12064 research outputs found
Sort by
Genetic diversity of the family Acipenseridae in Croatia
No full textAcipenseridae su uz porodicu Polyodontidae jedini živi predstavnici reda Acipenseriformes. One su među najprimitivnijim ribama koštunjačama te ujedno i zadnji preživjeli predstavnici gotovo potpuno izumrlog nadreda zrakoperki - Chondrostei, tzv. štitonoša. Razni antropogeni pritisci, ali i njihova relativna ekološka osjetljivost, doveli su Acipenseridae u prirodi u vrlo nepovoljan položaj te ih brojne zemlje počinju štititi. Na području Hrvatske, kroz prošlost je zabilježeno 8 vrsta iz porodice Acipenseridae te 1 vrsta iz porodice Polyodontidae, od kojih samo 2 vrste trenutno opstaju u prirodi te su obje klasificirane u ugrožene kategorije prema IUCN-u. Biologija porodice Acipenseridae na našim prostorima nije dovoljno istražena, što predstavlja značajan problem u zaštiti ovih vrsta. Uvid u taksonomsku i gensku raznolikost ovih vrsta kao i njihovu rasprostranjenost prvi je korak prema razvoju daljnjih istraživanja koja će omogućiti njihovu zadovoljavajuću zaštitu. U ovom istraživanju korištene su metode molekularne analize genskog markera citokrom b na uzorcima jedinki jesetre i kečige iz divljine i uzgajališta. Napravljene su rekonstrukcije filogenetskog stabla metodama najveće parsimonije i najveće vjerojatnosti, rekonstrukcija filogenetske mreže metodom susjednog povezivanja, kao i rekonstrukcija stabla evolucijske prošlosti bayesovom metodom. Također su izračunate mjere genske raznolikosti. Rezultati potvrđuju pripadnost uzorkovanih jedinki vrstama Acipenser ruthenus i A. baerii te ukazuju na zamjetnu razliku u stupnju genetske raznolikosti između populacija iz prirode i onih iz uzgajališta.With the family Polyodontidae, Acipenseridae are the only living members of the order Acipenseriformes. They are amongst the most primitive bony fish and are also the last surviving members of the almost extinct superorder of Actinopterygii - Chondrostei. Different anthropogenic pressures, in combination with their relatively high ecological vulnerability, have led Acipenseridae to a quite unfavorable position, so most countries have started implementing measures for their protection. Historically, there have been 8 recorded species from the family Acipenseridae and 1 from the family Polyodontidae in Croatia, of which only 2 still exist in the wild, both being classified in endangered IUCN categories. The biology of Acipenseridae in Croatia isn't researched enough, which poses a problem in conservation efforts. Gaining insights into their taxonomic and genetic diversity and geographic distribution is the first step for conducting research which will lead to adequate protection of these endangered species. This research uses methods of molecular analysis of the gene marker cytochrome b on species of sterlet and sturgeon captured in the wild and from a fishery. Reconstructions of phylogenetic trees using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, as well as a reconstruction of their phylogenetic network using mutual joining method and a reconstruction of their evolutionary history using Bayesian methods were made. Measures of their genetic diversity were also calculated. The results confirm that the sampled individuals belong to Acipenser ruthenus and A. baerii species and indicate a much higher degree of genetic diversity of wild populations in comparison to populations bred in fisheries
Investigation of magnetic behaviour of the copper(II) metal-organic layered perovskites using SQUID magnetometer
