12064 research outputs found
Sort by
Investigation of lattice dynamics in strontium titanate
No full textU ovome radu istražujemo dinamiku rešetke nedopiranog i dopiranog (metalnog) stroncijevog titanata pomoću neelastičnog raspršenja hladnih neutrona, tijekom in situ elastične deformacije. Stroncijev titanat je kvantni paraelektrik, no primjenom naprezanja može doći do feroelektričnog uređenja. Korištena je posebno dizajnirana uniaksijalna tlačna ćelija za preciznu primjenu elastičnog naprezanja na uzorak, kako bismo proučili polarni meki mod oko točke prijelaza iz paraelektrične u feroelektričnu fazu. Neutronskim raspršenjem analizirana je disperzija mekog transverzalnog optičkog (TO) moda oko centra Brillouinove zone i njena ovisnost o primijenjenom naprezanju. U nedopiranom uzorku nije vidljiva promjena moda s naprezanjem iako je očekivano njegovo omekšavanje. U dopiranom uzorku je očekivano slično ponašanje zbog niskog dopiranja, no uočeno je povećanje frekvencije moda s naprezanjem. Diskutiramo moguće uzroke neočekivanih rezultata (manjak rezolucije, nedovoljno naprezanje, fazni prijelaz prvog reda, nagnutost kristalne rešetke) i buduća mjerenja koja bi trebala pružiti objašnjenje.In this study we investigate lattice dynamics of undoped and doped (metallic) strontium titanate using inelastic cold neutron scattering, with in situ elastic deformation. Strontium titanate is a quantum paraelectric, but with the application of stress, it can undergo a transition to a ferroelectric phase. A specially designed uniaxial strain cell was used for precise application of elastic stress to the sample, to study the polar soft mode around the paraelectric-ferroelectric transition point. The dispersion of the soft transverse optical (TO) mode from the center of the Brillouin zone and its dependence on the applied stress were analyzed by neutron scattering. In the undoped sample, no change in mode with stress is visible, although its softening is expected. In the doped sample, similar behavior is expected due to low doping; however, it was found that the mode frequency increases with stress. We discuss possible causes of unexpected results (lack of resolution, insufficient stress, first-order phase transition, lattice tilt) and future measurements that should provide an explanation
Synthesis of ferrocene conjugates of D-glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu provedena je sinteza D-glukoznih mono- i bis-konjugata ferocena, odnosno N-acetil-D-glukozaminskog mono-konjugata ferocena. Da bi se osigurala konformacijska fleksibilnost te samim time i stvaranje jakih vodikovih veza među ugljikohidratnim prstenovima, planirana je etilenska poveznica između ferocena i šećernih dijelova molekule. Kod monosupstituiranih derivata nije moguća indukcija helikalne kiralnosti ferocena, s obzirom na to da je na samo jedan njegov prsten vezana šećerna jedinica, uslijed čega ovi derivati zapravo služe samo za usporedbu. Očekuje se da će u disupstituirani derivatima, sa šećernim jedinicama vezanim na gornji i donji prsten ferocena, doći do ostvarivanja intramolekulskih vodikovih veza, što bi zbog kiralnosti šećera trebalo inducirati helikalnu kiralnost ferocena. Sinteza D-glukoznih derivata provedena je izravnom metodom glikozilacije peracetilirane D-glukoze uz 2-brometanol kao akceptor glikozidne veze, a u slučaju N-acetil- D-glukozaminskog derivata sinteza je provedena glikozilacijom oksazolinskog međuprodukta 2-brometanolom. Nastali bromidi supstituirani su azidom koji je zatim redukcijom preveden u amin u svrhu kondenzacije s ferocenskom (di)karboksilnom kiselinom. Karakterizacija produkata provedena je uporabom spektroskopskih metoda (IR, NMR).In this diploma thesis, the synthesis of D-glucose mono- and bis-conjugates of ferrocene was carried out, and also an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine mono-conjugate of ferrocene. To ensure conformational flexibility and thus the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between the carbohydrate rings, an ethylene link was planned between ferrocene and the sugar parts of the molecule. In the case of monosubstituted derivatives, the induction of helical chirality of ferrocene is not possible, given that only one of its rings has a sugar unit attached, thus these derivatives serve only