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Testing membrane response based on FeS:Ag2S:PTFE = 1:1:2 with the addition of different aluminum oxide ratio : bachelor thesis
No full textU ovom radu ispitivan je odziv ion-selektivnih membrana na ione Fe 2+ s različitim udjelima nanočestica aluminijevog oksida pri pH=4 i pH=5. Membrane su bile sljedećeg sastava: RF1 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 AF1 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 uz dodatak 1% čestica Al 2 O 3 AF2 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 uz dodatak 0,5% čestica Al 2 O 3 AF3 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 uz dodatak 0,25% čestica Al 2 O 3 Ispitivanja su provedena metodom slijednog razrjeđivanja dok se potencijali ne bi ustalili ili dok razlike nisu bile manje od 1mV. Za svaku membranu mjerenje je ponavljano 3 puta te su rezultati prikazani grafički. Ovakav postupak ispitivanje odziva membrana je brz, jednostavan i jeftin te je vrlo često korištena metoda prilikom potenciometrijskih mjerenja.In this work, we examined the response of ion-selective membranes to Fe 2+ ions with different proportions of aluminum oxide nanoparticles at pH=4 and pH=5. The membranes had the following composition: • RF1 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 • AF1 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 with the addition of 1% Al 2 O 3 particles • AF2 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 with the addition of 0.5% Al 2 O 3 particles • AF3 → FeS:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 with the addition of 0.25% Al 2 O 3 particles Tests were performed using the sequential dilution method until the potentials were stabilized or until the differences were less than 1mV. For each membrane, the measurement was repeated 3 times, and we presented the results graphically. This procedure of membrane response testing is fast, simple and inexpensive, and is a very often used method for potentiometric measurements
The infuence of microwaves on glucosinolate content in white mustard and daikon seeds : bachelor thesis
No full textGlukozinolati su specijalizirani biljni metaboliti pronaĎeni u 16 različitih biljnih porodica reda Brassicales. Po kemijskoj strukturi su β-tioglukozidni-N-hidroksisulfati s promjenjivim bočnim lancem koji se biosintetizira iz aminokiselina. Glukozinolati su kemijski i biološki neaktivni spojevi, čijom enzimskom, termičkom ili kemijskom razgradnjom nastaju izotiocijanati, izocijanati, nitrili i drugi spojevi. Razumijevanje stabilnosti glukozinolata u uvjetima koji oponašaju obradu namirnica je važno budući da su ovi spojevi zastupljeni u hrani koja se svakodnevno konzumira (kupus, brokula, rotkva, gorušica...). U ovom radu promatrana je stabilnost glukozinolata iz sjemena bijele gorušice i daikona u uvjetima mikrovalnog zračenja. Primijenjene su različite snage mikrovalova: 500, 800 i 1200W. Glukozinolati su kvalitativno i kvantitativno analizirani koristeći UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Uzorak bijele gorušice nakon izlaganja snazi mikrovalova od 1200 W, ekstrahiran je diklormetanom u svrhu izolacije razgradnih produkata glukozinolata, koji su naposljetku identificirani korištenjem GC-MS tehnike. U bijeloj gorušici identificirani su epiprogoitrin, glukosinalbin, 4-hidroksiglukobrasicin i glukobrasicin, dok su u sjemenu daikona identificirani glukorafanin, glukorafenin, 4-hidroksiglukobrasicin i 4- metoksiglukobrasicin. Identificirana su 3 produkta razgradnje glukozinolata koji potječu od glukosinalbina: 4-hidroksibenzenil- izotiocijanat, 2-(4-hidroksifenil)acetonitril, 5-vinil-1,3-oksazolidin-2-tion. Iz dobivenih je rezultata vidljivo da je primjenom veće snage mikrovalova koncentracija identificiranih glukozinolata sve manja. Najveću koncentraciju glukozinolata ima sjeme koje nije izloženo mikrovalovima, dok najmanju koncentraciju glukozinolata ima sjeme izloženo mikrovalovima snage 1200W.Glucosinolates are specialized plant metabolites found in 16 different plant families of the order Brassicales. They have a chemical structure of