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Digital Farm Management: A Web Application to Optimize Agricultural Resources and Productivity
No full textOvaj završni rad prikazuje razvoj web aplikacije za digitalno upravljanje
poljoprivrednim gospodarstvom s ciljem optimizacije poslovanja i povećanja produktivnosti. Aplikacija
obuhvaća evidenciju polja, usjeva, stoke, zaliha, zadataka te financijsko izvještavanje. U radu su
analizirana postojeća rješenja i primijenjene tehnologije poput HTML-a, Tailwind CSS-a, Django okvira i
SQLite baze podataka. Implementirane funkcionalnosti omogućuju bolju organizaciju rada i praćenje
troškova, a evaluacija korisničkog iskustva putem ankete potvrdila je visoku razinu zadovoljstva
korisnika. Sustav pridonosi modernizaciji poljoprivrede omogućujući informirano donošenje odluka i
održivije upravljanje resursima.This paper presents the development of a web application for digital management of
agricultural farms aimed at optimizing operations and increasing productivity. The application includes
modules for recording fields, crops, livestock, inventory, tasks, and financial reporting. Existing solutions
and technologies such as HTML, Tailwind CSS, the Django framework, and SQLite database were
analyzed and applied. The implemented functionalities enable better work organization and cost
tracking, while user experience evaluation through a survey confirmed a high level of user satisfaction.
The system contributes to the modernization of agriculture by facilitating informed decision-making and
more sustainable resource management
Protection coordination of the 10(20) kV grid connection of a biomass power plant with variable self-consumption
No full textU ovom radu analizirana je elektrana na biomasu maksimalne izlazne djelatne snage
4,6 MW. Izrađena je koordinacija zaštite priključka elektrane te okolne distribucijske mreže kojoj se
mijenjaju postavke zaštite zbog utjecaja elektrane. Teorijski su pojašnjeni načini detekcije različitih vrsta
kvarova u mreži (kratki spoj, zemljospoj) te načini detekcije otočnog pogona. S pomoću parametara
elektrane i razmatrane distribucijske mreže (transformatori, vodovi, opterećenja), u programskom
paketu DIgSILENT PowerFactory 22 izrađen je simulacijski model. U simulacijskom modelu analiziraju se
kratki spojevi gdje se dolazi do spoznaje o smjerovima te iznosima struja kratkog spoja. Analizom
rezultata kratkih spojeva dolazi se do predloženih vrijednosti relejne zaštite koje moraju biti selektivno
podešene. Kako bi se utvrdila ispravnost predloženih podešenja relejne zaštite, simuliraju se kvarovi na
karakterističnim lokacijama uz prikaz tijeka promjene vrijednosti struja kratkog spoja i napona. Također,
prikazane su I-t krivulje kako bi se mogla dokazati selektivnost relejne zaštite. Osim zaštite od kratkih
spojeva, predložena je i zaštita elektrane od otočnog pogona, kojoj je također analizirano djelovanje.This paper analyzes the protection of the biomass power plant, with a rated active power of
4,6 MW. A protection coordination was conducted for the power plant connection and the surrounding
distribution network, whose protection settings are influenced by the power plant’s integration.
Theoretical explanations are provided for the detection methods of various types of faults in the
network (short circuit, ground fault), as well as for islanding detection methods. Using the parameters of
the power plant, along with those of the distribution network (transformers, lines, and loads), a
simulation model was created in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory 22 software package. The model was used
to perform short-circuit analyses, which provided insights into the direction and magnitude of fault
currents. Based on the results, relay protection settings were defined, with an emphasis on selective
coordination. To verify the correctness of these proposed relay protection settings, faults were
simulated at characteristic locations, with a detailed display of the time-dependent value of fault
currents and voltages. I-t characteristic curves were also presented to confirm the selectivity of the relay
protection system. In addition to short-circuit protection, anti-islanding protection for the power plant
was proposed and its operation analyzed
Application of KNX standards in IoT
No full textU ovom radu istražene su mogućnosti integracije KNX standarda za automatizaciju
zgrada s modernim arhitekturama Interneta stvari. KNX pruža profesionalniji pristup automatizaciji kuća
i zgrada, dok je IoT jednostavniji i fleksibilniji za implementaciju. Kroz rad su objašnjene osnovne
značajke i arhitekture Interneta stvari te funkcionalnosti i standardi koji definiraju KNX sustav. Kako bi se