for comparison. It is expected that in disubstituted derivatives, with sugar units attached to the both rings of ferrocene, intramolecular hydrogen bonds will form, which should induce helical chirality of ferrocene due to the chirality of the sugar. The synthesis of D-glucose derivatives was carried via direct glycosylation of peracetylated D-glucose with 2-bromoethanol as a glycosidic bond acceptor, and in the case of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine derivative, the synthesis was performed by glycosylation of the oxazoline intermediate with 2-bromometalnol. The resulting bromides were substituted with an azide, which was then reduced to the amine for the purpose of condensation with ferrocene (di)carboxylic acid. Product characterization was carried out using spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR)
The effect of cisplatin and resveratrol nanocrystals on the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in mice bearing Ehrlich's solid tumor
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti združeno djelovanje otopine resveratrola i njegovih nanokristala u dozi od 50 mg/kg primjenjeni peroralno (po) i cisplatine injicirane intraperitonealno (ip) u dozi od 2,5 mg/kg, 10. i 12. dan te 15. dan u dozi od 5 mg/kg, na rast solidnog oblika Ehrlichovog ascitesnog tumora (sEAT). Miševima soja Balb/C je u područje desnog bedra supkutano inokulirana suspenzija stanica EAT koncentracije 1x106. Životinje su nasumično podijeljene u 6 skupina (n = 15) s obzirom na primijenjen tretman. Dio životinja (n = 10) ostavili smo za praćenje parametara; volumen tumora, promjena tjelesne mase životinja, povećanje životnog vijeka i ukupno preživljenje, dok je 5 životinja po skupini žrtvovano 16. dan od inokulacije EAT-a za analizu broja krvnih žila, ekspresiju čimbenika induciranog hipoksijom 1 alfa (HIF-1α) i inducibilne dušik-oksid sintaze (iNOS) te za mjerenje koncentracije dušikovog (II) oksida (NO). Rezultati pokazuju da resveratrol i njegovi nanokristali u kombinaciji s cisplatinom dovode do povećanja životnog vijeka i ukupnog preživljenja miševa, smanjuju volumen tumora kojeg prati smanjenje tjelesne mase životinja. Sama otopina resveratrola snizila je izraženost HIF-1α u tkivu tumora i jetre, dok je izraženost iNOS velika u većini tretiranih grupa što upućuje na protutumorski učinak i aktivnost M1 makrofaga. Resveratrol i njegovi nanokristali, pokazali su i smanjeni broj krvnih žila u tkivu tumora i jetre. Možemo zaključiti da kombinirana primjena resveratrola i cisplatine ima pozitivan učinak u liječenju tumora. Resveratrol i njegovi nanokristali pokazuju antioksidativna, protuupalna i antiangiogena svojstva te osim djelovanja na sam tumor, moguće je da smanjuju toksični učinak cisplatine na jetru.The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of a resveratrol solution and its
nanocrystals in a dose of 50 mg/kg ap p lied perorally po and the cisplatin injected
intraperitoneally ( ip in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, on days 10 and 12, and on day 15 in a dose of 5
mg/kg on the growth of the solid form of Ehrlich ascites tumor (sEAT). A suspension of EAT
cells at a concentration of 1x10 6 was subcutaneously inoculated into the right thigh of Balb/C
mice. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 15) according to the applied
treatment. Five animals from each group were sacrificed on the day 16 after EAT inoculation
for the analysis of the number of blood vessels, the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1
alpha ( HIF 1 α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS), as well as for the measurement of
nitric (II ) oxide (NO) concentrations, while w e kept part of the animals (n = 10) for monitoring
the parameters of tumor volume, change s in animal body weight , increase in lifespan and
overall survival The results indicate that resveratrol and its nanocrystals in combination with
cisplatin lead to an increase in the life span and overall survival of mice, reduce the tumor
volume, which is accompanied by a decrease in the body mass of the animals. The re sveratrol
solution reduced HIF 1 α expression in tumor and liver tissue, while iNOS expression was high
in most of the treated groups, which indicates an antitumor effect and M1 macrophage activity.
