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Intuitive interpretation of changes in kinetic-diffusion phenomena depending on the concetration of the basic electrolyte: oxidation of gallic acid on a glassy carbon electrode : master thesis
No full textNa pad membranskog potencijala kroz električni dvosloj uglavnom utječe koncentracija iona u difuznom sloju. Ovaj pad potencijala vlada se prema Poissonovoj jednadžbi (Gaussovom zakonu). Kako je ovaj parametar ključan za razumijevanje elektrokemijskih pojava i fenomena prijenosa mase, ovaj diplomski rad donosi detaljan osvrt na utjecaj koncentracije osnovnog elektrolita (kao izvora iona) na pad membranskog potencijala. U svjetlu ovih pojava, predloženo je objašnjenje fenomena vezanih za prijenos mase difuzijom u različitim koncentracijama osnovnog elektrolita. Nadalje, razjašnjen je različit utjecaj brzine posmika, kod cikličke voltametrije, na elektrokemijski signal u različitim koncentracijama osnovnog elektrolita. Kao mjerni sustav odabrana je ireverzibilna elektrokemijska oksidacija galne kiseline na elektrodi od staklastog ugljika velike površine. Elektrokemijska oksidacija provođena je u Britton-Robinsonovim puferima različitih koncentracija, ali iste pH vrijednosti. Eksperimentalni rezultati dobiveni cikličkom voltametrijom pri različitim koncentracije galne kiseline i različitoj koncentraciji pufera pokazali su da je ključni faktor koji određuje položaj i vrijednost strujnog vrha debljina difuznog sloja, kao i debljina difuzijskog sloja, a koji su ovisni o kinetici heterogenog prijelaza elektrona. Ovim se pristupom sugerira da ova dva procesa nisu neovisna jedan od drugog. Predstavljena je modificirana Butler-Volmerova jednadžba koja opisuje fenomene koji se događaju u mješovitoj (kinetičko-difuzijskoj) kontroli elektrokemijske oksidacije. Intuitivni pristup je dao objašnjenje i dodatni smisao anodnog prijenosnog koeficijenta. Kronoamperometrijska mjerenja te njihova podrobna analiza potvrdila su rezultate i objašnjenja temeljena na voltametrijskim rezultatima. Predočeno je kako se jednostavnim elektroanalitičkim metodama, detaljnom analizom i teorijskom analizom može intuitivno objasniti razlika u elektrokemijskom ponašanju oksidacije elektroaktivnih tvari u otopinama osnovnog elektrolita različite koncentracije u kontekstu utjecaja promjene parametara koji definiraju faktor λ.The drop of the membrane potential through the electric double layer is mainly influenced by the concentration of ions in the diffuse layer. This potential drop is governed by Poisson's equation (Gauss's law). As this parameter is crucial for the understanding of electrochemical phenomena and mass transfer phenomena, this thesis provides a detailed review of the influence of concentration of the basic electrolyte (as a source of ions) to the drop in the membrane potential. In the light of these phenomena, an explanation of the phenomena related to mass transfer by diffusion in different concentrations basic electrolyte. Furthermore, the different influence of the potential scan, in cyclic voltammetry, on the electrochemical signal in different concentrations. of the basic electrolyte was elucidated. The irreversible electrochemical oxidation of gallic acid on a glassy carbon electrode with a large surface area was chosen as the measuring system. Electrochemical oxidation was carried out in Britton-Robinson buffers of different concentrations, but the same pH value. Experimental results obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different concentrations gallic acid and different concentrations buffers found that the key factor that determines the position and value of the current peak is the thickness of the diffuse layer, as well as the thickness of the diffusion layer, which depend on the kinetics of heterogeneous electron transition. This approach suggests that these two processes are not independent of each other. A modified Butler-Volmer equation is presented that describes the phenomena occurring in the mixed (kinetic-diffusion) control of electrochemical oxidation. An intuitive approach provided an explanation and additional meaning for the anode transfer coefficient. Chronoamperometric measurements and their detailed analysis confirmed the results and explanations based on the voltammetric results. It is presented how simple electroanalytical methods, detailed analysis and theoretical analysis can intuitively explain the difference in the electrochemical behavior of the oxidation of electroactive substances in basic electrolyte solutions of different concentrations in the context of the influence of changes in the parameters that define the λ factor
