University of Eastern Finland

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    Tuntemattomiin kohdistuvan väkivallan riskitekijät ja erot yleisistä väkivallan riskitekijöistä

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    Effect of partial polarization on Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov shifts

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    We derive the Goos–Hänchen (GH) and Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts of random electromagnetic beams with arbitrary state and degree of polarization and spatial coherence. Further, we demonstrate the general formalism by calculating analytic expressions for the GH and IF shifts of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam and show that the GH shifts may exist irrespective of the degree and state of polarization of the beam, while the IF shifts vanish when the beam is either s or p polarized or completely unpolarized. In addition, the spatial coherence width of the EGSM beam is found to influence only the angular GH and IF shifts

    Katsaus katsauksista - monta tapaa tulkita, yhdistää ja tuottaa tietoa

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    Lääketieteellistä tutkimusta voidaan ryhmitellä usealla tavalla. Yksi tapa on jakaa tutkimukset alkuperäistutkimuksiksi ja katsauksiksi. Tämä jako on kuitenkin karkea molempia ryhmiä ajatellen. Alkuperäistutkimusten kirjo on tunnistettu jo aikaisemmin paremmin, mutta viimeistään 2000-luvulla katsauksien monipuolisuus eri asetelmineen ja menetelmineen on osoittanut katsauksienkin laajuuden. Erilaisia katsauksia ovat muun muassa systemaattiset katsaukset, meta-analyysit, verkostometa-analyysit, sateenvarjokatsaukset, metaepidemiologiset ja luotaavat katsaukset. Katsausta lukiessa on tärkeää ymmärtää eri katsaustyyppien tavoitteet, tyypilliset sisällöt ja mistä asioista katsauksen laatu muodostuu. Julkaisumäärien lisääntyessä on tärkeää osata erottaa joukosta luotettavat katsaukset. Laadukkaat katsaukset auttavat jäsentämään alkuperäistutkimuksien löydökset kliinisessä työssä sovellettavaan muotoon

    Taxonomic study of novel species to genus Paracistella (nom. prov.) (Helotiales, Ascomycota)

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    Sustainability management complexities and trade-offs of forest manufacturing enterprises in Finnish peripheries

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    Forest bioeconomy and the use of forests are highly debated topics in the sustainability framework of the European Union (EU) and nationally in Finland. While green growth agendas lean on the enormous boost from an efficient forest bioeconomy, the environmental agendas favour less damaging actions in the forests. In addition, sustainability agendas from the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals to the EU, national, regional, and local strategies underline the socio-economic inclusion – often pointing out the opportunities and benefits that the added value of natural resources is expected to bring to rural regions. In the middle of these debates and expectations are rural forest manufacturing enterprises. The question is how forest manufacturing enterprises manage the different sides and impulses of ongoing sustainability transitions and their roles in different sustainability framings. The empirical study focuses on enterprises located in rural regions within North Karelia, North Savo and Kainuu in Finland. The main data are based on interviews with key actors in forest manufacturing enterprises and local governmental or developmental organisations. The analysis reveals that sustainability management requires skills to identify, forecast, master, adapt and turn the flows relating to different sides of sustainability transitions into an advantage. Furthermore, sustainability management demands stronger investments in sustainable infrastructure that benefits the forest manufacturing enterprises and, more widely, the socio-economic inclusion and revival of rural communities. In the end, success in this complex sustainability management impacts whether enterprises will be regarded as sustainable entrepreneurs or ecovillains

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