Resveratrol and its nanocrystals also showed a reduced number of blood vessels in tumor and
liver tissue. We can conclude that the combined use of resveratrol and cisplatin has a positive
effect in the treatment of tumors. Resveratrol and its nanocrystals show antioxidant, anti
inflammatory and anti angiogenic properties, and besides acting on the tumor itself, it is
possible that they reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver
Fungal mycelium as an environmentally acceptable alternative to plastic
No full textRastuća zabrinutost zbog okolišnih, ali i zdravstvenih posljedica uporabe plastike, polimernih materijala
dobivenih iz neobnovljivih izvora poput nafte, potaknula je znanstvenike da istraže održive i okolišno
prihvatljive alternative za ove materijale. U širokom izboru biomaterijala, koji zahtijevaju manji utrošak
energije prilikom proizvodnje i koji su biorazgradivi, izdvajaju se kompoziti sačinjeni od micelija
(Mycelium Based Composites), MBC. Kompoziti sačinjeni od micelija dobiveni su kombiniranjem različitih
vrsta gljiva s poljoprivrednim ostacima, primjerice pšenicom ili konopljom, koji čine supstrat za rast
micelija gljiva. Odabrane vrste uglavnom pripadaju tzv. gljivama bijele truleži, a rodovi Pleurotus i
Ganoderma najčešće se koriste za uzgoj. Odabir supstrata, vrste gljive, kao i kontroliranje uvjeta rasta
tijekom procesa proizvodnje MBC-a uvjetuje nastanku raznolikih biorazgradivih materijala koji po
mehaničkim svojstvima mogu biti konkurenti plastičnim proizvodima. Potencijal primjene micelijskih
materijala vidljiv je posljednjih nekoliko godina u raznim studijama i primjenama, primjerice u ambalažnoj
i građevinskoj industriji, a tvrtke poput Ecovative sa svojim jedinstvenim proizvodima utiru put na tržištu.
U konačnici, istraživanja sugeriraju da kompoziti sačinjeni od micelija imaju izvanredan potencijal da
postanu alternativa plastici, no daljnja istraživanja su potrebna kako bi se ostvario puni potencijal ovih
materijala.Growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of the use of plastic, a group of materials
made of polymers and obtained from non-renewable sources such as oil, has encouraged scientists to
investigate sustainable and environmentally acceptable alternatives to these materials. Among the wide
selection of biomaterials, which require less energy during production, and are biodegradable, myceliumbased composites or MBCs stand out. MBCs are obtained by combining different types of mushrooms with
agricultural residues, for example with wheat or hemp, which form the substrate for the growth of mushroom
mycelium. The selected species mostly belong to white rot fungi, and the genus Pleurotus and Ganoderma
are most often used for cultivation. The selection of the substrate, the type of mushroom, as well as the
control of growth conditions during the production process of MBCs allows for the creation of diverse
biodegradable materials that can compete with plastic products in terms of mechanical properties. Mycelial
materials have been showing their potential for the past few years in various studies and applications, for
example in the packaging and construction industry, while companies like Ecovative are paving the way on
the market with their unique products. Ultimately, research suggests that composites made of mycelium
have extraordinary potential to become an alternative to plastics, but further research is needed to realize
the full potential of these materials
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli from patients blood cultures
No full textBakterija Escherichia coli dio je crijevnog mikrobioma ljudi i toplokrvnih životinja, ali je i
oportunistički patogen koji uzrokuje crijevne i vancrijevne infekcije. Cilj ovog rada je ispitati
osjetljivost bakterije E. coli na antibiotike iz hemokultura pacijenata iz KBC Split u 2021. g. i
utvrditi učestalost ESBL – producirajućih (engl. extended – spectrum – beta – lactamases) i CRE
– sojeva (engl. carbapenem – resistant – Enterobacteriaceae). Izolati su redom bili najosjetljiviji
na fosfomicin, karbapeneme, aminoglikozide, antibiotike koje sadrže inhibitore beta – laktamaze,
zatim na cefalosporine, florokinolone, sulfonamide, a najrezistentniji bili su na peniciline.
