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Influence of SINR on transmission rate in 4G/5G networks
No full textU prvom dijelu diplomskog rada detaljno su obrađene teme 4G, 5G i Shannon-Hartley-ev teorem.
U kontekstu 4G mreže, analizirana je arhitektura mreže, slojevi protokola E-UTRAN i struktura
kanala. Nakon toga slijedi opis radijskog sučelja 4G, u kojem su razmatrani dinamičko
prilagođavanje parametara veze, raspoređivanje resursa, emitiranje i prijem signala, tehnike
višestrukog pristupa, uzroci oštećenja primljenog signala i upravljanje greškama. Također su
navedeni i objašnjeni OFDM, OFDMA i SC-FDMA te prijenos signala primjenom višestrukih
antena. Nadalje, analizirana je arhitektura 5G mreže, skup 5G protokola, razlika između
samostalnih i nesamostalnih 5G mreža te raslojavanje mreže. Obrađen je Shannon-Hartley-ev
teorem i Shannon-ova granica, te je analiziran kapacitet LTE mreže. U drugom dijelu rada
prikazani su rezultati mjerenja u 4G i 5G mrežama mobilnog uređaja opremljenog TEMS Pocket
alatom. Analiza rezultata mjerenja provedena u TEMS Discovery pokazala je da u načelu
propusnost raste kako raste SINR, ali da postoji veliki raspon vrijednosti propusnosti za isti SINR
što se može objasniti dinamičkom podjelom resursa na veći broj korisnika unutar jedne ćelije.In the first part of the master's thesis, topics such as 4G, 5G, and the Shannon-Hartley theorem
were extensively discussed. In the context of 4G networks, the network architecture, E-UTRAN
protocol layers, and channel structure were analyzed. Following that is a description of the 4G
radio interface, which covers dynamic parameter adaptation, resource allocation, signal
transmission and reception, multiple access techniques, causes of received signal impairment, and
error management. Additionally, OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA were mentioned and
explained, along with signal transmission using multiple antennas. Furthermore, the architecture
of 5G networks, the set of 5G protocols, differences between standalone and non-standalone 5G
networks, and network slicing were analyzed. The Shannon-Hartley theorem and Shannon's limit
were discussed, along with an analysis of LTE network capacity. In the second part of the thesis,
measurement results in 4G and 5G networks using a mobile device equipped with the TEMS
Pocket tool were presented. The analysis of measurement results conducted in TEMS Discovery
showed that, in principle, throughput increases as SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio)
increases. However, there is a wide range of throughput values for the same SINR, which can be
explained by the dynamic allocation of resources to a larger number of users within one cell
Recyclability analysis and evaluation of vacuum cleaners
No full textU ovom završnom radu napravljen je pregled povijesti i razvoja usisavača prašine, istaknuta je
važnost recikliranja tih uređaja nakon prestanka uporabe te analizirana recikličnost na primjeru
jednog usisavača. Kroz analizu rastavljanja, određivanje stupnja recikličnosti i ekonomskoekološku analizu utvrđeno da je recikličnost usisavača niska, te da je potrebno razmotriti
selektivno rastavljanje ili rekonstrukciju kako bi se ona poboljšala. Također je utvrđeno da
usisavač nije ekonomski isplativ za recikliranje, budući da su troškovi rastavljanja veći od
prihoda. Predložene su konstrukcijske smjernice za poboljšanje recikličnosti. Prepoznati su
problemi prilikom gomilanja odbačenih usisavča. Takvi problemi se mogu rješiti promicanjem
recikliranja, produženjem vijeka trajanja usisavača, odgovorno odlaganje, olakšavanje
rastavljanja i stroža regulacije odlaganja.Analysis and Evaluation of Vacuum Cleaner Recyclability
In this final paper, an overview of the history and development of vacuum cleaners has been
provided, emphasizing the importance of recycling these devices after their use has ceased. The
recyclability of a vacuum cleaner was analyzed using a specific example. Through the analysis
of disassembly, determination of recyclability levels, and economic-environmental analysis, it
was determined that the recyclability of vacuum cleaners is low, and it is necessary to consider