No full textPosljednjih su godina zbog svojih fizičkih svojstava metalo-organski slojeviti perovskiti postali predmetom mnogih znanstvenih istraživanja. Metalo-organski spojevi triflouretilamonijeva tetrabromokuprata (F_3EA)_2CuBr_4 i triflouretilamonijeva tetraklorkuprata (F_3EA)_2CuCl_4 pripadaju obitelji slojevitih perovskitnih materijala koji potencijalno mogu pokazati multiferoičnost. Sastoje se od feromagnetskih oktaedarskih slojeva između kojih se nalazi dvosloj organskih kationa. U ovom istraživanju proučavali smo magnetsko ponašanje navedenih spoja pomoću SQUID magnetometra namijenjenoga za proučavanje magnetskih svojstava sitnih eksperimentalnih uzoraka kroz široki raspon temperatura i magnetskih polja. Izmjerene su temperaturne ovisnosti magnetizacije M(T) za tri različite vrijednosti vanjskog primijenjenog polja i izotermne ovisnosti magnetizacije o polju M(H) pri temperaturama od 2 K i 20 K. Temperaturne ovisnosti magnetizacije za (F_3E_A)2CuBr_4 pokazale su postojanje feromagnetskog faznog prijelaza na Curieovoj temperaturi T_C = 12.8 K, dok su temperaturne ovisnosti magnetizacije za spoj (F_3EA)_2CuCl_4 pokazale postojanje karakterističnog antiferomagnetskog faznog prijelaza pri T_N = 8.9 K koji je posljedica antiferomagnetskih interakcija između susjednih feromagnetsko uređenih slojeva. Izotermna mjerenja ovisnosti magnetizacije prikazana su magnetskim histerezama koje su pokazale feromagnetsko ponašanje na temperaturama manjim od temperatura faznog prijelaza. Time su okarakterizirana osnovna magnetska svojstva ovih novih spojeva.In the last decade, due to their physical properties, metal-organic layered pervoskites became a subject of many scientific investigations. Metal-organic compounds such as triflourethylammonium tetrabromocuprate (F_3EA)_2CuBr_4 and triflourethylammonium tetrachlorocuprate (F_3EA)_2CuCl_4 belong to a family of layered pervoskite materials that could be potentially multiferroic. They are composed of ferromagnetic octahedric layers, interbedded with double layer of organic cations. In this research, we studied magnetic behaviour of both aforementioned compounds using the SQUID magnetometer. This device is used for observing magnetic properties in small experimental samples through a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. We measured temperature dependence of magnetisation M(T) in three different applied external magnetic fields and isothermal field dependence of magnetisation at temperatures 2 K and 20 K. Temperature dependence of magnetisation for (F_3EA)_2CuBr_4 showed existence of ferromagnetic phase transition at Curie temperature of T_C = 12.8 K, while temperature dependence of magnetisation for compound (F_3EA)_2CuCl_4 showed existence of characteristic antiferromagnetic phase transition at T_N = 8.9 K which is a consequence of antiferromagnetic interactions between neighbouring ferromagnetic layers. Measurements of isothermal field dependence of magnetisation are shown through magnetic hysteresis which exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour at temperatures below the phase transition temperature. By doing so, the basic magnetic properties of these novel compounds are characterized
Systematics of pygmy rowerhoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera: Scelimeninae) based on morphological characters
No full textTrnovratke (Tetrigidae) jedna su od najvećih skupina skakavaca, ali su za razliku od ostalih
skupina vezani za vodu. Jedna skupina među njima posebno je usko specijalizirana za život u vodi
i oko nje, a to su skakavci veslači (potporodica Scelimeninae). Njezin jedini tribus Scelimenini
obuhvaća oko 100 vrsta unutar 15 rodova, a radi se o najduljim trnovratkama na svijetu. Do sada
ova potporodica nikad nije bila sistematski organizirana. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je odrediti
položaj potporodice Scelimeninae, kao i odnose između i unutar rodova skakavaca veslača.
