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MEMS Seismic Sensor with FPAA Based Interface Circuit for Frequency-Drift Compensation using ANN
No full textElectrochemical MEMS seismic sensor is limited by its non-ideality of frequency dependent characteristics hence interface circuits for compensation is necessary. The conventional compensation circuits are limited by high power consumption, bulky external hardware circuitry. In these methods digital circuits are also limited by inherent analog to digital conversion and vice versa which consumes significant power, acquires more size and limits speed. A Field programmable analog array (FPAA) overcomes these limitations and gives fast, simple and user friendly development platform with less development speed comparable to ASIC. Recently FPAA becoming popular for rapid prototyping. The proposed system presents FPAA (Anadigm AN231E04) based hardware implementation of ANN model. Using this FPAA based compensation circuit, the error in frequency drift have been minimized in the range of 3.68% to about 0.64% as compared to ANN simulated results in the range of 23.07% to 0.99 %. This single neuron consumes of power of 206.62 mW. and has minimum block wise resource utilization. The proposed hardware uses all analog blocks which remove the requirement of ADC and DAC reducing significant power and size of interface circuit. This work gives the SMART MEMS seismic sensor with reliable output and ANN based intelligent interface circuit implemented in FPAA hardware
Software and Hardware for managing Scratch Pad Memory
No full textThis paper proposes a low-cost architecture to improve the management SPM (Scratch Pad Memory) in dynamic and multitasking modes. In this context, our management strategy SPM based on Programmable Automaton implemented in Xilinx Vertex-5 FPGA is entirely different from prior research works. SPM is generally managed by software (by a strong programming logic or by compilation). But our Programmable Automaton facilitates access to SPM in order to move code or data and liberates space in SPM. After this step, software takes over content management of SPM (what part of code or data should be placed in SPM, locates spaces of Heap and Stack). So the performance of the programs is actually improved thanks to minimization of the access latency at the DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory or Main Memory)
FPGA Implementation of High Speed Hardware Efficient Carry Select Adder
No full textThis paper presents a novel architecture for high speed and hardware efficient carry select addition. We modify the two operand ripple carry addition followed in conventional Carry SeLect Adder(CSLA) with a simple and efficient gate level circuit to reduce area and delay significantly. For this, we use an increment 1 block for generating the sum outputs with carry input 1 instead of second pair ripple carry adder as in conventional CSLA. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it reduces area, and the delay due to carry propagation in second pair of adder cells. The proposed CSLA adder has been designed using structural VHDL code and synthesized using Altera Quartus II. Experimental results show that the proposed design outperform the previous approaches in terms of delay and area reduction
A Proposed DDS Enabled Model for Data Warehouses with Real Time Updates
No full textData warehouse generally contains both types of data i.e. historical & current data from various data sources. Data warehouse in world of computing can be defined as system created for analysis and reporting of these both types of data. These analysis report is then used by an organization to make decisions which helps them in their growth. Construction of data warehouse appears to be simple, collection of data from data sources into one place (after extraction, transform and loading). But construction involves several issues such as inconsistent data, logic conflicts, user acceptance, cost, quality, security, stake holder’s contradictions, REST alignment etc. These issues need to be overcome otherwise will lead to unfortunate consequences affecting the organization growth. Proposed model tries to solve these issues such as REST alignment, stake holder’s contradiction etc. by involving experts of various domains such as technical, analytical, decision makers, management representatives etc. during initialization phase to better understand the requirements and mapping these requirements to data sources during design phase of data warehouse
Three Area Power System Load Frequency Control Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
No full textSystem frequency is one of the most important parameters of a power system. Due to generation-load mismatches, the system frequency can vary over a small range. When the power consumed by loads and overall losses is greater than the generated power, the operating frequency of the system will decrease, resulting in a situation known as the under frequency condition. In some other case, if some of the loads in a system are disconnected from the system suddenly, or lost, it leads to a condition called as the over frequency condition.This condition is characterized by greater input power than the consumed power by the loads. The rest of the loads in the system will absorb the extra power and the generator inertia, leading to an increase in the system frequency. In both the cases, the system frequency fluctuates from the power system’s limited frequency range, further leading to tripping off of the substation and further collapsing of the entire system. The paper describes a new method employing a smart meter to monitor and control the power system frequency which changes according to the loading conditions in the system, whether under load condition or overload condition
Kalman Filter Algorithm for Mitigation of Power System Harmonics
