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    The production, purification, and analysis of thermochemically produced distillates

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    Lähisuhdeväkivalta lapsiperheissä

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    Emission dynamics of reactive oxygen species and oxidative potential in particles from a petrol car and wood stove

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    Air pollution is one of the largest environmental health risks and one of the leading causes of adverse health outcomes and mortality worldwide. The possible importance of the oxidative potential (OP) as a metric to quantify particle toxicity in air pollution is increasingly being recognised. In this work, the OP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of particles from fresh and aged petrol passenger car emissions and residential wood combustion (RWC) emissions were investigated using two novel instruments. Applying online instruments using an ascorbic acid (AA) and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay provides a much higher temporal resolution compared with traditional filter-based methods and allows for new insights into the highly dynamic changes in the OP and ROS activity of these sources. Due to the efficiency of the particulate filter in the Euro 6d car, almost no primary particles were emitted and, thus, no particle OP or ROS activity was detected in primary exhaust. However, a substantial and highly dynamic OP and ROSs were observed after photochemical ageing due to the formation of secondary particles. Increasing OP and ROS activity due to ageing was also observed when comparing fresh and aged RWC emissions. Overall, RWC emissions had higher OP and ROS signals compared with car emissions. This suggests that aged RWC emissions could be a major contributor to air pollution toxicity and may be an intrinsically more harmful emission source than car exhaust, although the formation potential for secondary particles from car emissions was still high. These measurements illustrate the strong differences and highly dynamic nature of toxicity-relevant particle properties from two air pollution sources and could contribute to more efficient air pollution mitigation policies

    Beyond Epilepsy: The Expanding Role of Valproic Acid in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy – a Review

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    Valproic acid (VPA), a well-established anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, has gained significant attention for its potential neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer disease (AD). As a histone deacetylase inhibitor, VPA influences gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that VPA reduces β-amyloid accumulation, inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation, modulates oxidative stress, and attenuates neuroinflammation—key pathological hallmarks of AD. Additionally, VPA enhances neurogenesis and supports synaptic function, further contributing to its neuroprotective properties. Despite encouraging in vitro and in vivo findings, clinical trials investigating VPA’s efficacy in AD have yielded mixed results. While some studies reported benefits in managing behavioral symptoms, large-scale trials, including the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Valproate Trial, failed to demonstrate significant cognitive improvement and revealed notable side effects. These findings highlight the need for further research to optimize VPA’s clinical application, including targeted drug delivery, combination therapies, and patient-specific approaches. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying VPA’s neuroprotective effects, evaluates its therapeutic potential in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, and discusses the challenges that must be addressed before its widespread clinical implementation

    Lapset ja nuoret hyvinvointialueiden alueellisissa opiskeluhuoltosuunnitelmissa

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    Hyvinvointialueuudistuksen tavoitteena oli rakentaa toimivat ja tasaarvoiset alueelliset käytännöt opiskeluhuoltoon. Alueellisen suunnittelun keskeiseksi välineeksi luotiin hyvinvointialueen alueellinen opiskeluhuoltosuunnitelma. Hyvinvointialueuudistukseen on liitetty uhkakuvia muun muassa siitä, millaiseksi lasten ja nuorten paikka kahden sektorin yhdyspinnalla uudella tavalla rakentuvassa opiskeluhuollossa muodostuu. Analysoimme tässä tutkimuksessa hyvinvointialueiden ensimmäisiä alueellisia opiskeluhuoltosuunnitelmia (N=16) keskittyen siihen, miten suunnitelmissa kehystetään lapsia ja nuoria osana opiskeluhuollon kokonaisuutta. Tuloksena esitämme neljä tulkintakehystä, joiden mukaan suunnitelmissa 1) lasten ja nuorten tilanteet kuvattiin ongelmallisina vakuuttavan kuvan luomiseksi alueen tilanteesta, 2) luotiin paremmin voivan lapsen ja nuoren ideaaleja alueiden tulevaisuutta visioitaessa, 3) kuvattiin lapsia ja nuoria keskiarvojen kautta neuvotteluissa hyvästä, riittävästä ja keskeisimmästä opiskeluhuollossa sekä 4) asemoitiin lasten ja nuorten tilanteiden ja tarpeiden kokonaisvaltaisuus opiskeluhuollon ammatillista yhteistyötä haastavaksi asiaksi. Suunnitelmien analysointi osoitti, miten lasten ja nuorten tarpeista lähtevän opiskeluhuollon kehittäminen kehystyi myös taloudellisten, organisatoristen ja yhteiskunnallisten reunaehtojen kautta. Tutkimus havainnollistaa suunnitelmadokumenttien seurauksellisuutta lasten ja nuorten kuvaajina osana laajoja yhteiskunnallisia reformeja

    Precocious and delayed puberty

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    Synthesis of Nanoplastics and Ecotoxicity in Lumbriculus variegatus (Black worm)

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    Biomonitoring of Exposure in Contaminated Soil and Hazardous Waste Handlers

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