β-thioglucoside-N-hydroxysulfates with a variable side chain synthesized from amino acids. Glucosinolates are chemically and biologically inactive compounds, which upon enzymatic, thermal, or chemical degradation, give isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles, and other compounds. Understanding the stability of glucosinolates under conditions simulating food processing is important as these compounds are present in commonly consumed foods such as cabbage, broccoli, radish, and mustard. This thesis examined the stability of glucosinolates from white mustard and daikon seeds exposed to microwave radiation. Different microwave powers were applied: 500, 800, and 1200W. Glucosinolates were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The white mustard sample, after exposure to 1200W microwave power, was extracted with dichloromethane to isolate degradation products of glucosinolates, which were ultimately identified using GC-MS technique. Glucosinolates identified in white mustard were epiprogoitrin, glucosinalbin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, and glucobrassicin, while in daikon seeds the identified glucosinolates were: glucoraphanin, glucoraphenin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. Three glucosinolate degradation products originating from glucosinalbin were identified: 4- hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile, and 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-thione. From the obtained results, it is evident that higher microwave power leads to decreasing concentrations of identified glucosinolates. The highest concentration of glucosinolates is found in seeds not exposed to microwaves, while the lowest concentration is in seeds exposed to 1200W microwave power
MODIFICATION OF CARBON NANOPARTICLES WITH BISMUTH AND BISMUTH(III) OXIDE - ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR FOR ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS : bachelor thesis
No full textU ovom radu upoznat ćemo se s prednostima jednozidnih ugljikovih nanocjevčica (SWCNT) i njihovom potencijalnom primjenom u senzorske svrhe. Ideja rada je kombinirati njihova iznimna svojstva u cilju razvoja modificirane elektrode optimalnih karakteristika. Ovaj završni rad predstavlja rezultate istraživanja ponašanja galne kiseline i cisteina na elektrodi od staklastog ugljika, modificiranoj ugljikovim nanocjevčicama s i bez dodatka bizmuta i bizmutova(III) oksida. Pripremljeni filmovi karakterizirani su cikličkom voltametrijom u fosfatnom elektrolitu pri različitim pH vrijednostima. U drugom dijelu rada, također na elektrodi od staklastog ugljika elektrodeponiran je bizmut i bizmutov(III) oksid, te je napravljena usporedba rezultata bez utjecaja ugljikovih nanocjevčica. Pripremljeni filmovi elektrodeponiranih Bi i Bi 2 O 3 morfološki su karakterizirani pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM). Nakon provedenih mjerenja rezimiranjem dobivenih rezultata izvedeni su zaključci o ponašanju svih pripremljenih elektroda. Uočena je znatna ovisnost elektrokemijskog ponašanja galne kiseline i cisteina na modificiranim elektrodama u ovisnosti o pH elektrolita. Površinski aktivne ugljikove nanocjevčice olakšavaju adsorpciju i akumulaciju galne kiseline i cisteina i uvelike pojačavaju njezin oksidacijski signal. Dodatak Bi 2 O 3 ugljikovim nanocjevčicama dodatno poboljšava prijenos elektrona za reakcije oksidacije galne kiseline i cisteina. Kao optimalni sustav za određivanje galne kiseline na osnovu analize, prometnule su se elektrode modificirane ugljikovim nanocijevčicama pri pH3 uz dodatak Bi 2 O 3 . Kao optimalni sustav za određivanje cisteina, prometnule su se elektrode modificirane dodatkom bizmuta.This work presents the advantages of single–walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their potential application for sensing purposes. The idea of the work is to combine their exceptional properties to develop optimal properties of the modified electrode. This paper presents the research results on the behavior of gallic acid and cysteine on a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes with and without the addition of bismuth and bismuth(III) oxide. The prepared films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in phosphate electrolyte at different pH values. In the second part of the work, bismuth and bismuth(III) oxide were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode and the results were compared without the influence of carbon nanotubes. The prepared layers of electrodeposited Bi and Bi 2 O 3 were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the measurements, conclusions were drawn about the behavior of all the prepared electrodes by summarizing the obtained results. A significant dependence of the electrochemical behavior of gallic acid and cysteine on the modified electrodes was found as a function of the pH of the electrolyte. Surface active carbon nanotubes facilitate the adsorption and accumulation of gallic acid and cysteine and significantly enhance their oxidation signal. The addition of Bi 2 O 3 to the carbon nanotubes further enhances the electron transfer for the oxidation reactions of gallic acid and cysteine. Electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes at pH3 with the addition of Bi 2 O 3 were profiled as the optimal system for the analytical determination of gallic acid. Bismuth modified electrodes were profiled as the optimal system for the determination of cysteine
The impact of the gut microbiota on human health : bachelor thesis
No full textPretpostavlja se da je ljudski gastrointestinalni trakt koloniziran od strane više od 10 14 bakterija. Mnoge bakterijske vrste prilagodile su se uvjetima crijevne mikroflore čovjeka koja predstavlja bogat izvor nutrijenata. Uvjeti prisutni u crijevima izravno se odražavaju na pojavu i razvoj pojedinih mikrobnih vrsta. Ljudi i njihova crijevna mikroflora zajedno su se razvili tijekom vremena i stoga ne čudi njihov simbiotski odnos koji pruža obostrane koristi. Neki čimbenici poput geografskog podrijetla, dobi, genetike, tipa porođaja, dojenja, stresa, pušenja, prehrane i uporabe lijekova i probiotika mogu značajno djelovati na brojnost i raznolikost crijevne mikroflore. Prehrana i način života spadaju u ključne okolišne čimbenike crijevne mikroflore. Brojna dosadašnja saznanja ukazuju na povezanost crijevne mikroflore i različitih bolesti kod ljudi, uključujući metaboličke, imunološke i neurološke bolesti. Brojna oboljenja kod ljudi povezana su s disbiozom crijevne mikroflore. To nam ukazuje na najbitniju ulogu crijevne mikroflore u ljudskom zdravlju, a ona se odnosi na povezivanje svih dijelova tijela u cjelovit i organiziran biološki sustav. Bitno je istaknuti da povezanost disbioze crijevne mikroflore i nekih oboljenja može biti i uzročna i posljedična. Kod liječenja određenih bolesti, polako se uvode potencijalne prehrambene strategije, koje mijenjaju sastav crijevne mikroflore (probiotici i prebiotici). Daljnji razvoj naprednog 16S ribosomalnog genskog sekvencioniranja RNA i drugih tehnika omogućit će još bolji uvid u mikroorganizme, koji nastanjuju naša crijeva, i njihova djelovanja na zdravlje ljudi.The human gastrointestinal tract is thought to have been colonized by more than 10 14 bacteria. Many bacterial species have adapted to the conditions of the human intestinal microflora, which is a rich source of nutrients. The conditions present in the intestines directly affect the appearance and development of certain microbial species. Humans and their intestinal microflora have evolved together over time and thus it is not surprising that their symbiotic relationship provides mutual benefits. Some factors such as geographical origin, age, genetics, type of birth, breastfeeding, stress, smoking, diet, and use of drugs and probiotics can significantly affect the abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora. Diet and lifestyle are among the key environmental factors of the intestinal microflora. Numerous findings to date indicate an association between intestinal microflora and various diseases in humans, including metabolic, immunological, and neurological diseases. Many diseases in humans are associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microflora. This points us to the most important role of the intestinal microflora in human health, and that is that it connectsall parts of the body into a complete and organized biological system. It is important to point out that the association between intestinal microflora dysbiosis and some diseases can be both causal and consequential. In the treatment of certain diseases, potential dietary strategies are slowly being introduced, which change the composition of the intestinal microflora (probiotics and prebiotics). Further development of advanced 16S ribosomal gene sequencing of RNA and other techniques will provide even better insight into the microorganisms that inhabit our intestines and their effects on human health
Characterization of volatile compounds of brandy : master thesis
No full textBrandy je jako alkoholno piće alkoholne jakosti najmanje 36% vol. dobiveno iz rakije od vina s ili bez dodatka vinskog destilata koje dozrijeva u drvenim bačvama. Tijekom cijelog tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje sintetiziraju se razni hlapljivi spojevi čiji kemijski sastav i zastupljenost utječu na finalnu aromu i kvalitetu konačnog proizvoda. Cilj ovog rada je identificirati i usporediti profil hlapljivih spojeva 3 uzorka brandya. Izolacija hlapljivih spojeva izvedena je pomoću dvije metode izolacije: ekstrakcija tekuće-tekuće i mikroekstrakcija vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME) s dva različita vlakna. Primjenom vezanog sustava plinska kromatografija-spektrometrija masa (GC-MS) izvedena je analiza izoliranih spojeva. Kontinuiranom ekstrakcijom tekuće-tekuće identificirano je 11 spojeva, dok je mikroekstrakcijom vršnih para na krutoj fazi identificirano 9 spojeva. Najzastupljenije kemijske skupine su esteri i alkoholi, a najzastupljenije spojevi su 3-metilbutan-1-ol, 3-metilbutil-etanoat, etil-oktanoat, etil-dekanoat i etil- dodekanoat.Brandy is strong alcoholic drink with an alcohol strength of at least 36% vol. obtained from wine schnapps with or without the addition of wine destillate, which matures in wooden barrels. During the entire technological process of production, various volatile compounds are synthesized whose chemical composition and representation influence the final aroma and quality of the final product. The aim of this work was to identify and compare the profile of volatile compounds of 3 brandy samples. Isolation of volatile compounds was perfomed using two isolation methods: liquid-liquid extraction and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with two different fibres. The analysis of the isolated compounds was perfomed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. 11 Compunds were identified by continuous liquid-liquid extraction, while 9 compounds were identified by headspace solid phase microextraction. The most common chemial group were esters and alcohols, and the most common compounds were 3-methyl-butan-1-ol, 3-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate and ethyl dodecanoate
Characterization of fennel honey by cromatografic tehnique (GcGC-MS) and spectroscopy (FTIR-ATK) : master thesis
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je kemijski sastav meda od komorača. Hlapljivi spojevi izolirani su mikroekstrakcijom vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME) s dva različita vlakna (sivo vlakno i plavo vlakno) i ultrazvučnom ekstrakcijom organskim otapalom (USE). Analiza izoliranih hlapljivih spojeva uzoraka provedena je metodom plinska kromatografija - spektrometrija masa (GC-MS). Također je izvršena FTIR analiza gdje se dobila opća slika sastava meda od komorača. Mikroekstrakcijom vršnih para na krutoj fazi pomoću sivog vlakna izolirano je 26 hlapljivih spojeva, a pomoću plavog vlakna izolirano je 18 spojeva. Ultrazvučnom ekstrakcijom organskim otapalom izolirano je 13 spojeva. FTIR analizom je utvrđeno da ima razlike u krivulji meda od komorača i glukoznog sirupa.In this paper was, the chemical composition of fennel honey is analyzed. Volatile compounds were isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with two different fibers (grey fiber and blue fiber) and organic solvent ultrasonic extraction (USE). The analysis of the isolated volatile compounds of the samples was performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. FTIR analysis was also performed, where a general picture of the composition of fennel honey was obtained. By microextraction of the peak pairs on the solid phase, 26 volatile compounds were isolated using the gray fiber and 18 compounds were isolated using the blue fiber. 