Utvrđeno je da je 12,2% izolata pripadalo ESBL – producirajućim sojevima, dok nijedan izolat
nije pripadao CRE – sojevima. ESBL – producirajući sojevi pokazali su višu stopu rezistencije
na peniciline, cefalosporine, fluorokinolone, sulfonamide i nešto višu stopu rezistencije na
aminoglikozide i antibiotike koji sadrže inhibitore beta – laktamaza, u odnosu na izolate koji ne
proizvode ESBL. ESBL – producirajući sojevi bili su osjetljiviji na antibiotike koji sadrže
inhibitore beta – laktamaza, u odnosu na peniciline i cefalosporine koji ne sadrže inhibitore beta
– laktamaza.Bacterium Escherichia coli is a part of a healthy gut microbiome of humans and warm-blooded
animals. It is also an opportunistic pathogen, which causes intestinal and extra-intestinal
infections. The aim of this thesis was to test antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli from blood
cultures of patients tested in KBC Split in 2021 and to determine the frequency of ESBL –
producing (extended – spectrum – beta – lactamases) and CRE – strains (carbapenem – resistant
– Enterobacteriaceae). Isolates were the most susceptible to fosfomycin, carbapenems,
aminoglycosides, antibiotics with beta – lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones,
sulphonamides and finally penicilins. It was determined that 12,2 % of isolates were ESBL –
producing and none of them was CRE. ESBL – producing strains showed a higher percent of
resistance towards penicilins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolons, sulponamides, slightly higher
percent of resistance towards aminoglycosides and antibiotics with beta – lactamase inhibitors, in
comparison with non-ESBL producing strains. ESBL – producing strains were more susceptible
to antibiotics containing beta – lactamase inhibitors, compared to penicilins and cephalosporins
which do not contain beta – lactamase inhibitors
Identifikacija genskog potpisa upalnog raka dojke čovjeka metodama strojnog učenja
No full textInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer characterized by its fast
progression, aggressiveness, and symptoms similar to acute breast inflammation. The key role in
IBC plays its complex tumour microenvironment. Despite the extensive research, an IBC-specific
gene signature remains to be discovered. A major obstacle in IBC research is the fact that most of
the available genomic data is obtained using microarray technology which has its limitations. A
computational deconvolution approach provides a new perspective in investigating IBC.
Deconvolution methods can overcome challenges regarding tumour samples obtained using
distinct microarray platforms, and the difference between ratios of tumour and stromal cells within
samples from distinct datasets. In this graduation thesis, the deconvolution method CIBERSORTx
was performed to obtain relative cell fractions of different cell types in IBC and non-IBC samples,
and to obtain cell-type specific gene expression profiles. Statistical analysis of relative cell fractions
revealed statistically significant differences in relative cell fractions of different cell types between
IBC and non-IBC samples. Random forest and SVM models were trained using cell-type specific
gene expression profiles and their performance was evaluated using an independent test dataset
comprised of 110 samples (39 IBC, 71 non-IBC).Upalni rak dojke (engl. inflammatory breast cancer, IBC) je rijedak podtip raka dojke
karakteriziran brzom progresijom i simptoma nalik akutnoj upali dojke. Ključnu ulogu kod upalnog
raka dojke ima kompleksan tumorski mikrookoliš. Unatoč intenzivnim istraživanjima, genski
potpis specifičan za upalni rak dojke i dalje nije otkriven. Glavna prepreka u istraživanjima upalnog
raka dojke su ograničenja DNA-mikročipova, kojima je dobivena većina dostupnih genomskih
podataka o ovom tipu raka. Računalna dekonvolucija predstavlja novi pristup u istraživanju
upalnog raka dojke. Korištenjem računalne dekonvolucije mogu se prevladati izazovi vezani uz
analizu uzoraka tumora dobivenih korištenjem različitih DNA-mikročipova te usporediti razlika
između omjera tumorskih i stromalnih stanica u uzorcima porijeklom iz različitih setova podataka.
U ovom diplomskom radu, provedena je metoda CIBERSORTx kojom su dobiveni relativni
stanični udjeli različitih staničnih tipova za uzorke tkiva upalnog i neupalnog raka dojke. Također,
dobiveni su i ekspresijski profili specifični za pojedini tip stanica. Statističkom analizom utvrđeno
je da postoje statistički značajne razlike u relativnim staničnim udjelima analiziranih staničnih
tipova između uzoraka tkiva upalnog i neupalnog raka dojke. Modeli strojnog učenja „Random
forest“ i „SVM“ istrenirani su korištenjem ekspresijskih profila dobivenih metodom
CIBERSORTx. Preciznost klasifikacije istreniranih modela strojnog učenja utvrđena je na testnom
setu podataka koji sadrži 110 uzoraka (39 IBC, 71 non-IBC)
Age structure and growth of bivalve Unio crassus in different environmental conditions
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je usporediti dobnu strukturu i morfometrijske značajke dviju populacija
školjkaša Unio crassus na referentnoj i onečišćenoj postaji na rijeci Mrežnici te dobivene rezultate
usporediti s onima iz drugih dijelova Europe. Uzorkovanje školjkaša obavljeno je 7. srpnja 2020.
