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Offshore Wind Power through the Lenses of EU Climate, Energy, and Environmental Law—Between Climate Aspirations, Market Competition, and Environmental Impact
No full textThis article examines the coherence of European Union (EU) climate, energy, and environmental laws for offshore wind power, focusing on the ability of the EU legal system to manage trade-offs in offshore wind development. The topic is timely, as the EU is advancing an energy transition that includes offshore wind, while also aiming to protect and restore marine environments and biodiversity. In its current setup, EU law lacks the capacity to balance these trade-offs, with climate and energy goals taking precedence over ecological protections. This is visible in how climate change mitigation, energy security, and energy markets hold a dominant position in EU law to the development of offshore wind, while ecological considerations are paid lip service but offered little legal protection. This is problematic as the EU has set itself legal goals to both reach good environmental status of the marine environment and restore the marine environment. To support a timely transition with minimal ecological impact, we propose two recommendations on how to modify the current EU legal frameworks: The legal status of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive should be clarified and strengthened, and maritime spatial plans for offshore wind should contain legally binding no-go areas to protect marine biodiversity and ecology
EU’s Clean Industrial Deal: A Risk or an Opportunity for Sustainability?
No full textThe European Commission published the Clean Industrial Deal in February 2025 with a view to bridge climate action and competitiveness under one overarching growth strategy. This article critically analyses the Clean Industrial Deal as a key component of the EU’s evolving industrial strategy, focusing on its implications for achieving broad sustainability goals. It draws on the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) to allow for a structured and theoretically supported analysis of how different aspects of the Deal may contribute to, or hinder, systemic change. In doing so, the article analyses whether the measures proposed in the Clean Industrial deal shift the regulatory balance in ways that compromise the EU’s environmental commitments put forward in the 2019 Green Deal, particularly in cases where speed and flexibility are prioritized over precaution and long-term ecological considerations. It finds that the Clean Industrial Deal has major potential to mainstream and integrate particularly climate change objectives into EU industrial, trade and competition policy. However, the jury is still out on how the Clean Industrial Deal fares in terms of other sustainability objectives such as biodiversity, pollution and resource sufficiency, but it nevertheless offers both opportunities and risks for sustainability
Order parameters and the irreversible behavior of spatial coherence in the time and frequency domains
No full textWe analyze the relation between the space-frequency and space-time coherence properties of scalar optical fields when deterministic and/or random linear transformations are performed in the frequency domain. Particular attention is paid to the irreversibility of the coherence properties under random operations. We introduce two time-domain order parameters, neither of which can increase under random transformations that preserve the power spectrum. We also identify different classes of spectrally completely coherent stochastic fields that the descriptors of coherence introduce. The results can be useful in the research of light propagation through random media
Human-AI integrated adaptive practicing to foster self-regulated learning in online STEM education
No full textDigital Tourism Marketing as a Potential Catalyst for Transformative Experiences
No full textThis study explores the potential of tourism marketing materials to evoke transformative experiences, focusing on a subsample of twenty-five participants drawn from a larger study who demonstrated transformative changes during the research. Data was collected through a three-phase process: a pre-survey, an experiment involving watching marketing materials, and a post-interview. The subsample showed characteristics of great self-reflection skills and stronger preference for relaxation, nature and volunteer work, as well as greater inclination toward extroversion. Three key themes of transformation emerged: recontextualising the familiar, changing attitudes, and aspirational engagement with unexplored destinations and new activities. While socio-demographic factors did not significantly differentiate the subsample, they demonstrated more change of thinking and stronger likelihood of concrete action than the comparison group. This research highlights the potential for tourism organizations to influence consumer behaviour by designing digital marketing materials that foster transformative experiences. Even without explicit intention, such materials can spark changes in attitude, show a new perspective in a familiar destination or encourage to try novel activities or destinations. The findings also suggest that these experiences can play a role in promoting sustainable tourism practices and engaging new customer segments. Further research could explore how to intentionally design marketing materials to maximise their transformative impact
”Are any women in charge?” - Gender organizing the actions of the doll, the human, and the society in the film Barbie
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