omogućila fleksibilnost KNX sustava, istražena je KNX IoT tehnologija koja pruža bežičnu komunikaciju i
jednostavnu integraciju s drugim IoT rješenjima. Zaključak ovog rada je da obje tehnologije pružaju
kvalitetne usluge ovisno o potrebama korisnika, a njihovom kombinacijom postiže se optimalna
ravnoteža između stabilnosti sustava i jednostavnosti korištenja.This thesis explores the possibilities of integrating the KNX standard for building automation
with modern Internet of Things architectures. KNX offers a more professional approach to home and
building automation, while IoT solutions are simpler and more flexible to implement. The thesis explains
the basic features and architectures of the Internet of Things, as well as the functionalities and
standards that define the KNX system. In order to enable greater flexibility within KNX systems, KNX IoT
technology was examined, which provides wireless communication and easier integration with other IoT
solutions. The conclusion of this thesis is that both technologies offer valuable capabilities depending on
user needs, and their combination achieves an optimal balance between system stability and ease of
use
Automation of the CIP system for cleaning the pomace filter in the brewery
No full textU diplomskom radu prikazan je razvoj automatiziranog CIP sustava za čišćenje filtra
komine u pivovari. Sustav je realiziran u Braumat i TIA Portal okruženju te obuhvaća više faza čišćenja s
nadzorom ključnih procesnih parametara. Simulacijskim modelom ispitani su odzivi sustava pri različitim
postavkama regulatora, pri čemu semijenjalo proporcionalno pojačanje PI regulatora u svrhu
promatranja brzina odziva, oscilacija i stablinosti. Tako je potvrđena učinkovitost automatizacije u
postizanju stabilnog i pouzdanog procesa što se očituje kroz smanjeno vrijeme stabilizacije protoka i
precizno održavanje zadane razine uz minimalna odstupanja. Također, automatizacija smanjuje
mogućnost ljudske pogreške, osigurava ponovljivost procesa i omogućuje njegovo testiranje kroz
simulaciju bez potrebe za fizičkim sustavom.This thesis presents the development of an automated CIP system for cleaning the mash filter
in a brewery. The system was implemented using Braumat and TIA Portal environments and includes
several cleaning phases with monitoring of key process parameters. A simulation model was used to
analyze system responses under different PI controller settings, specifically by varying the proportional
gain to observe response speed, oscillations, and stability. The results confirmed the effectiveness of
automation in achieving a stable and reliable cleaning process was confirmed through reduced flow
stabilization time and accurate maintenance of the target level with minimal deviations. Furthermore,
automation reduces the likelihood of human error, ensures process repeatability, and enables testing
through simulation without the need for a physical system
Dynamic hysteresis loop of a synchronous generator
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu detaljno su teorijski i praktično razmatrane i ispitane
magnetske karakteristike materijala, primarno materijala za izradu jezgri sinkronih generatora, pri čemu
je poseban fokus usmjeren na eksperimentalnu analizu dinamičke petlje histereze ispitnog sinkronog
generatora. Kako se kompletan rad zasniva na sinkronom generatoru kao ispitnom stroju, isti je prvo
detaljno opisan pri čemu je fokus stavljen na njegovu građu, podjelu, te princip rada nakon čega su
opisana magnetska svojstva materijala, a posebno njihovo ponašanje pod djelovanjem magnetskog
polja. Osim što su magnetska svojstva materijala detaljno teorijski potkrijepljena, ista su i praktično
dokazana u sklopu dva odvojena mjerenja, odnosno snimanju karakteristike praznog hoda sinkronog
generatora u ovisnosti o frekvenciji, te pokusu snimanja dinamičke petlje histereze u uvjetima bliskim
praznom hodu. U oba mjerenja fokus je bio usmjeren na analizu utjecaja promjene frekvencije na
magnetska svojstva jezgre sinkronog generatora, odnosno utjecaju frekvencije na karakteristiku praznog
hoda i petlju histereze. Analizom rezultata oba mjerenja jednoznačno je potvrđena relacija o induciranoj
elektromotornoj sili (6-1) gdje porastom frekvencije uz održavanje fiksnog toka dolazi do porasta
induciranog napona, kao i da je inducirani napon moguće držati fiksnim uz porast frekvencije ukoliko se
tok, odnosno uzbuda reduciraju. Povećanjem induciranog napona, petlje histereze poprimaju veće
dimenzije, tj. postaju izduženije i šire, što izravno utiče na veću površinu, odnosno gubitke. Povećanje
frekvencije u definiranom opsegu uz održavanje razine induciranog napona konstantnom smanjenjem
struje uzbude nema jasne znakove utjecaja na dimenzije i oblik petlje histereze. Također, analiziran je i