godine. Sa svakog lokaliteta prikupljeno je 30 jedinki kojima je određena starost i dinamika rasta
analizom unutrašnjih linija rasta primjenom acetatnih preslika. Dužinski raspon ljuštura s
referentne postaje iznosio je 4,5 - 5,6 cm, a na onečišćenoj postaji 5,2 - 6,1 cm. Procijenjena starost
analiziranim jedinkama s referentne postaje varirao je od 10 do 29 godina s prosjekom od 21,4 ±
4,2 godine, dok je na onečišćenoj postaji procijenjena starost od 10 do 22 godine s prosjekom od
15,6 ± 3,7 godina. Modificiranim von Bertalanffy-jevim jednadžbama prikazane su dinamike rasta
školjkaša pokazujući brži rast jedinki onečišćene postaje. Izrađena kronologija rasta za obje
istraživane populacije ukazala je na jednu karakterističnu godinu sa širokim prstenom rasta koja
kronološki odgovara 2015. godini. Usporedbom kronologije rasta i dostupnih podataka o okolišu
nije utvrđena jasna povezanost.The aim of this study was to compare age structure and morphometric features of two populations
of bivalve Unio crassus at the reference and polluted station on Mrežnica river, and compare the
obtained results with those from other parts of Europe. Sampling of bivalves was carried out on
July 7th, 2020. From each locality, 30 individuals were collected. Age and growth dynamics were
determined by analyzing internal growth lines in acetate peels. The length range of shells from the
reference station was 4.5 - 5.6 cm, while at the polluted station it was 5,2 - 6,1 cm. The estimated
age of the analyzed individuals from the reference station varied from 10 to 29 years with an
average of 21,4 ± 4,2 years, while the estimated age at the polluted station was from 10 to 22 with
an average of 15,6 ± 3,7 years. The modified von Bertalanffy equations show the dynamics of shell
growth, showing faster shell growth at the polluted station. A chronology was made for both
researched locations and they had one characteristic year with a wide growth ring that
chronologically corresponds to 2015. By comparing the chronology and the available
environmental data, there was no clear correlation
Istraživanje pogrešaka segregacije kromosoma u skupu ljudskih staničnih linija raka pomoću mikroskopa s rešetkastom svjetlosnom plohom
No full textChromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer cells that furthers tumour progression by the
mis-segregation of chromosomes. Even though certain aspects of it have long been described,
novel phenomena are being established as major predictors of mitotic errors in cancers with
chromosomal instability. In this thesis, chromosomal instability was measured on 10 various
cancer cell lines through the occurrence of metaphase unaligned chromosomes, lagging
chromosomes, chromosome bridges, multipolar mitoses, micronuclei, transient multipolar
transition and other phenomena. Additionally, the co-occurrences of these phenomena were
investigated to gain insight into their correlations. The lattice light-sheet microscope allowed for
long-term live imaging of these cell lines in a substantial number of observed mitoses, enabling
the creation of a database of mitotic errors and phenomena for all cell lines in a timely manner.Kromosomska nestabilnost je značajka stanica raka koja potiče progresiju tumora pomoću
nepravilne segregacije kromosoma. Iako su njeni pojedini aspekti već davno opisani, novi
fenomeni se ukazuju kao snažni čimbenici za predviđanje pogrešaka u mitozi stanica raka koje
posjeduju kromosomsku nestabilnost. U ovome radu, kromosomska nestabilnost je izmjerena u
10 raznovrsnih staničnih linija raka kroz pojavnost metafaznih neporavnatih kromosoma,
zaostajućih kromosoma, kromosomskih mostova, multipolarnih mitoza, mikronukleusa,
tranzijentne multipolarne tranzicije i ostale fenomene. Dodatno, istovremene pojavnosti ovih
fenomena su istražene kako bi se dobio uvid u njihove korelacije. Mikroskop s rešetkastom
svjetlosnom plohom je omogućio dugotrajno uživo snimanje ovih staničnih linija u značajnom
broju promatranih mitoza, što je dozvolilo relativno brzo stvaranje baze podataka mitotskih
pogrešaka i fenomena za sve stanične linije
Osnovno stanje vala gustoće naboja u interkaliranom grafitu CaC6