selective disassembly or reconstruction to improve it. It was also found that recycling vacuum
cleaners is not economically viable, as the disassembly costs exceed the revenue. Design
guidelines were proposed to enhance recyclability. Problems related to the accumulation of
discarded vacuum cleaners were recognized. Such issues can be addressed through the
promotion of recycling, extending the lifespan of vacuum cleaners, responsible disposal,
facilitating disassembly, and stricter disposal regulations
Kalman filter based DC machine state estimation
No full textU ovom je radu pružena detaljna teorijska analiza potrebna za razumijevanje načina rada Kalman filtra. Detaljno je objašnjen algoritam filtra potkrijepljen jednadžbama predikcije i korekcije. Prije implementacije Kalman filtra, pomoću Kirchoffovih zakona napona i struje te diferencijalnih jednadžbi, izveo se matematički model električne mreže trećeg reda i istosmjernog (DC) stroja u prostoru stanja. Na tako definirane modele, primijenio se Kalman filter pomoću MATLAB koda i MATLAB Simulink okruženja. Za svaki se model postavilo nekoliko proizvoljno zadanih početnih parametara te se testirao i ispitivao načina rada Kalman filtra u svakom novom okruženju. Osim prikaza i analize načina rada filtra, računale su se vrijednosti RMSE, reziduali i predikcijske pogreške za svaku novu promjenu kako bi se pružila dublja i detaljnija analiza dinamike sustava i procjene stanja Kalman filtrom.This paper provides a detailed theoretical analysis necessary for understanding the operation of the Kalman filter. The algorithm of the filter is thoroughly explained, supported by prediction and correction equations. Before implementing the Kalman filter, a mathematical model of a third-order electrical network and a Direct Current (DC) machine in state-space was derived using Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws and differential equations. The Kalman filter was then applied to these defined models using MATLAB code and MATLAB Simulink environment. For each model, several arbitrarily chosen initial parameters were set, and the operation of the Kalman filter was tested and examined in each new environment. In addition to demonstrating and analyzing the filter’s operation, RMSE values, residuals, and prediction errors were calculated for each new change to provide a deeper and more detailed analysis of system dynamics and state estimation by the Kalman filter
5G system in Croatia and the World
No full textU radu je istražena peta generacija (5G) mobilnih mreža. Rad započinje pregledom evolucije
mobilnih komunikacijskih sustava, od prve generacije (1G) do četvrte generacije (4G). Zatim
opisuje 5G sustav, uključujući njegove tehničke karakteristike, arhitekturu i ključna područja
usluge. Opisane su tehnologije koje koristi, kao što su dijeljenje mreže, MIMO i rubno
računalstvo. U nastavku rada opisana je važnost mjerenja 5G sustava i njegova potencijalna
primjena u različitim sektorima, kao što su industrija, medicina, pametni gradovi i virtualna i
proširena stvarnost.The paper explores the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. It begins with an overview of
the evolution of mobile communication systems, from the first generation (1G) to the fourth
generation (4G). Then, it describes the 5G system, including its technical characteristics,
architecture, and key service areas. The technologies it utilizes, such as network slicing, MIMO,
and edge computing, are discussed. The paper goes on to highlight the significance of measuring
the 5G system and its potential applications in various sectors, such as industry, medicine, smart
cities, and virtual and augmented reality
Web Application for Managing Mandatory Books
No full textZbog prevelike količine informacija, učenicima je potreban alat koji im olakšava
pohranu tih istih informacija. Kao rješenje tom problemu, izrađena je aplikacija po imenu
Leptira koja omogućuje spremanje i čitanje izvještaja o pročitanoj lektiri, ali i o bilo kojem
drugom književnom djelu. Aplikacija je pisana u Reactu koji je danas najkorišteniji za izradu