oblik dobivenih petlji histereza koje su vrlo uske što je u skladu s teorijskim razmatranjima iznesenima u
teorijskom dijelu diplomskog rada.In this thesis, the magnetic characteristics of materials were theoretically and practically
considered and examined in detail, primarily the materials used for the construction of synchronous
generator cores, with special focus directed toward the experimental analysis of the dynamic hysteresis
loop of the test synchronous generator. Since the entire thesis is based on the synchronous generator as
the test machine, it was first described in detail, with the focus placed on its construction, classification,
and operating principle, after which the magnetic properties of the materials were described, especially
their behavior under the influence of a magnetic field. In addition to the fact that the magnetic
properties of the materials were theoretically substantiated in detail, they were also practically verified
through two separate measurements, namely recording the open-circuit characteristic of the
synchronous generator depending on the frequency, and the experiment of recording the dynamic
hysteresis loop under conditions close to no-load. In both measurements, the focus was directed at the
analysis of the influence of frequency change on the magnetic properties of the synchronous generator
core, that is, the influence of frequency on the open-circuit characteristic and the hysteresis loop. The
analysis of the results of both measurements clearly confirmed the relation of the induced
electromotive force (6-1), where an increase in frequency while maintaining a fixed flux leads to an
increase in the induced voltage, as well as that the induced voltage can be kept constant with an
increase in frequency if the flux, i.e., excitation, is reduced. With the increase in induced voltage, the
hysteresis loops take on larger dimensions, i.e., they become more elongated and wider, which directly
affects the area, i.e., the losses. Increasing the frequency within the defined range while maintaining the
level of induced voltage constant by reducing the excitation current shows no clear signs of influence on
the dimensions and shape of the hysteresis loop. Also, the shape of the obtained hysteresis loops was
analyzed, which are very narrow, which is in accordance with the theoretical considerations presented
in the theoretical part of the thesis
Web application as a platform for setting and using quizzes
No full textKvizovi su u svakidašnjem životu sve popularniji, te doprinose velikom udjelu
svakidašnje zabave pojedinaca, stjecanja novih znanja pojedinca i ispitivanju postojećih znanja. Kao
rezultat rada opisani su i uspoređeni su Ruby on Rails, Django, ASP.NET, CakePHP i Elixir programski
okviri za kreiranje web aplikacija. Također je izrađena web aplikacija koja omogućuje upravljanje,
vođenje i rješavanje kvizova. Gostujućim korisnicima je samo omogućeno rješavanje kvizova i uvid na
tablicu postignuća, registriranim korisnicima je omogućeno sve što i gostima uz mogućnost kreiranja
novih kvizova i pitanja unutar njih koji mogu biti dva oblika: pitanje s tekstualnim odgovorom i pitanje
na izbor točnih vrijednosti. Administrator ima uvid na sve kvizove i njihova pitanja, brisanja i mijenjanja
ukoliko je to potrebno, te ima mogućnost kreiranja novih tema. Aplikacija je izrađena u programskom
okviru Ruby on Rails, a baza podataka koja je korištena za ovu aplikaciju je PostgreSQL. Provjera
identiteta korisnika, prijava korisnika i administratora u sustav je omogućena pomoću Ruby gem-a
Devise.
ključne riječi (hrvatski ): informacijska tehnologija, kviz, programski okvir, Ruby on Rails, web aplikacijaQuizzes are becoming increasingly popular in everyday life, contributing significantly to daily
entertainment, the acquisition of new knowledge, and the assessment of existing knowledge. As part of
this thesis, the Ruby on Rails, Django, ASP.NET, CakePHP and Elixir web application frameworks were
described and compared. A web application that allows management, creation, and solving of quizzes
was also developed. Guest users are only allowed to solve quizzes and view the scoreboard, while
registered users have access to all the features available to guests, along with the ability to create new
quizzes and questions. These questions can take two forms: questions with text based answers and
questions with choice answers. The administrator has access to all quizzes and their questions, with the
ability to delete or modify any of them if necessary, as well as create new topics. The application was
developed using the Ruby on Rails web framework with PostgreSQL database. User identity verification,
as well as user and administrator login, is enabled through the Devise Ruby gem.