13 compounds were isolated by ultrasonic extraction with an organic solvent. It was determined by spectroscopy (FTIR- ATR) that the curve of honey differ from the curve of glucose syrup
Different applications as an anode material in the treatment of polluted wastewater : master thesis
No full textU ovom radu različiti metalni materijali (čelik, aluminijeva legura AA2007 te Zn brodska anoda) ispitani su kao žrtvene anode za obradu procjedne vode komposta. Eksperimenti su provedeni u elektrokemijskom reaktoru šaržnog tipa pod različitim radnim uvjetima planiranim prema Taguchijevom dizajnu L9 ortogonalnog niza. Izvršena je obrada otpadne kompostne vode procesom elektrokoagulacije korištenjem elektroda od različitih materijala pri čemu su se mijenjali brzina vrtnje magnetskog miješala (70, 170 i 270 rpm), početna vrijednost pH otopine (4, 6 i 8) te vrijeme trajanja procesa (10, 20 i 30 minuta). Nakon filtracije tako obrađene vode određene su vrijednosti kemijske potrošnje kisika (KPK) i isparnog ostatka (TS) te analizirana potrošnja i promjene na površini elektroda. Potrošnja elektroda se određivala vaganjem, a promjene površine elektroda su se pratile se mikroskopskom analizom. Na temelju Faradayeva zakona i potrošnje elektroda provedena je analiza operativnih troškovaIn this paper, various waste materials (steel, aluminium alloy AA207 and Zn ship's anode) are tested as sacrificial anodes for the treatment of compost leachate. The experiments are carried out in a batch-type electrochemical reactor under different operating conditions planned according to Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array design. The effect of different waste metallic material (Fe, Al, Zn), initial pH values (4, 6 and 8), stirring speed (70, 170 and 270 rpm) and contact times (10, 20 and 30 min) on COD and turbidity removals are examined. After filtering the treated water, the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) and total solids (TS) were determined, and the consumption and changes on the electrode surface were analyzed. Electrode consumption is measured by weighing, and changes in the electrode surface are monitored by microscopic analysis. On the basis of Faraday's law and consumption of electrodes, an analysis of operational costs was carried out
Removal of lead from the aqueous solution on different bisorbens: the impact of the solid/liquid ratio : master thesis
No full textMnogi vodni sustavi su pod stresom uslijed prekomjernog iscrpljivanja, ali i onečišćenja iz antropogenih djelatnosti, posebice toksičnim teškim metalima. U svrhu zaštite i očuvanja voda u prirodi, a time i opstanka ljudi na Zemlji, potrebno je razviti učinkovitu, ali i ekološki i ekonomski prihvatljivu metodu uklanjanja teških metala iz voda. U ovome radu ispitana je učinkovitost čvrstog otpada/nusproizvoda (koštice maslina, pelet od komine maslina, ostaci hridinskog ježinca, koštice trešanja i koštice višanja) iz lokalnih pogona za preradu i proizvodnju hrane u uklanjanju teškog metala olova (c o (Pb) = 2,959 mmol/L, tj. 613 mg/L) iz vodene otopine šaržnim postupkom pri različitim omjerima kruto/tekuće (S/L = 0,25/50 - 2,50/50). Najveći kapacitet i najveću učinkovitost uklanjanja olova pokazale su koštice višanja, na kojima je pri najvećem S/L omjeru olovo uklonjeno s učinkovitošću od 90,9%. Pri tome je zaostala koncentracija olova iznosila 55,5 mg/L, što je prema pravilnicima iznad propisanih vrijednosti u obrađenim otpadnim vodama (0,5 mg/L) i u vodi za ljudsku potrošnju (10 μg/L). Buduća istraživanja trebalo bi usmjeriti na što bolju iskoristivost biosorbenasa u višestupanjskoj