Mathematical models in environmental protection : master thesis
No full textEksponencijalna i logistička funkcija značajne su pri analizi mnogih prirodnih procesa, poput rasta bakterija, virusa, stanovništva i slično, ovisno o vremenu t. Obzirom da je onečišćenje okoliša jedan od najvećih problema s kojima se susreće današnje društvo, cilj ovoga rada je pokazati primjenu logističke funkcije u predviđanju promjene vrijednosti biokemijske potrošnje kisika kao jednog od najznačajnijih parametara kojim se prati onečišćenje voda. Naglasak rada je i na usporedbi logističkog i Streeter-Phelpsovog modela te odabiru modela koji bolje opisuje biokemijsku potrošnju kisika.Exponential and logistic functions are important in the analysis of many natural processes, like growth of bacteria, viruses, human population and similar, depending on time t. Considering that environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems in modern society, the aim of this thesis is to show how the logistic function can be used in predicting change of biochemical oxygen demand, as one of the most important parameters used to describe water pollution. Focus is also on comparing the logistic model and Streeter-Phelps model and determining which model is better for describing changes in biochemical oxygen demand
Influence of red wine vinification procedure on the profile of red wine color components : bachelor thesis
No full textCrno vino je jedan od najstarijih poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda koji se dobiva procesom vinifikacije tijekom kojeg se iz pokožice bobica u grožđani sok ekstrahiraju tvari boje. Boja crnog vina je primarni vizualni kriterij po kojem se procjenjuje kategorija i kvaliteta vina, a ona potječe od fenolnih spojeva koji su najznačajnija grupa fitokemikalija u pokožici crnog grožđa. Glavni nosioci prepoznatljive crvene boje vina su antocijani, prirodni pigmenti koji reflektiraju svjetlost u rasponu od crvene do plave boje vidljivog spektra, a procesom maceracije prelaze u vino. U ovom radu se pobliže objašnjava klasična maceracija, termovinifikacija i maceracija uz dodatak pektolitičkih enzima te njihov utjecaj na profil tvari crnog vina. U uzorcima vina sakupljenim tijekom vinifikacije crnog grožđa Babica navedenim postupcima određeni su parametri boje (intenzitet boje (IB), nijansa boje (NB), optička gustoća (OG) te sadržaj antocijana, praćene su promjene istih i doneseni zaključci.Red wine is one of the oldest food-agricultural products obtained by vinification during which color substances from grape skins are extracted into grape juice. Red wine color is used as the primary visual criterion to evaluate wine quality, and it is derived from phenolic compounds which are the most significant group of phytochemicals present in red grape skin. Main carriers of the red wine's distinguishable color are anthocyanins, natural pigments that reflect light in the range from red to blue color of visible spectrum, and they are transferred to the wine by maceration. This paper will closely explain traditional maceration, thermovinification, and pectolytic enzyme-assisted macerations and its influence on the profile of red wine colour substances. Samples are collected during the mentioned vinification procedures of the red grapes from the Babica variety and different color parameters (color intensity (CI), color hue (H) and optical density (OD)) and anthocyanin content are detected and discussed, as well as changes of these parameters during the vinification
Coordination complexes of transitional metals: Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical research coordination complexes of nickel (II) : bachelor thesis
No full textKao polazna točka sinteze i primjene koordinacijskih kompleksa u znanosti i tehnologiji vrlo često je nikal, kao centar koordinacijskog spoja. Nanosintetizirani, strukturno različiti kompleksi, oksidi i hidroksid nikla danas su u širokoj upotrebi zbog svojih strukturnih karakteristika. Nikal je zbog svojih iznimnih osobina često korišten u sintezi koordinacijskih spojeva kao središnji atom/ion, odnosno kao koordinacijski centar. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti literaturu, sintetizirati Ni(II)kompleks i proučiti njegovu potencijalnu primjenu u senzorske ili katalitičke svrhe. Aktivni koordinacijski centar za potencijalnu primjenu je Ni(II)/Ni(III). Provedena je hidrotermalna sinteza i karakterizacija koordinacijskog kompleksa nikla(II) s 6- hidroksonikotinskom kiselinom i 4,4’-bipiridinom kao ligandima. Priređeni kompleks karakteriziran je infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom, pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom i elektrokemijskim metodama. Elektrokemijska karakterizacija je imala za cilj proučiti stabilnost kompleksa i istražiti reakciju oksidacije metanola na površini elektrode modificirane Ni(II)-kompleksom. Na temelju IR spektra i riješene strukture 1D polimera izvedena je strukturna i empirijska formula kompleksa. - {[C 10 H 16 NiN 2 O 4 ](C 6 H 4 NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O} n odnosno {[Ni(4,4’-bpy)(H 2 O) 4 ](6-Onic) 2 ×2H 2 O} n . Stvaranje visokih oksidativnih stanja metalnih iona (Ni 2+ ↔ Ni 3+ ) i razumijevanje reakcije prijelaza elektrona ključ je za razumijevanje i poboljšanje elektrooksidacije metanola. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako elektroda modificirana s Ni-kompleksom pokazuje izvrsnu katalitičku aktivnost prema metanolu (linearan odziv obzirom na koncentraciju), te pruža velik potencijal za razvoj senzora na bazi ovog kompleksa. Dobra stabilnost dobivenog kompleksa u širokom području potencijala ukazuje i na potencijalnu mnogo širu primjenu u senzorskoj industriji.The starting point for the synthesis and application of coordination complexes in science and technology is very often nickel as the center of the coordination complex. Nanosynthesized, structurally diverse nickel complexes, oxides and hydroxides are widely used today due to their structural properties. Due to its exceptional properties, nickel is often used as the central atom/ion, or coordination center, in the synthesis of coordination complexes. The aim of this work is to review the literature, synthesize a Ni complex and investigate its possible application for sensory or catalytic purposes. The active coordination center for possible application is Ni(II)/Ni(III). Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of the coordination complex of nickel(II) with 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine as ligands was carried out. The prepared complex are characterized by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical characterization aimed to study the stability of the complex and to investigate the methanol oxidation reaction on the surface of the electrode modified with the Ni(II) complex. Based on the IR spectrum and solved structures of 1D polymers, the structural and empirical formula of the complex was derived - {[C 10 H 16 NiN 2 O 4 ](C 6 H 4 NO 3 ) 2 ×2H 2 O} n or {[Ni(4,4'-bpy)(H 2 O) 4 ](6-onic) 2 ×2H 2 O} n . The creation of metal ions with high oxidation state (Ni 2+ ↔ Ni 3+ ) and the understanding of electron transfer reaction are the key to understand and improve the electrooxidation of methanol. The research results showed that the electrode modified with the Ni complex exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward methanol and linear response with respect to concentration, offering great potential for the development of sensors based on this complex. The good stability of the obtained complex in a wide range of potentials indicates a possible much broader application in the sensor industry
Modification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids obtained by transesterification of waste edible oils : master thesis
No full textSmjesi metilnih estera masnih kiselina određene su fizikalne značajke: gustoća i kinematička viskoznost, a primjenom GC-MS analize određen je njezin sastav. Modifikacija poli(3-hidroksibutirata) (PHB) je provedena dodatkom različitih udjela smjese metilnih estera masnih kiselina (SME) s ciljem poboljšavanja mehaničkih i toplinskih svojstava PHB-a i njegove šire komercijalne primjene. Uspješno su pripravljeni filmovi mješavina PHB/SME u kloroformu s 10 mas.%, 15 mas.%, 20 mas.%, 25 mas.% i 30 mas.% SME metodom izlijevanja filma iz otopine. Diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom određeni su fazni prijelazi PHB-a u mješavinama. Utvrđeno je da se, dodatkom SME, staklište PHB-a snižava, a stupanj kristalnosti raste. Primjenom FTIR analize ispitan je utjecaj SME na PHB.The physical characteristics of the fatty acid methyl ester mixture were determined: density and kinematic viscosity, and its composition was determined using GC-MS analysis. The modification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was carried out by adding different proportions of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with the aim of improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PHB and its wider commercial application. PHB/FAME films of mixtures were successfully prepared in chloroform with 10 mas.%, 15 mas.%, 20 mas.%, 25 mas.% and 30 mas.% FAME by casting the film from the solution. The phase transitions of PHB in the mixtures were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that FAME addition lowers the glass transition temperature but increases the melting temperature of PHB. The influence of FAME on PHB was also examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Population dynamics and significance of the Box tree moth - Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera) on area of Split-dalmatia county : master thesis