keywords: information technology, framework, quiz, ruby on rails, web applicatio
Analysis of the transient stability of power system with a significant share of the replacement of conventional power plants generation with RES
No full textU radu se analizira stabilnost manjih sustava na promijenjene uvijete. Uvijeti se
mijenjaju uvođenjem novih izvora, na ranije zadane te ne promijenjene potrošače. Radom se prikazuju
rezultati simulacijski odrađene analize pomoću računalnog programa, te ovisnost kritičnog kuta na
promjenu radne komponente snage generatora. Za simulaciju se koristio ranije poznati model „9
sabirnica“ kojim se koristi za analize u ispitnim uvjetima. Radom se je pokazalo kako postoje određene
granice koje imaju utjecaj, odnosno granica do koje se sustav ponaša na jedan način i promatra se
određeni element mreže. Nakon prelaska te granice prikazuje se kako je potrebno pratiti ostale
elemente kako bi se pronašla točka stabilnosti sustava. Obzirom kako je vršeno na malom sustavu dio u
kojem se pronalazi drugi element za provjeru nije bio problem, ali se pretpostavlja kako bi na velikim
mrežama pojavio i taj problem.In this case working with stability analyses of smaller systems under changing conditions. The
conditions are altered by introducing new sources, with previously defined and unchanged consumers.
The chase presents the results of a simulation-based analysis preformed using a computer program,
focusing on the dependence of a critical rotor angle on changes in generator's positive sequence of
power. The simulation used the previously known „9-bus system” model, which is commonly used for
analysis under test conditions. The study shows that there are certain limits that affect the system, in
other words, a boundary up to which the system behaves in a certain way and a specific network
element is observed. After crossing that boundary, it is necessary to monitor other elements to identify
the stability point of the system. Since the study was conducted on small system, the process of finding
the second element for pointing of stability, not an issue, but it is assumed that could become a problem
in larger networks
An automated system for food and water dispensing for deers
No full textAutomatska hranilica koja omogućava precizno doziranje hrane na temelju prisutnosti
i težine životinje, uz automatsko punjenje vodom i regulaciju njezine temperature, tema su ovoga
završnog rada. Sustav je sastavljen od raznih senzora, uključujući PIR senzori za detekciju pokreta, loadcell
senzori za mjerenje težine životinje i hrane, temperaturni senzor za kontrolu temperature vode, te
senzori razine za nadzor razine vode. Rad je realiziran korištenjem ESP32 mikroupravljača i Arduino
razvojnog okruženja. Prilikom kreiranja makete pojavile su se neki problemi, poput smetnji uzrokovanih
pumpom, koji su uspješno otklonjeni. Automatska hranilica i pojilica ključne su komponente suvremenih
farmi, jer ne samo da smanjuju potrebu za fizički radom, nego značajno doprinose optimizaciji resursa i
povećanju produktivnosti u stočarstvu. Ovaj sustav također osigurava bolju brigu za životinje, posebno u
zahtjevnim uvjetima, čime se osigurava stabilan prinos i održivost.The automatic feeder, which enables precise food dispensing based on the presence and
weight of the animal, along with automatic water replenishment and temperature regulation, is the
focus of this final project. The system consists of various sensors, including PIR sensors for motion
detection, load-cell sensors for measuring the weight of animals and food, a temperature sensor for
water temperature control, and level sensors for monitoring water levels. The project was realized using
the ESP32 microcontroller and Arduino development environment. During the creation of the prototype,
some issues, such as interference caused by the water pump were encountered, but successfully
resolved. The automatic feeder and water dispenser are essential components of modern farms, as they
not only reduce the need for manual labor but also significantly contribute to resource optimization and
increased productivity in livestock farming. This system also ensures better care for animals, particularly
in demanding conditions, thereby securing stable yields and sustainability
Godot game development engine
No full textZavršni rad istražuje proces razvoja roguelike tower defense looter shooter igre
koristeći Godot razvojni okvir, alat poznat po svojoj prilagodljivosti i jednostavnosti korištenja. Rad
obuhvaća dizajn i implementaciju ključnih elemenata igre, uključujući proceduralnu generaciju sadržaja,
umjetnu inteligenciju za navigaciju neprijatelja i intuitivno korisničko sučelje. Kroz rad je demonstrirana
mogućnost kombiniranja različitih žanrova u kohezivno i dinamično igračko iskustvo. Osim tehničkih
aspekata, istaknuti su i izazovi poput optimizacije performansi i ograničenja trenutne verzije Godot
razvojnog okvira. Predloženi su daljnji koraci, uključujući integraciju naprednih tehnologija poput
Vulkana i proširenje sustava umjetne inteligencije, kako bi se dodatno unaprijedila kvaliteta igre.The thesis explores the development process of a roguelike tower defense looter shooter
game using the Godot engine, a versatile and user-friendly tool. The work includes the design and
implementation of key game elements, such as procedural content generation, artificial intelligence for