Molekularna filogenija pokazala je da ovoj potporodici pripadaju rodovi Scelimena i
Paragavialidium, ali ne i rod Falconius. Analizom glavnih komponenti (PCA) definirane su tri
skupine – ona roda Scelimena, ona roda Paragavialidium i ona roda Falconius, a rodovi Tefrinda
i tri vrste roda Tegotettix, kao i u ostalim analizama, ostali su nesvrstani. Kladistička je analiza
polučila iste rezultate te pokazala da unutar potporodice Scelimeninae postoje dvije srodne skupine
rodova. Jednoj pripada rod veslača Scelimena i srodni rodovi, a drugoj skupini pripadaju rodovi
neveslača, tj. Gavialidium i srodni rodovi. Rod Falconius se, kao ni u molekularnoj filogeniji, nije
priklonio nijednoj skupini. Beskrilni rod Austrohancockia po prvi je put morfološki
okarakterizirana kao pripadnik potporidice Scelimeninae. Ustanovljeno je da su neke vrste
svrstane u pogrešne rodove te im je potrebna taksonomska revizija.Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) are one of the largest grasshoppers' families, but are, unlike other
groups, closely related to water habitats. One group of pygmy grasshoppers is especially connected
to rivers and ponds – the rowerhoppers, subfamily Scelimeninae. This subfamily with its only
tribe, Scelimeni, gathers around 100 species within 15 genera. Those are the longest pygmy
grasshoppers in the world. This subfamily has never been classified by the means of evolutionary
systematics. The aim of this study was to determine the position of the subfamily Scelimeninae
within Tetrigidae, as well as to investigate the relationships of the genera and species within the
subfamily. Molecular phylogeny shows that Scelimena and Paragavialidium belong to this
subfamily, but Falconius does not. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows three clusters, i.e.,
Scelimena genus group, Paragavialidium genus group, and Falconius genus group. Three species
of Tegotettix and Tefrinda do not have clear affinity to any of the groups. Cladistic analysis agrees
with previous analyses and shows that within Scelimeninae there are two genus groups, the one
including Scelimena and related genera, as well as Paragavialidium and related genera. Genus
Falconius belongs to its own group, and as in molecular phylogeny, its placement remains unclear.
Apterous Austrohancockia has been characterized as Scelimeninae member for the first time. It
was determined that some genera require taxonomic revision because some species have been
incorrectly placed
The influence of elevated temperature and osmotic stress on cultivars of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)
No full textGlobano zagrijavanje i klimatske promjene zahtijevaju selekciju otpornih biljaka koje unatoč temperaturnim ekstremima i sušnim periodima mogu davati dobre prinose. Raštika (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) je biljka koja odlično uspijeva pri visokim temperaturama i u slanome tlu. U prvom dijelu rada testirana su 33 varijeteta raštike iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske i Hercegovine izlaganjem klijanaca toplinskom stresu (maksimum 38 °C), suši (uz primjenu 0,3 M manitola), te kombinaciji tih stresnih uvjeta. Usporedbom rezultata prirasta korijena, biomase, sadržaja vode i količine prolina odabrana su dva otpornija i dva neotporna kultivara na kojima je u drugom dijelu pokusa mjerena brza fluorescencija klorofila a (metoda OJIP), sadržaj vodikova peroksida, stupanj lipidne peroksidacije i aktivnost katalaze. Zatim je napravljena imunodetekcija proteina HSP70, HSP90 i Rubisco, te je analizirana ekspresija gena NAC041 i NAC084. Pronađeno je da u svim kultivarima raštike osmotski stres uzrokuje veće morfološke promjene klijanaca, veću akumulaciju prolina i veća oksidativna oštećenja nego povišena temperatura. Usporedbom otpornih i manje otpornih kultivara utvrđeno je da otporni prilikom izlaganja osmotskom i toplinskom stresu imaju bolju sposobnost očuvanja fotosintetske učinkovitosti, te da dolazi do povećanja količine proteina HSP70, HSP90 i Rubisco. Kod osjetljivog kultivara raštike ekspresija gena NAC041 smanjena je u osmotskom stresu, a ekspresija gena NAC084 smanjena je primjenom kombinacije toplinskog i osmotskog stresa. Otporan kultivar raštike ne pokazuje statistički značajno odstupanje u ekspresiji gena NAC041 i NAC084 između kontrolnog i stresnih tretmana.Global warming and climate change create an increased demand for the identification of drought and high temperature resistant plants in order to minimalize yield loss in crop plants. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a plant that has shown the ability to grow in high temperature environments and saline soils. In the first part of the experiments 33 varietes of kale from different parts of Croatia and Hercegovina were tested by exposing the seedlings to temperature stress (maximum 38 °C), drought (0,3 M mannitol) and the combination of the two stresses. Root growth, biomass, water and proline content were analyzed and two of the most and least resistant cultivars were chosen for further investigation and comparison. The four kale varieties were exposed to stresses previously described and chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured (OJIP method) as well as hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. Levels of HSP70, HSP90 and Rubisco protein were estimated after immunodetection and expression analysis was performed for NAC041 and NAC084 genes. It was found that osmotic stress caused greater morphological changes, greater proline accumulation and more oxidative damage than high temperature stress. The comparison of sensitive and resistant varieties revealed that when exposed to osmotic and high temperature stress, the resistant varieties are able to maintain better photosystem II functionality and performance and had increased levels of HSP70, HSP90 and Rubisco protein. In the sensitive kale cultivar the expression of the NAC041 gene was reduced under osmotic stress and the NAC084 gene under combined high temperature and osmotic stress. The resistant kale cultivar did not show a statistically significant change in NAC041 and NAC084 gene expression between control and stress treatments
Mixed quantum-classical approach to the calculation and assignment of the time-resolved photoelectron spectra
No full textVremenski razlučena fotoelektronska spektroskopija (TRPES) jedna je od najprikladnijih
pobudno-testnih tehnika za praćenje spregnute nuklearne i elektronske dinamike. Međutim,
kako bi se molekulska dinamika mogla "vidjeti" u spektru, potrebne su teorijske simulacije i
asignacije spektara. U ovom je radu klasični formalizam ulazno-izlaznog probira primjenjen
na TRPES tehinku. Osmišljena je i implementirana pragmatična metodologija izvrednjavanja
izraza, koja se temelji na multireferentnom opisu vezanih elektronskih stanja, miješanoj
kvantno-klasičnoj simulaciji neadijabatske dinamike te opisu fotoionizacijskog kontinuuma
unutar teorije funkcionala gustoće sa statičkom izmjenom. Uz to, osmišljen je i implementiran
jednostavan algoritam za asignaciju TRPES spektra u terminima elektronskih karaktera,
temeljen na dijabatizaciji vezanih elektronskih stanja. Ukupna metodologija je primjenjena
na dva prototipna fotoinducirana procesa, internu konverziju u pirazinu te otvaranje prstena u
cikloheksa-1,3-dienu. Nova saznanja o mehanizmima proučavanih procesa su prezentirana
i raspravljena. Dodatno, simulacijama neadijabatske dinamike proučeni su i mehanizmi
eliminacije dušika iz diazometana prilikom pobude u prvo i drugo pobuđeno stanje.Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) has proven to be one of the most convenient pump-probe techniques for monitoring the coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics.
However, in order to "see" the molecular dynamics in the spectrum, the theoretical simulations
and assignment of the spectra are needed. In this work, the classical doorway-window formalism has been applied to the TRPES technique. A pragmatic methodology of evaluation of
the expression has been designed and implemented. It consists of multireference treatment of
bound electronic states, a mixed quantum-classical simulation of nonadiabatic dynamics and
static-exchange DFT treatment of the photoionization continuum. Also, a simple procedure
of TRPES assignment in the terms of electronic characters, based on the diabatization of the
bound electronic states, has been designed and implemented. The methodology as a whole
has been applied on two prototype photoinduced processes: internal conversion in pyrazine
and the ring-opening reaction in cyclohexa-1,3-diene. New insights in the mechanisms of
the studied processes are presented and discussed. In addition, the mechanisms of nitrogen
elimination from diazomethane during excitation to the first and second excited state were
studied by simulations of nonadiabatic dynamics
Exploring mechanical responsiveness of crystals of copper(II) bromides and methyl derivatives of pyridine
No full textU okviru ovog diplomskog rada sintetizirani su koordinacijski polimeri bakrovih(II) klorida (1)
i bakrovih(II) bromida (2) s 3-metilpiridinom (3-Mepy, a) i 4-metilpiridinom (4-Mepy, b).