web aplikacija. Kako bi svaki korisnik mogao unositi vlastite analize, aplikacija ima mogućnost
registracije i prijave korisnika. Aplikacija ima sve funkcionalnosti kako bi korisnicima pružila
iskustvo jednostavne, ali vrlo korisne web aplikacije koja im olakšava vođenje bilješki o
pročitanom djelu, ali i srednjoškolcima omogućava pripremu za esej državne mature iz
hrvatskog jezika.Due to the excessive amounts of information, students need a tool that facilitates the
storage of these same pieces of information. To address this issue, an application named Leptira
has been developed, enabling the storaging and reading of book reports, as well as any other
literary work. The application is built using React, which is currently the most widely used
framework for web application development. To allow each user to store their own analyses,
the application features user registration and login capabilities. The application has all
functionalities to provide users with a simple yet highly useful web application that eases the
process of keeping notes on the read works. Moreover, it offers high school students the
opportunity to prepare for their final exams
Digital calibration certificate
No full textU ovom radu obrađena je tema digitalizacije mjeriteljstva, te kako digitalna transformacija,
konkretno usvajanje digitalnih kalibracijskih certifikata, unaprjeđuje mjeriteljstvo. Analizirane
su prednosti usvajanja kao i problemi koji su vezani standardizaciju i sigurnost podataka.
Objašnjeno je gdje i kako se oni koriste u stvarnom svijetu i koja njihova uloga za budućnost.
Stvaranje digitalnog kalibracijskog certifikata odrađeno je uz pomoć alata GEMMIMEG 1.4.1
na temelju potvrde o kalibraciji za mjerni instrumenta MI 2992 Power Master.In this paper, the topic of metrology digitalization is discussed, along with how digital
transformation, specifically the adoption of digital calibration certificates, advances metrology.
The advantages of adoption and issues related to standardization and data security are analyzed.
It explains where and how they are used in the real world and their role in the future. The
creation of a digital calibration certificate was performed using the GEMMIMEG 1.4.1 tool
based on the calibration certificate for the measuring instrument MI 2992 Power Master
Optimization of energy consumption on greenhouse using renewable energy
No full textU teorijskom dijelu rada su opisani obnovljivi izvori energije, prednosti i nedostaci obnovljivih izvora, te načini sakupljanja energije iz obnovljivih izvora. Praktični dio rada se bazira na optimizaciji iskorištavanja električne energije za rad i funkcioniranje staklenika, a izračuni su napravljeni na temelju uobičajenog jednogodišnjeg ciklusa rada. Optimizacija se odnosi na ugradnju otočnog fotonaponskog sustava koji će pohranjivat energiju u bateriju i osigurat dovoljno energije za rad vodene pumpe, cirkulacijskih ventilatora i električnog grijača zraka. U krajnjem dijelu rada navedena je financijska isplativost takvog sustava i pružen osvrt na sve potrebne uvijete koje zahtijevaju takvi otočni sustavi i osvrt na trenutno stanje korištenosti takve tehnologije na tržištu i u gospodarstvu.In the theoretical part of the paperwork are described renewable energy sources, advantages and disadvantages of renewable sources, and ways of collecting energy from renewable sources. The practical part of the work is based on the optimization of the use of electricity for the operation and functioning of the greenhouse and the calculations were made based on the usual one-year work cycle. The optimization refers to the installation of an island photovoltaic system that will store energy in the battery and provide enough energy to operate the water pump, circulation fans and electric air heater. In the final part of the paper are provided the financial profitability of such a system is stated and an overview of all the necessary conditions required by such island systems and an overview of the current state of use of such technology on the market and in the economy
Active bass guitar with built-in speaker
