispitivan je i utjecaj nanočestica, koje su bile nanesene na površinu membrane, na odzivne karakteristike FISE. Elektroda uglavnom slijedi linearnu promjenu potencijala do koncentracije fluorida niže od 1×10 -5 mol L - 1 s promjenom potencijala po koncentracijskoj od 10 -5 do 10 -1 . Također je ispitan je i odziv elektrode u ovisnosti o vremenu. Stabilan potencijal za membranu LaF 3 (Eu 1%) 8x5mm se uspostavlja u vremenu od 0 min do 5 min, što ovisi o kondicioniranju same elektrode, ali i o unutarnjem kontaktu. Najbržu uspostavu stabilnog potencijala elektroda je pokazala s elektrolitnim kontaktom pri koncentraciji fluorida od 10 -3 mol L -1 .In this paper, were examined the response characteristics of a fluoride ion-selective electrode (FISE) with a LaF 3 membrane (Eu 1%) 8x5mm and internal electrolyte and internal solid contact at pH 4.7.The effect of nanoparticles deposited on the membrane surface on the response characteristics of FISE was also examined. The electrode generally follows a linear change in potential up to a fluoride concentration lower than 1 × 10 -5 mol L -1 with a change in potential at a concentration of 10 -5 do 10 -1 The response of the electrode as a function of time was also examined. The stable membrane potential of LaF 3 (Eu 1%) 8x5mm is established in the time from 0 min to 5 min, which depends on the conditioning of the electrode itself and also on the internal contact. The fastest establishment of the stable potential of the electrode was demonstrated by electrolyte contact at a fluoride concentration of 10 -3 mol L -1
Influence of the carbon fillers on the thermal properties of polylactide at simulated processing conditions : bachelor thesis
No full textModificiranje svojstava polilaktida (PLA) provedeno je u Zavodu za tehnologiju nafte i petrokemiju Fakulteta kemijskog inţenjerstva i tehnologije u Zagrebu dodatkom razliĉitih ugljikovih punila (grafitno punilo (CB), grafitne pahulje (CA) i višestijene ugljikove nanocijevi (MWCNT)). Uspješno pripravljeni kompoziti podvrgnuti su na Zavodu organsku tehnologiju Kemijsko-tehnološkog fakulteta u Splitu zagrijavanju i hlaĊenju s trima razliĉitim brzinama zagrijavanja/hlaĊenja (7, 10 i 13 °C min -1 ) zbog simuliranja uvjeta prerade. Simulacija je provedena primjenom diferencijalne pretraţne kalorimetrije (DSC). Istraţivan je utjecaj simuliranih uvjeta prerade na toplinska svojstva i kristalnost PLA kompozita s ugljikovim punilima. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da tijekom izrade polimernih izradaka od istraţivanih PLA kompozita treba voditi raĉuna o uvjetima tijekom prerade, vrsti ugljikova punila te udjelu punila u kompozitu koje se mora optimizirati kako bi se dobila ţeljena svojstva PLA kompozita.The modification of the polylactide (PLA) properties was carried out by the Department of Petroleum Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, with the addition of various carbon fillers (graphite (CB), graphite flakes (CA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)). Successfully prepared composites were subjected to heating and cooling at the Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology in Split, with three different heating/cooling rates (7, 10 and 13 ° C min- 1 ) to simulate processing conditions. The simulation was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of simulated processing conditions on the thermal properties and crystallinity of PLA fillers with carbon fillers was investigated. The results obtained indicate that during the fabrication of polymer products from the investigated PLA composites, processing conditions should be taken into account. The type of carbon filler and the proportion of filler in the composite must be optimized in order to obtain the desired properties of the PLA composites