obradi vode kako bi se količina opasnog čvrstog otpada svela na minimum, a koncentracija olova smanjila na dopuštene vrijednosti. Uklanjanje olova iz otpadnih voda na biosorbensima moglo bi smanjiti ukupne troškove obrade vode te pridonijeti konceptu održivog razvoja.Many water systems are under stress due to excessive depletion, but also pollution from anthropogenic activities, especially by toxic heavy metals. In order to protect and preserve water in nature, and thus the survival of people on Earth, it is necessary to develop an efficient, but also ecologically and economically acceptable method of heavy metals removal from water. In this diploma thesis, the effectiveness of solid waste/by-products (olive pits, olive pomace pellets, residues of sea urchins, cherry pits and sour cherry pits) from local plants for processing and food production for removal of lead from an aqueous solution (c o (Pb) = 2.959 mmol/L, i.e. 613 mg/L) by a batch process at different solid/liquid ratios (S/L = 0.25/50 - 2.50/50) was investigated. The highest capacity and removal efficiency were obtained at sour cherry pits, where at the highest S/L = 2.50/50 the lead was removed with efficiency of 90.9%. At the same time, the residual lead concentration was 55.5 mg/L, which is above prescribed values by Croatian laws (0.5 mg/L in the treated wastewater and 10 μg/L in the water for human consumption). Future research should be focused on the best possible utilization of biosorbents in multi-stage water treatment in order to reduce the quantity of the hazardous solid waste, as well as to reduce the lead concentration to permissible levels. Removal of lead from wastewaters using biosorbents could reduce the total costs of the water treatment and contribute to the concept of sustainable development
Removal of zincfrom aqueous solution onto different bisorbents - the impact of partical size : bachelor thesis
No full textPorastom ljudske populacije potrošnja vode raste, a time se smanjuje njena raspoloživost po stanovniku. Također, zbog industrijskog razvoja voda postaje sve više onečišćena, posebice teškim metalima. Tako onečišćene vode predstavljaju opasnost za okoliš i za ljudsko zdravlje. Stoga je potrebno prirodne vode zaštititi od onečišćenja odgovarajućom obradom otpadnih voda prije ispuštanja u prirodne recipijente ili u sustav javne odvodnje. Budući da je obrada voda prilično skupa zbog iznimno velikih količina onečišćene vode, ali i zbog sve strožih propisa, nastoje se pronaći ekonomski prihvatljivija rješenja. Kako bi se smanjio trošak obrade, u ovome radu ispitana je mogućnost primjene nusproizvoda i otpada iz lokalnih pogona za preradu i proizvodnju hrane kao biosorbenasa za uklanjanje teških metala iz voda. Koštice maslina, pelet komine maslina, ostaci hridinskog ježinca, koštice višanja i koštice trešanja različitih veličina čestica (0,56-1,00 mm; 0,09-0,56 mm i 0,045-0,09 mm) korišteni su kao biosorbensi za uklanjanje cinka iz vodene otopine šaržnim postupkom. Učinkovitost uklanjanja bila je u rasponu od 5,4 do 35,3%, a najučinkovitije su bile koštice višanja (35,3%). Slijede ih koštice trešanja (34,4%), ostaci hridinskog ježinca (26,1%), koštice maslina (25,8%), a najmanje učinkovit bio je pelet komine maslina (19,2%). Učinkovitost uklanjanja porasla je smanjenjem veličine čestica, zbog veće aktivne površine, iako u slučaju koštica višanja nije dobivena značajna razlika u učinkovitosti uklanjanja za veličine čestica 0,09-0,56 mm i 0,045-0,09 mm. Učinkovitost korištenih biosorbenasa nije dovoljna za smanjenje koncentracije cinka ispod maksimalno dopuštenih koncentracija, međutim obrada na biosorbensima može se provesti u više stupnjeva ili može biti prvi stupanj obrade prije primjene skupljih, a učinkovitijih sorbenasa. Korištenjem ostataka i nusproizvoda iz lokalnih pogona za preradu i proizvodnju hrane, osim što će se smanjiti količina otpada koji završi neiskorišten na odlagalištu, pridonijet će se ekonomski i ekološki održivoj obradi voda.As the human population grows, water consumption increases, and so does its availability per capita. Also, due to industrial