No full textŠimširov moljac, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859.) invazivan je štetnik sa izrazitim utjecajem na okoliš i ekonomiju. Cilj ovog istraživanja, provedenog tijekom 2022. godine, bio je istražiti pojavu odraslih jedinki, dužinu života, trajanje leta, dinamiku smrtnosti te strukturu populacije šišmirovog moljca na priobalnom području i unutrašnjosti Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Za potrebe istraživanja, na područjima Kaštela i Sinj-Brnaze, sakupljene su razvijene gusjenice te su razvijene do odraslih jedinki u polupoljskim uvjetima. Rezultati istraživanja dinamike izlaska odraslih jedinki i dinamika mortaliteta pokazuju razlike između istraživanih područja. Izlazak odraslih leptira na području Kaštela počinje ranije u odnosu na područje Sinj-Brnaze za oko 30 dana. Razvidno je da postoji razlika u dužini trajanja leta odraslih na istraživanim područjima. Na području Kaštela let odraslih traje do 50 dana dok je na području Sinj-Brnaze dužina leta značajno kraća i iznosi 32 dana. Istraživanja strukture populacije i odnosa spolova su potvrdila prisustvo dvaju morfoloških tipova: bijela forma i melanična (smeđa) forma odraslih leptira. Udio bijele forme u ukupnoj populaciji je dominantan i varira od 88% (Sinj-Brnaze) do 95% (Kaštela). Udio melaničnih ženki značajnije je zastupljen na području Sinj-Brnaze i iznosi 9% dok na području Kaštela iznosi 3% od ukupne populacije oba spola. Istovremeno, udio melaničnih mužjaka je u granicama od 2-3% na oba istraživana područja. Značajno je istaknuti dominaciju udjela mužjaka u odnosu na ženke na oba područja. Rokovi suzbijanja se mogu odrediti prema specifičnostima pojave i dužine trajanja leta leptira. Tako na obalnom području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, prva tretiranja treba provesti početkom srpnja, a na području Sinj-Brnaze početkom drugog tjedna kolovoza. Detaljni podaci o razdoblju leta i polaganju jaja od velike su važnosti za suzbijanje štetnika.The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) is an invasive pest with a significant impact on the environment and economy. The aim of this research conducted in 2022 was to assess the appearance of adults, length of life, duration of flight, mortality dynamics and population structure in the coastal area and interior of the Split-Dalmatia County. The purpose of the research was to collect developed caterpillars in the areas of Kaštela and Sinj-Brnaze and transform them into adults under semi-field conditions. The results of the research on the dynamics of adult exit and the dynamics of mortality show differences between the researched areas. The emergence of adult butterflies in the Kaštela area starts about 30 days earlier than in the Sinj-Brnaze area. It is clear that there is a difference in the duration of the flight of adults in the researched areas. Thus, in the area of Kaštela, the flight of adults lasts up to 50 days, while in the area of Sinj-Brnaze, the length of the flight is significantly shorter and amounts to 32 days. Research into population structure and gender relations confirmed the presence of two morphological types: the white form and the melanic (brown) form of adult butterflies. The share of the white form in the total population is dominant and varies from 88% (Sinj-Brnaze) to 95% (Kaštela). The share of melanic females is more significant in the area of Sinj-Brnaze and is 9%, while in the area of Kaštela it is 3% of the total population of both sexes. At the same time, the share of melanic males is in the range of 2-3% in both researched areas. It is important to point out the dominance of the share of males compared to females in both areas. Pest control deadlines can be adjusted according to the specifics of the appearance and duration of the butterfly's flight. Thus, in the coastal area of the Split-Dalmatia County, the first treatments should be carried out at the beginning of July, and in the area of Sinj-Brnaze, at the beginning of the second week of August. Detailed data on the flight period and egg-laying are of great importance for pest control