No full textU završnom radu opisani su rezultati dizajniranja, izrade i testiranja predpojačala za aktivnu bass gitaru s ugrađenim zvučnikom. Uz opis dizajna predpojačala, opisan je i odabir adekvatne klase pojačala snage i adekvatne vrste baterija koje mogu napajati cijeli sustav. Za predpojačalo je bilo potrebno dizajnirati i izraditi tiskanu pločicu te je taj proces također opisan u radu. Na kraju rada prikazan je prototip sa spojenim svim ključnim dijelovima sklopa.This Bachelor's thesis describes the results of designing, making and testing out the preamplifier for active bass guitar with a built-in speaker. In addition, selection of the appropriate class of power amplifier and type of batteries that can power the entire system is described. Aforementioned components were required to design and make a printed circuit board for the preamplifier. The whole process is further described. At the end of the paper, a prototype with all connected key parts of the circuit is presented
Computer network design for office building environment
No full textRad prikazuje primjer projektiranja računalne mreže zgrade poslovne namjene i praksu
izrade projektne dokumentacije pri kojoj se vodi računa da je ona u skladu s potrebnim standardima
i pravilima. Objašnjava se strukturno kabliranje te važnost slijeđenja njegovih preporuka. Navode
se načini jednoznačnoga označavanja svakoga sastavnog dijela mrežne opreme, koji tek tada čine
zaokruženu funkcionalnu cjelinu. Objašnjavaju se pojmovi horizontalnog i vertikalnog kabliranja.
Navedene su osnove adresiranja i konfiguriranja aktivne opreme mrežnih preklopnika i
usmjerivača. Objašnjava se primjena kvalitete usluge na računalnoj mreži (QoS) te tehnike i
metode koje ona donosi, poput označavanja i oblikovanja prometa kako bi se izbjegla nepoželjna
zagušenja pri protoku podataka. Prikazano je kreiranje projektantskoga troškovnika. Na kraju se
sve navedeno prikazuje shemom u kojoj su ucrtani svi bitni detalji računalne mreže.This paper shows an example of designing a computer network of a business building and
the practice of creating project documentation, where care is taken to ensure that it complies with
the necessary standards and rules. Structured cabling and the importance of following its
recommendations are explained. Ways to unambiguously mark each component of network
equipment are listed, which only then form a complete functional unit. The concepts of horizontal
and vertical cabling are explained. The basics of addressing and configuring active equipment of
network switches and routers are listed. The application of quality of service on a computer
network (QoS) is explained, as well as the techniques and methods it brings, such as marking and
shaping of traffic in order to avoid unwanted congestion in the flow of data. The creation of the
design cost sheet is shown. At the end, all of the above is shown with a diagram in which all the
essential details of the computer network are presented
Web application for choosing a pet using a survey
No full textU ovome radu izrađena je web aplikacija za udomljavanje kućnog ljubimca pomoću ankete.
Pomoću nje korisnici mogu ispuniti anketu te na taj način odabrati svog kućnog ljubimca ili
koristiti web aplikaciju kao običan oglasnik te pregledavati sve dostupne pse. Funkcionalni dio
web aplikacije je napravljen u Laravel-u pomoću PHP-a i MySQL-a, a izgled i struktura stranice
pomoću HTML-a, CSS-a i JavaScript-a. Kreirana je anketa za odabir kućnog ljubimca, polje za
pretraživanje, stranica za pregled svih dostupnih pasa kao i stranica koja pokazuje pojedinosti
psa. Administrator ima pravo dodavati pse u bazu podataka.In this B.A. thesis, a web application for dog adoption using a survey was developed. Users can
fill out the survey to choose their dog or use the web application as a regular classifieds platform
to browse all available dogs. The functional part of the web application was built using Laravel
with PHP and MySQL, while the design and structure of the page was implemented using
HTML, CSS and JavaScript. A survey was created for pet selecton, along with a search field, a
web page for viewing all available dogs, and a page displaying individual dog details. The
administrator has the right to add dogs to the database