development, water is becoming increasingly polluted, especially with heavy metals. Such polluted waters pose a danger to the environment and to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to protect natural waters from pollution by appropriate wastewater treatment before discharge into natural recipients or into the public sewerage system. Since water treatment is quite expensive due to extremely large amounts of polluted water, but also due to increasingly strict regulations, efforts are being made to find economically acceptable solutions. In order to reduce water treatment costs, in this thesis, the possibility of using by-products and waste from local facilities for food processing and production as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from water was investigated. Olive stones, olive pomace pellets, residues of the sea urchin, cherry pits and sour cherry pits of different particle sizes (0.56-1.00 mm, 0.09-0.56 mm and 0.045-0.09 mm) were used as biosorbents for removal of zinc from aqueous solution by batch process. Removal efficiency ranged from 5.4 to 35.3%, with sour cherry pits being the most effective (35.3%). They are followed by cherry pits (34.4%), residues of the sea urchin (26.1%), olive stones (25.8%), and the least effective was the olive pomace pellet (19.2%). Removal efficiency increased with decreasing particle size, due to larger active surface area, although in the case of sour cherry pits no significant difference in removal efficiency was obtained for particle sizes 0.09-0.56 mm and 0.045-0.09 mm. The efficiency of the biosorbents used is not sufficient to reduce the zinc concentration below the maximum allowable concentrations, however the treatment on biosorbents can be carried out in several stages or can be the first stage of treatment before using more expensive and more efficient sorbents. The use of residues and by-products from local food processing and production facilities, in addition to reducing the amount of waste that ends up unused in landfills, will contribute to economically and environmentally sustainable water treatment
Testing the efficiency of bioaerosol purification through the creation of sea salt filter : diploma thesis
No full textCilj ovog rada je ispitati učinkovitost pročišćavanja zraka od bioaerosola putem izrade filtera od morske soli. U tu svrhu, izradili su se različiti uzorci filtera koji su se potom testirali u komori za testiranje onečistača zraka. Filteri su pripremljeni koristeći bazni materijal- ne-tkanu tkaninu koja se namakala u prethodno pripremljene otopine soli različitih koncentracija. U radu su se koristile tri (3) vrste soli: krupna morska stonska sol , ninska krupna sol sa dodatkom antibakterijskog aditiva čajevca te himalajska kamena sol bez dodataka. Onečistači koji su se koristili u svrhu testiranja učinkovitosti, proizvedeni su putem doziranja laka za kosu. Završetkom testiranja, dobiveni rezultati su obrađeni analitički i grafički te su skenirani putem SEM- a. Svi uzorci su pokazali učinkovitost filtriranja bioaerosolnih čestica te je najbolje rezultate pokazao filter sa dodatkom himalajske soli u koncentraciji od 40 g/ml.The aim of this work is to examine the efficiency of air purification from bio-aerosols by making a filter from sea salt. For this purpose, different filter samples were made and then tested in the air pollutant test chamber. The filters are prepared using a base material - a non-woven fabric soaked in pre-prepared salt solutions of different concentrations. Three (3) types of salt were used in the work: large sea table salt, large salt of the Nile with the addition of an antibacterial additive of tea tree, and Himalayan rock salt without additives. The detergents used for the purpose of performance testing were produced by dosing hair spray. At the end of the test, the results obtained were analysed and graphically analysed and scanned by means of a SEM. All the samples showed efficiency of filtering of bioaerosol particles filtration efficiency and the filter with the addition of Himalayan salt at a concentration of 40 g/ml showed the best results