No full textThe physics of graphite intercalated compounds (GIC), in spite of the fact that these materials were synthesised quite long ago, is still the focus of modern theoretical and experimental research. The interest of the scientific community is focused on GIC, mostly due to the possibility of forming unusual superconducting (SC) and charge density wave (CDW) ground states. We focus on one of these materials, CaC6, in which experiments clearly demonstrate the existence of CDWs. The very existence of the CDW is quite unusual due to the fact that the graphene Fermi surface, chemically doped by calcium intercalates, shows no so-called "nesting property," i.e., no Peierls mechanism, which has been the paradigmatic mechanism behind the CDW instability since the 1950s and was experimentally realised during the 1980s in highly anisotropic materials with open Fermi surfaces. We show that the CaC6 Fermi surface undergoes a different CDW stabilisation mechanism based on the topological reconstruction (of the Fermi Surface) and critical strength of the electron-phonon interaction. Such topological reconstruction, which transforms the set of closed Fermi pockets into open Fermi sheets, has profound effects on transport and magnetotransport properties. In this thesis, we show how the Fermi surface reconstruction stabilises the CDW ground state. Furthermore, we present the magnetotransport properties, taking into account magnetic breakdown.Cilj ovog rada je opisati i objasniti pojavu nastanka valova gustoće naboja u interkaliranom grafitu CaC6 tzv. minimalnim modelom, koji sadrži samo fizikalne odlike nužne za samu egzistenciju pojave vala gustoće naboja. Inicijalni problem sustava vezanih elektrona i fonona opisujemo dvodimenzionalnim Fröhlichovim hamiltonijanom. Njega tretiramo u aproksimaciji srednjeg polja i uvodimo kompleksni parametar uređenja. Nakon tretmana aproksimacijom srednjeg polja dobivamo izraz za elektronske vrpce. Kako bismo dobili oblik rekonstruiranih elektronskih vrpci, posežemo za posebno razvijenim metodama razvoja podintegralnih funkcija kako bismo dobili analitički rezultat za kondenzacijsku energiju sustava. Da bi novonastalo stanje s valom gustoće naboja bilo stabilno, kondenzacijska energija mora biti pozitivna, a njezina maksimizacija vrši se optimizacijom izraza po samosuglasnom valnom vektoru vala gustoće i po njegovom parametru uređenja. Nadalje, određujemo koji je fononski mod kristalne rešetke u CaC6 strukturi zaslužan za pojavu vala gustoće. Pokazuje se da je to TA mod titranja kalcijeve superrešetke u njezinoj ravnini. Ovaj mod je "najmekši", odnosno ima najmanju energiju, ali i najjače vezan je vezan na grafenske elektrone čime su eliminirani svi grafenski vibracijski modovi, kao i kalcijevi fleksuralni modovi titranja
Epizoic symbioses on land
No full textEpizoičke simbioze oblik su suživota u kojemu jedna ili više vrsta živi na površini životinje. Kopnene su epizoičke simbioze, za razliku od onih u vodenom mediju, slabo istražene i nikad nisu sistematizirane. Cilj je ovog rada bio napraviti pregled objavljenih i neobjavljenih primjera kopnenih epizoičkih simbioza. U svrhu popisivanja objavljenih primjera proučena je dostupna znanstvena literatura, a fotografije neobjavljenih primjera tražene su na stranicama iNaturalist, Flickr i dobivene osobno od autora fotografija. Najviše je primjera pronađeno na predstavnicima koljena Arthropoda, pri čemu prednjače skakavci porodice Tetrigidae. Epibionti su fotosintetski i nefotosintetski organizmi i uključuju alge, gljive, lišajeve i mahovine. Gotovo svi primjeri otkriveni su u tropskom pojasu; značajni su čimbenici za njihov opstanak vlaga i mogućnost zadržavanja vode na površini domaćina. DNA barkodiranje i metagenomika važne su metode za determinaciju epibionata odnosno stvaranje baza sekvenci DNA, što omogućuje istraživanje kofilogenije domaćina i epibionta. Kofilogenija u sprezi s dobrim modelom simbioze nudi detaljan uvid u kompleksnu ekologiju i evoluciju simbioze.Epizoic symbioses present a form of symbiosis in which one or more species exist on the surface of an animal. As opposed to those in aqueous media, land epizoic symbioses are not well-studied and are yet to be properly systemized. The main objective of this thesis was to create a review of both published and unpublished instances of epizoic symbioses on land. Available scientific literature was perused for the purpose of cataloguing published instances while photographs on iNaturalist, Flickr and those acquired directly from authors were scrutinized in search of instances that are not published. The majority of occurrences were recorded on arthropods, with pygmy grasshoppers of the family Tetrigidae being the most common hosts. Epibionts include both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms and comprise of algae, fungi, lichens and mosses. Nearly all of the instances were documented in the tropics; humidity and water retention on the hosts' surface were recognized as significant factors in survival. DNA barcoding and metagenomics are important methods used for identification of epibionts and creation of archives of epibiont DNA sequences, respectively, which in turn allows for the examination of host-epibiont cophylogeny. Cophylogeny in conjunction with an adequate model of symbiosis provides detailed insight into complex ecology and evolution of symbiotic relationships