No full textThe maiden application of a variant of Kalman Filter (KF) algorithms known as Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LET-KF) are used for mitigation and estimation power system harmonics are proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is applied for estimating the harmonic parameters of power signal containing harmonics, sub-harmonics and inter-harmonics in presence of random noise. The KF group of algorithms are tested and applied for both stationary as well as dynamic signal containing harmonics. The proposed LET-KF algorithm is compared with conventional KF based algorithms like KF, Ensemble Kalman Filter (En-KF) algorithms for harmonic estimation with the random noise values 0.001, 0.05 and 0.1. Among these three noises, 0.01 random noise results will give better than other two noises. Because the phase deviation and amplitude deviation less in 0.01 random noise. The proposed algorithm gives the better results to improve the efficiency and accuracy in terms of simplicity and computational features. Hence there are less multiplicative operations, which reduce the rounding errors. It is also less expensive as it reduces the requirement of storing large matrices, such as the Kalman gain matrix used in other KF based methods
Pilot Decontamination over Time Frequency and Space Domains in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO System
No full textIn this article, we show that Pilot contamination problem can be seen as a source separation problem using time, frequency, and space domains. Our method capitalizes on a joint diagonalization of spatial quadratic time-frequency(STFD)signal representation to identify the desired and interfering users. We first compute the noise subspace from the STFD matrices selected appropriately. Secondly, we use the noise subspace obtained to estimate the Elevation(El) and the Azimuth(Az) angles for which the MUSIC cost function is maximized. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the behavior of the proposed approach
Sustainability Capacity of HIV Programs in National Capital Region, Philippines
No full textAcross all the regions in the Philippines, the National Capital Region (NCR) got the highest percentage (37%) for HIV newly diagnosed cases based from the July-August 2017 HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Philippines’ report. The National HIV, AIDS, and STI Prevention and Control Program (NASPCP) of the Department of Health (DOH) lead the different health services in the prevention of HIV transmission. Anchored with the NASPCP, different HIV programs of DOH’s selected partner institutions and organizations within NCR continuously exist. However, due to the increase on the number of newly diagnosed HIV cases in the country, ensuring its sustainability through assessing the different domains of their program was in need to be studied. This article was based from an undergraduate thesis study which aimed to assess the sustainability capacity of HIV programs among DOH’s selected partner institutions and organizations within NCR, Philippines, scoping the eight domains specifically the environmental support, funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, program evaluation, program adaptation, communications, and strategic planning. The study used a quantitative approach; 17 government institutions specifically city health offices and 13 non-government HIV-related organizations for a total of 30 respondents. Survey method was utilized using the standardized Program Sustainability Assessment Tool adapted from the Washington University in St. Louis. Based from the results and findings of the study, generally, all the domains were leaning either in great and greater extent as verbally interpreted. From the conclusion, all the domains of the HIV programs of the respondents were sustainable. However, the study recommended to the DOH and all the HIV program implementers the developed and proposed narrative-type action plan. By that means, future researchers can assess again and see if the NCR achieved the vision of the Health Sector Plan for HIV and STI for the year 2015-2020 to have zero new infections, zero discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths
Identification of Potential Drug Interaction with Complementary and Alternative Medicines among Chronic Disease Outpatients
No full textChronic diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are related with multiple drug prescription which can lead to drug interaction. The high usage of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in Indonesians can also increase the risk for drug interaction. The objective of this study is to describe CAMs use and identify potential drug interaction with CAMs in CHF and CKD outpatients. The study is a cross sectional study. Data of prescribed drugs and CAMs consumed by the patients was collected by using medication reconciliation process. Data of routine CAMs and prescribed medicines were compared to identify potential drug interactions which were then classified based on their mechanism and significance. The result showed that 6,90 % of CHF patients and 25 % of CKD patients consumed CAMs. Potential drug interaction between the CAMs and the prescribed drugs was identified in 2.74% of patients consuming CAMs. Based on the mechanism, interaction was dominated by pharmacodynamics interaction (69.2%) while interaction significancy was various. It can be concluded that CAMs usage was more familiar in CKD patients compared to CHF patients. Potential drug interaction with CAMs was able to be identified through medication reconciliation process and should be taken into awareness by the healthcare team
Determination of Secondary School 4th Grade Students’ Mental Models of the Astronomer
No full textTeaching astronomy to young generations is of great importance because astronomy education helps us to better understand the world we are living in and to find answers to our questions. In this regard, the current study aimed to determine the secondary school 4th grade students’ mental models of the astronomer. The current research is designed as a descriptive study employing the special case study method. The study was conducted in a city located in the western part of Turkey. The study group is comprised of a total of 77 secondary school 4th grade students attending a state school. In line with the purpose of the study, a data collection tool consisted of 2 open-ended questions was developed. In light of the findings of the study, it can be argued that the mental models possessed by the students about the astronomer are the scientific model, the astronaut model and the celestial bodies mode