Priređeni spojevi [CuCl2(3-Mepy)2]n (1a), [CuCl2(4-Mepy)2]n (1b), [CuBr2(3-Mepy)2]n (2a) i
[CuBr2(4-Mepy)2]n (2b) sintetizirani su i kristalizirani metodom tekućinske difuzije uz
primjenu različitih otapala, metanola, etanola i izopropanola. Nastali produkti okarakterizirani
su infracrvenom spektroskopijom (IR), termičkim metodama (TG/DSC) i metodom difrakcije
rendgenskih zraka u polikristalnom uzorku (PXRD), dok su metodom difrakcije rendgenskog
zračenja u monokristalnom uzorku (SCXRD) određene njihove molekulske i kristalne
strukture. Ispitan je odziv igličastih kristala priređenih spojeva na primjenu vanjske mehaničke
sile, te je uočeno da su kristali spojeva 1a, 2a i 2b plastični, a kristali spoja 1b elastični te je
njihov mehanički odziv kvantificiran. Pokazalo se da male razlike u geometriji te posljedično i
jakosti vodikovih veza ostvarenih u kristalnim strukturama priređenih spojeva imaju značajan
utjecaj na vrstu mehaničkog odziva njihovih jediničnih kristala.This master thesis presents syntheses of coordination polymers of copper(II) chloride (1) and
copper(II) bromide (2) with 3-methylpyridine (3-Mepy, a) and 4-methylpyridine (4-Mepy, b).
Complexes [CuCl2(3-Mepy)2]n (1a), [CuCl2(4-Mepy)2]n (1b), [CuBr2(3-Mepy)2]n (2a) and
[CuBr2(4-Mepy)2]n (2b) were synthesized and crystallized via the layering technique using
different solvents, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The resulting compounds were
characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal methods (TG/DCS), and powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD), while the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) method was used to
determine their molecular and crystal structures. Crystals of all prepared complexes were
subjected to the application of mechanical force and their responses were mapped out. Crystals
of 1a, 2a, and 2b were plastically deformable, while crystals of 1b were elastically responsive
and their responses were quantified. It was observed that slight differences in the geometry and
consequently the strength of the hydrogen bonds that materialized in the crystal structures of
prepared compounds have a substantial impact on the type of mechanical responses
Stability and toxic effects of arsenic species in water samples
No full textU ovom radu ispitana je stabilnost omjera anorganskih specija arsena As(III)/As(V) u modelnim otopinama i uzorcima prirodnih podzemnih voda s četiri lokacije u Hrvatskoj uz dodatak sljedećih konzervansa: limunska kiselina, natrijev citrat, kalijev oksalat, kalijev–natrijev tartarat i octena kiselina. Specijacijska analiza provedena je metodom voltametrije anodnog otapanja i UPLC–ICP–MS. Utvrđeno je kako kombinacija ispitanih konzervansa s octenom kiselinom uspješno stabilizira omjer specija arsena te je on u modelnim otopinama stabilan do 8 dana, dok je u uzorcima prirodnih voda stabilan 6 do 7 dana. Akutnim testom ekotoksičnosti određena je vrijednost LC50 nakon 24 h na Daphnia magna. Dobivene vrijednosti su 5,07 ppm za As(III), 10,27 ppm za As(V) i 0,58 ppm za As(III) s nanočesticama željeza. MTT testom citotoksičnosti na HepG2 staničnoj liniji određena je vrijednosti LC50 nakon 24 h. Najveća citotoksičnost određena je za As(III) uz dodatak SPIO nanočestica, dok As(V) ne inducira staničnu smrt.In this paper, the stability of inorganic arsenic species ratio As(III)/As(V) in model solutions and natural groundwater samples from four locations in Croatia was investigated. Selected preservatives were citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium oxalate, potassium sodium tartrate and acetic acid. Speciation analysis was performed by anodic stripping voltammetry method and