Calixarene derivatives in theranostics : bachelor thesis
No full textS ciljem procjene potencijala primjene derivata kaliksarena 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butil-25,27- dimetoksi-26,28-bis-((fenantridin-6-il)metoksi)kaliks[4]aren (D) u teranostici, u ovom su radu istražena njegova kompleksacijska svojstva s bojama rodaminom B, auraminom O i fluoresceinom te lijekom timokinonom pri čemu je zbog slabe topljivosti liganda korišten sustav otapala acetonitril/diklormetan. Konstante stabilnosti određene su na temelju provedenih spektrofotometrijskih titracija. Za kompleks [D- rodaminB] lg(K/dm 3 mol -1 ) = 4,55 + 0,01 te lg(K/dm 3 mol -1 ) = 5,61 + 0,05 za kompleks [D-auraminO]. Za kompleks [D-fluorescein] nije bilo moguće odrediti vrijednost konstante stabilnosti iako su eksperimentalni podaci upućivali na to da do stvaranja kompleksa dolazi. Upravo suprotno, s timokinonom kompleksiranje nije opaženo, vjerojatno zbog njegove strukturne nekomplementarnosti s veznim mjestom liganda. Proučavani derivat kaliksarena D dobar je receptor za istraživane boje, pri čemu je najveći afinitet pokazao prema auraminu O. Iako je ustanovljeno da ovaj derivat kaliksarena ima jako dobra receptorska svojstva, on nije topljiv u vodi, što je nužno za primjenu u teranostici, ali se očekuje da bi njegov vodotopivi analog koji bi iskoristio potencijal fenantridinskih skupina u veznom mjestu, mogao pokazati velik potencijal u teranostičkoj primjeni.With the aim of evaluating the application potential of calixarene derivatives 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert- butyl-25,27-dimethoxy-26,28-bis-((phenanthridin-6-yl)methoxy)calix[4]arene (D), in this thesis, its complexation properties with the dyes rhodamine B, auramine O and fluorescein and the drug thymoquinone were investigated. The stability constants were determined based on spectrophotometric titrations and the obtained values were lg(K/dm 3 mol -1 ) = 4.55 + 0.01 for [D-rhodamineB], and for complex [D-auramineO] lg(K/dm 3 mol -1 ) = 5.61 + 0.05. The value of the stability constant for [D-fluorescein] could not be determined, only estimated based on experimental data, while the formation of the complex with thymoquinone was not observed. The results indicate good binding of the studied dyes by the studied calixarene derivative. At the same time, the highest affinity of ligand D towards the formation of a complex was shown for auramine O. Although it was shown that this calixarene derivative has very good receptor properties, it is not soluble in water, which is necessary for its application in theranostics, but it is espected that its water-soluble analogue, that would exploit the potential of phenantridine groups at the binding site, could have great potential in theranostic applications
Corrosion behavior of aluminium alloy AA 5754 in different types of beers : bachelor thesis
No full textIspitivanja su izvršena na aluminijskoj AlMg leguri (oznake AA 5754) koja se u prehrambenoj industriji koristi za izradu limenki za pakiranje piva i bezalkoholnih gaziranih pića. Korozijsko ponašanje legure ispitano je u nekoliko različitih vrsta piva, kao što su Karlovačko svijetlo pivo, Karlovačko tamno pivo i Pittinger svijetlo pivo. Obzirom na sastav, promatrana pića se mogu podijeliti na: piva ječmene baze (Karlovačko svijetlo i Karlovačko tamno pivo) te piva pšenične baze (Pittinger svijetlo pivo). Ispitivanja su provedena praćenjem vremenske promjene potencijala otvorenog strujnog kruga, primjenom linearne i potenciodinamičke polarizacijske metode, a oštećenja na površini metala nastala polarizacijom potvrđena su optičkim mikroskopom. U ispitivanim pivima korozijska otpornost AA 5754 legure raste redom: Karlovačko tamno pivo < Karlovačko svijetlo pivo < Pittinger svijetlo pivo. Naime, istim redom smanjuje se korozijska struja, a povećava polarizacijski otpor. U svim promatranim pivima brzina korozije AA 5754 legure može se smatrati zanemarivo malom (čak je za 2-3 reda veličine manja od vrijednosti dopuštene u praksi).The tests in this paper were performed on aluminum AlMg alloy (marks AA 5754), which is used in the food industry for the production of cans for packaging beer and non-alcoholic carbonated drinks. Corrosion behavior of the alloy was tested in several different types of beer, such as Karlovačko light beer, Karlovačko dark beer and Pittinger light beer. Considering the composition, the observed drinks can be divided into: barley-based beers (Karlovačko light and Karlovačko dark beer) and wheat-based beers (Pittinger light beer). The tests were carried out by monitoring the time change of the open circuit potential, using the linear and potentiodynamic polarization methods, and the damage on the metal surface caused by polarization was confirmed by a light microscope. In the examined beers, the corrosion resistance of the AA 5754 alloy increases in the following order: Karlovačko dark beer < Karlovačko light beer < Pittinger light beer. Namely, the corrosion current decreases in same order, while the polarization resistance increase. In all observed beers, the corrosion rate of the AA 5754 alloy can be considered negligibly small (it is even 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the value allowed in practice)
Volatile compounds profile of lemon, myrtle and orange liqueurs : master thesis
No full textVeliki broj prirodnih spojeva u prehrambenim proizvodima nisu stabilni, osobito hlapljive tvari jer se mogu lako mijenjati prilikom procesa proizvodnje, dozrijevanja, skladištenja te uslijed djelovanja različitih vanjskih čimbenika. Zadatak ovog eksperimentalnog rada je bio identificirati hlapljive spojeve iz uzoraka domaćih likera od limuna, mirte i naranče. Izolacija hlapljivih spojeva izvedena je pomoću mikroekstrakcije vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME) koristeći plavo i pink polimerno vlakno s ovojnicama polidimetilsiloksan/divinilbenzen (PDMS/DVB). Izolirani spojevi su analizirani kombiniranim sustavom plinska kromatografija-spektrometrija masa (GC- MS). Najzastupljeniji spojevi u ispitivanim uzorcima su bili: 3-metilbutan-1-ol (5,7 - 56,5 %), 1,8-cineol (3,4 - 53,3 %), etil-heksadekanoat (1,2 - 26,1 %), α-terpineol (10,7 - 23,8 %) te 4-terpineol (10,7 - 19,2 %). Karakteristični spojevi u uzorcima su većinom terpeni, primjerice mirtenol, mirtenil-acetat, mirtenal i dr.Many compounds of natural origin in food products are not stable, especially volatile substances, due to the fact that they can be easily changed during the process of production, maturation, storage and due to the action of various external factors. The aim of this graduate thesis was to identify volatile compounds from samples of homemade liqueurs of lemon, myrtle and orange. Isolation of volatile compounds was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using blue and pink fiber with polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coating (PDMS/DVB). The isolated compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most common compounds in the tested samples were: 3-methylbutan-1-ol (5,7 - 56,5 %), 1,8- cineole (3,4 - 53,3 %), ethyl hexadecanoate (1,2 - 26,1 %), α-terpineol (10,7 - 23,8 %) and 4-terpineol (10,7 - 19,2 %). Characteristic compounds in samples are mainly terpenes, namely mirtenol, mirtenyl acetate, mirtenal, etc
Preparation of carbon paste sensor for acetobutolol detarmination : diploma thesis
No full textPripravljena je i opisana ion-selektivna elektroda na bazi ugljikove paste za acebutolol, kardiovaskularni lijek koji spada u skupinu beta-blokatora. Modificirana CPE temelji se na ugljikovoj pasti i ionsko-asocijacijskim kompleksima koji sadrže acebutolol i razna veziva. Ukupan broj pripravljenih i testiranih membrana s različitim udjelima ugljika, veziva i IAC-a je 20. Najbolje odzivne karakteristike pokazala je membrana 17 koja sadrži 52,3% grafita, 44,00% veziva, 2,80% IAC-a i 0,90% NaTPB. Tako modificirana elektroda pokazala je Nernstov nagib od -52,8 meV po koncentracijskog dekadi u području linearnosti od 3,16∙10 -6 do 3,16∙10 -3 M . Vrijeme potrebno za uspostavu stabilnog odziva je oko 1 minute. Ovako pripravljeni senzor moguće je primijeniti za određivanje acebutolola u biološkim uzorcima.An ion-selective electrode based on carbon paste for acebutolol, a cardiovascular drug from the family of beta blockers, determination was prepared and described. The modified CPE is based on carbon paste and ion association complexes which contain acebutolol dissolved in various bonding fluids. The total number of prepared and tested membranes with different proportions of carbon, bonding fluids and IAC is 20. The best response characteristics were shown by membrane 17 containing 52.3% graphite, 44.00% bonding fluid, 2.80% IAC and 0.90% NaTPB. The electrode thus modified showed a Nernst slope of -52.80 meV per concentration decade in the linearity range of 3.16∙10 -6 to 3.16∙10 -3 M. The time required to establish a stable response is about 1 minute. The sensor prepared in this way can be used to determine acebutolol in biological samples