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Alternation of must, have to, and need to in English as a lingua franca
No full textThis study explores the grammatical variability of modal auxiliary verbs in English as a lingua franca. Focusing on the ongoing change must, have to, and need to, this research utilizes two spoken corpora: the Vienna–Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE) and the Asian Corpus of English (ACE). A total of 4487 tokens of must, have to, and need to were analyzed using Bayesian mixed-effects multinomial regression models. The findings reveal that lingua franca users exhibit more systematicity than inconsistency in their use of necessity modals across geographic and cultural borders. Speakers in ACE and VOICE show a preference for have to and need to when expressing necessity and obligation. Furthermore, the influence of linguistic and social factors is similar across Asian and European contexts. Our observations highlight the potential of Bayesian statistics for the study of lingua franca uses of English, which currently based on small digital corpora
“In my opinion there are no social classes, but in practice they can be seen.” A discursive study of how social class is described and produced in interview talk
No full textKiertoajan pidentämiseen ja puuston minimitilavuuteen perustuva hiilikorvausmalli – vaikutus metsätalouteen ja hiilivarastoihin
No full textAutologinen kantasolusiirto immuunihoitona
No full textAutologisessa kantasolusiirrossa potilaalta aiemmin kerätyt monikykyiset hematopoieettiset kantasolut palautetaan potilaalle, mikä mahdollistaa aiemmin annetun solunsalpaajahoidon annosintensiteetin merkittävän lisäämisen. Yleisimmät hoitoindikaatiot ovat myelooma ja lymfoomat. Näiden lisäksi kantasolusiirtoa käytetään kokeellisena hoitona vaikeissa autoimmuunitaudeissa. Pahanlaatuisissa sairauksissa autologisen kantasolusiirron teho perustuu intensiiviseen solunsalpaajahoitoon, joka tuhoaa kasvainsolut, sekä infusoitavan siirteen solusisällön vaikutuksiin luuytimen hematopoieesin toipumisessa ja immuunijärjestelmän toiminnan palautumisessa. Kantasolusiirron teho autoimmuunitaudeissa puolestaan perustuu todennäköisesti immuunijärjestelmän alasajoon, haitallisen immunologisen muistin heikentymiseen ja immuunijärjestelmän uudelleenjärjestäytymiseen. Uusia biologisia merkkiaineita tarvitaan erottamaan autologisesta kantasolusiirrosta hyötyvät potilaat niistä, jotka tarvitsisivat ennemmin uusia hoitomuotoja
Effects of advanced hybrid closed-loop system on body mass index and glycemic control on children with type 1 diabetes
No full textMuscle Power Versus Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women
No full textObjective
To assess whether muscle power (force times velocity) outperforms strength as a risk indicator and predictor of mortality.
Participants and Methods
Anthropometric, clinical and vital status, muscle power, and strength data were assessed in 3889 individuals aged 46 to 75 years (2636 [67.8%] men) who were participants in the CLINIMEX Exercise prospective cohort between February 13, 2001, and October 31, 2022. Study participants were stratified by sex and categorized into 4 groups according to the distribution of the results of relative muscle power and strength (adjusted for body weight) measured, respectively, by handgrip and upper row movement tests.
Results
Death rates were 14.2% (373 of 2636) and 8.9% (111 of 1253) for men and women, respectively, during a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.8 years (6.7 to 15.5 years). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for mortality comparing the lowest vs highest categories of relative muscle power were 5.88 (2.28 to 15.17; P<.001) and 6.90 (1.61 to 29.58; P=.009) for men and women, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) for relative strength were 1.62 (0.89 to 2.96; P=.11) and 1.71 (0.61 to 4.80; P=.31), respectively. Sex-specific results of risk prediction analyses revealed that improvements in C index provided by relative power over relative strength were 0.0110 (95% CI, 0.0039 to 0.0182) in men and 0.0112 (95% CI, −0.0040 to 0.0265) in women.
Conclusion
In this large prospective study, relative muscle power was a stronger predictor of mortality than relative strength in middle-aged and older men and women. Evaluating and training muscle power could be of clinical and practical relevance