UPLC–ICP–MS. It was shown that the combination of the tested preservatives with acetic acid stabilize the arsenic species ratio for up to 8 days in model solutions and for 6 to 7 days in natural water samples. The LC50 values determined by acute ecotoxicity test on Daphnia magna after 24 h amounted to 5.07, 10.27 and 0.58 ppm for As(III), As(V), As(III)/iron nanoparticles, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT test on human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) after 24 h and expressed as LC50 value. The most pronounced effect was observed for As(III)/Fe nanoparticles, while As(V) was inactive
Dinamika samoudruženih monoslojeva molekularnih strojeva na međupovršini voda/zrak
No full textWe present a computational study of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of several functional
molecules which share a triptycene core and differ in the number of anchoring groups and
functional mounts (photoswitches or light-driven motors). Structural properties of different
SAMs on the water-air interface are explored by nanoscale molecular dynamics carried out in
the tight-binding DFT formalism, as well as by static meta-GGA DFT calculations. Both
approaches give similar results, revealing that tilting and bending in SAMs is significant in all
investigated systems. Molecular dynamics shows that SAMs tilt collectively, although the
motion of individual machines is not strongly correlated. Functional heads, triptycenes and
anchoring groups are found to strongly affect SAM properties, and a structure bearing two
triptycene units and three anchoring groups is identified as the most promising future synthetic
target. Finally, the computational results are validated by comparing them with previously
performed experiments (anisotropic spectroscopy and ellipsometry).U ovom radu računalnim su metodama istraženi samoudruženi monoslojevi (SAM) niza
funkcionalnih molekula koje se razlikuju po funkcionalnoj jedinici (sklopka ili svjetlom
upogonjeni motor) i broju veznih skupina, a dijele tripticensku jezgru. Strukturna svojstva
različitih SAM-ova na međupovršini voda-zrak istražena su nanosekundnom molekulskom
dinamikom provedenom u formalizmu DFT modela čvrste veze, te meta-GGA DFT statičkim
izračunima. Oba pristupa daju slične rezultate i otkrivaju da su, u svim proučavanim sustavima,
molekule značajno nagnute i savinute. Rezultati molekulske dinamike pokazuju da je nagibanje
SAM-ova kolektivan proces, iako gibanje individualnih strojeva nije korelirano. Također,
potvrđeno je da funkcionalne glave, tripticeni i vezne skupine značajno utječu na svojstva
monoslojeva, te je kao glavni kandidat za sintezu novih funkcionalnih materijala identificiran
molekulski sustav s dvije tripticenske jedinice i tri vezne skupine. Usporedbom s prethodno
provedenim eksperimentima (anizotropnom spektroskopijom i elipsometrijom) potvrđeni su
računalni rezultati
Functional traits of invasive plant species in Croatia
No full textOvim istraživanjem napravljena je analiza podataka o funkcionalnim značajkama invazivnih
biljnih vrsta Hrvatske te njihove međusobne korelacije, kao i korelacije funkcionalnih značajki s
karakteristikama okoliša. Preuzeti su podaci iz ukupno jedanaest baza podataka za petnaest
funkcionalnih značajki vezanih uz stabljiku, list, cvjetanje i sjemenke. Napravljena je i analiza
rasprostranjenosti zabilježenih invazivnih vrsta s obzirom na alpinsku, kontinentalnu i
mediteransku biogeografsku regiju. Kvalitativne značajke analizirane su prema učestalosti
pojavljivanja pojedinačnih vrijednosti za funkcionalne značajke za Hrvatsku, kao i za svaku regiju
pojedinačno. Kvantitativne značajke analizirane su elementima deskriptivne statistike, uz
izračunate i težinske srednje vrijednosti (korigirane s obzirom na učestalost nalaza pojedine vrste).