enemy navigation, and an intuitive user interface. The study demonstrates the ability to merge different
genres into a cohesive and dynamic gaming experience. In addition to technical aspects, challenges such
as performance optimization and limitations of the current version of the Godot engine were
highlighted. Future steps, including the integration of advanced technologies like Vulkan and the
expansion of artificial intelligence systems, have been proposed to further enhance the game's quality
Creation of electrical engineering project for a residential house and integration of a photovoltaic power plant
No full textProjektiranje predstavlja izradu tehničke dokumentacije, a ista se mora napraviti kako
bi se dobila građevinska dozvola koja je potrebna za izgradnju građevine. Za ishođenje građevinske
dozvole potrebno je napraviti glavni projekt koji sadrži arhitektonski, građevinski, elektrotehnički i
strojarski projekt. Za izradu samog projekta odgovorni su projektanti koji imaju pravo korištenje
strukovnog naziva ovlašteni inženjer ili ovlašteni arhitekt. Glavni projekt se općenito sastoji od
dokumentacije i pripadajućih nacrta te isto vrijedi za glavni elektrotehnički projekt. Sastavni dijelovi
tekstualnog dijela dokumentacije obuhvaćaju opći dio, priloge, tehnički opis, proračune, program
kontrole i osiguranja kvalitete, posebne tehnički uvjete gradnje i način zbrinjavanja otpada, prikaz mjera
zaštite na radu, prikaz tehničkih rješenja za primjenu pravila zaštite od požara, projektirani vijek
građevine i uvjete održavanja te procjenu troškova gradnje. Nacrtni dio dokumentacije predstavlja
nacrte kojima se prikazuje odgovarajuća instalacija. Svaki nacrt mora imati sastavnicu koju je potrebno
smjestiti uz donji desni rub širine maksimalno 18 cm. Osim toga, na svakom nacrtu građevine mora biti
prikazana oznaka sjevera. Nacrtni dio glavnog elektrotehničkog projekta se općenito sastoji od situacije,
instalacije sustava zaštita od munje (LPS instalacije), električne instalacije te jednopolnih i blok shema, a
s obzirom da se na ovu građevinu postavlja fotonaponska elektrana također je potrebno imati i nacrte
vezane za fotonaponsku elektranu. Kroz situacijske nacrte je vidljiv položaj građevine zajedno s njezinim
priključkom na niskonaponsku mrežu i elektro komunikacijsku infrastrukturu. Instalacija sustava zaštita
od munje prikazuje način štićenja od djelovanja munje. Električne instalacije prikazuju raspored opreme
na građevini, a jednopolne sheme prikazuje sve komponente koje je potrebno ugraditi u razdjelni ormar.
Fotonaponska elektrana se sastoji od invertera i fotonaponskih modula koji se postavljaju na krov
projektirane građevine, a fotonaponska elektrana za vlastite potrebe predstavlja ekološki i isplativo
rješenje za potrebama električne energije. Glavni elektrotehnički projekt predstavlja temelj za izvođenje
elektrotehničkih radova.Designing involves the creation of technical documentation, which is necessary to obtain a
building permit required for the construction of a building. To obtain a building permit, a main project
must be prepared, which includes architectural, structural, electrical, and mechanical designs. Designers
who have the right to use the professional title of certified engineer or certified architect are responsible
for creating the project itself. The main project generally consists of documentation and accompanying
drawings, and the same applies to the main electrical engineering project. The textual part of the
documentation includes the general part, appendices, technical description, calculations, quality control
and assurance program, special technical construction conditions and waste disposal methods,
occupational safety measures, technical solutions for the application of fire protection rules, the
designed service life of the building and maintenance requirements, as well as an estimate of
construction costs. The drawing part of the documentation consists of drawings that depict the relevant
installation. Each drawing must include a title block placed at the lower right corner with a maximum
width of 18 cm. Additionally, every construction drawing must display a north direction symbol. The
drawing part of the main electrical engineering project generally consists of situation plans, lightning
protection system (LPS) installation, electrical installations, as well as single-line and block diagrams and
since a photovoltaic power plant is being installed on this building, additional drawings related to the
photovoltaic system are also required. Situation drawings illustrate the position of the building along
with its connection to the low-voltage network and electrical communication infrastructure. The
Lightning protection system installation shows the method of protection against lightning. Electrical
installations show the arrangement of equipment within the building, while single-line diagrams
illustrate all the components that need to be installed in the distribution board. The photovoltaic power
plant consists of inverters and photovoltaic modules that are installed on the roof of the designed
building, and the photovoltaic power plant for self-consumption represents an environmentally friendly
and cost-effective solution for meeting electricity needs. The main electrical engineering project serves
as the foundation for the execution of electrical engineering works