Vrijednosti značajki među biogeografskim regijama uspoređene su ANOVA testovima. Izostanak
ustanovljenih značajnih razlika među biogeografskim regijama za dio značajki, dijelom je moguće
i posljedica nepostojanja dostupnih podataka o značajkama za veći broj vrsta. S druge strane
uočene razlike za neke značajke potvrđuju primjenjivost analize funkcionalnih značajki za bolje
razumijevanje rasprostranjenosti invazivnih biljaka. Usporedbom težinskih srednjih vrijednosti
alpinska biogeografska regija se pokazala različitom od kontinentalne i mediteranske
biogeografske regijeThis research analyzed data on the functional traits of invasive plant species in Croatia and their
mutual correlations, as well as the correlation of functional traits with environmental
characteristics. Data were retrieved from a total of eleven databases for fifteen functional traits
related to stem, leaf, flowering and seeds. An analysis of the distribution of recorded invasive
species was also made with regard to the Alpine, Continental and Mediterranean biogeographical
regions. Qualitative features were analyzed according to the frequency of occurrence of individual
values for functional traits for Croatia, as well as for each region individually. Quantitative features
were analyzed with elements of descriptive statistics, in addition to the calculated weighted mean
values (corrected with regard to the frequency of findings of a particular species). Trait values
among biogeographic regions were compared using ANOVA tests. The absence of established
significant differences between biogeographical regions for some of the traits is partly a possible
consequence of the lack of available data on traits for a larger number of species. On the other
hand, the observed differences for some traits confirm the applicability of the analysis of functional
traits for a better understanding of the distribution of invasive plants. By comparing the weighted
mean values, the Alpine biogeographical region was shown to be different from the Continental
and Mediterranean bigeographical regions
Diversity and diet of harvestmen (Opiliones) in perennial Mediterranean agroecosystems
No full textUnatoč brojnosti i širokoj rasprostranjenosti, lažipauci su još uvijek vrlo slabo poznata skupina,
a kao jedno od nedovoljno istraženih područja ističu se i njihovi trofički odnosi. Primarno su
predatori nad manjim beskralješnjacima, ali oportunistički se hrane i strvinama te biljnim
materijalom, zbog čega na više načina mogu utjecati na ekosustave čiji su dio. Cilj ovog rada
bio je utvrditi faunu i ekološke značajke lažipauka u mediteranskim poljoprivrednim
ekosustavima. Provedeno je morfološko određivanje jedinki uzorkovanih u vinogradima i
maslinicima Zadarske županije te utvrđivanje sastava i brojnosti vrsta i analiza probavila dijela
uzorkovanih jedinki DNA metabarkodiranjem. Dobiveni podaci uspoređeni su s podacima o
raznolikosti ostalih skupina beskralješnjaka prikupljenih tijekom terenskog istraživanja u
sklopu istog projekta. Morfološki su određene četiri vrste lažipauka. Najbrojnija je bila vrsta
Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758, a zabilježena je i jedna endemska vrsta zapadne jugoistočne
Europe, Astrobunus dinaricus Roewer, 1915. Metabarkodiranjem probavila lažipauka 10 je
sekvenci beskralješnjaka utvrđeno do vrste, a dvije do porodice, od kojih su tri vrste bile
potencijalni poljoprivredni nametnici. Dobiven je uvid u samo mali, ali obećavajući dio
raznolikosti i uloge lažipauka u vinogradima i maslinicima te su potrebna daljnja istraživanja
kako bi se razjasnio njihov značaj u ovim ekosustavima.Despite their abundance and worldwide distribution, Opiliones are still a very poorly known
order, and their trophic relationships are under-researched as well. They are primarily predators
of smaller invertebrates, but also opportunistically feed on carrion and plant matter, which is
why they affect the ecosystems they are a part of in multiple ways. This work aimed to
determine the fauna and ecological characteristics of Opiliones in Mediterranean agricultural
ecosystems. Morphological determination of the individuals sampled in the vineyards and olive
groves of Zadar County was carried out, as well as analysis of the composition and abundance
of species and DNA metabarcoding of gut contents of selected individuals. The obtained data
was compared with data on the diversity of other groups of invertebrates collected during field
research as part of the same project. Four species of harvestmen were morphologically
identified. The most numerous was Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758, and there was one
endemic species of the Western Southeast Europe, Astrobunus dinaricus Roewer, 1915. DNA
metabarcoding revealed ten species and two families of invertebrates, of which three species
were potential agricultural pests. This research gives an insight into a small but promising part
of the diversity and role of harvestmen in vineyards and olive groves, and further research is
needed to clarify their significance in these ecosystems