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The association of body composition with acute arterial stiffness responses caused by prolonged sitting and prolonged sitting interrupted by interval exercise in 12–14-year-old adolescents
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Antopaikalla geeliytyvät lämpötilaan reagoivat hydrogeelit pidennetysti lääkeainetta vapauttavaan annosteluun silmässä
No full textBehavioral interventions as treatment for insomnia – A scoping review of randomized controlled trials
No full textObjective
To map behavioral interventions evaluated as a potential treatment for insomnia in previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through a scoping review.
Methods
A bibliographic search was performed to gather RCTs evaluating behavioral interventions for insomnia, either diagnosed according to standardized criteria or limited to moderate to severe symptoms. Behavioral interventions included should be: 1. Focused on modifying behaviors that affect sleep, 2. Self-implementable, 3. Suitable for home implementation, and 4. Not depending on or using cognitive/emotional processes. Behavioral interventions were categorized as “increasing/engaging”, “reducing/avoiding”, and “adjusting/modifying” behaviors.
Results
Forty-nine RCTs were included, with an average of 1.8 RCTs per year and peak publication record in 2015 and 2023 (k = 6 each). Adjusting/modifying behavior interventions were the most frequent (k = 32, 65.3 %), followed by increasing/engaging behaviors (k = 18, 36.7 %). Among individual interventions, multi-component behavioral therapy with sleep restriction was the most common (k = 17, 34.7 %), followed by sleep restriction alone (k = 9, 18.4 %), yoga and tai chi (k = 6, 12.2 %) and physical exercise (k = 6, 12.2 %). Another nine interventions were listed, with one to four RCTs each.
Conclusion
Despite the ubiquity of advice to practice good sleep hygiene to improve sleep quality, these findings highlight the need for high-quality randomised trials examining which behavioural interventions lead to improved sleep, as many currently being recommended do not have an adequate evidence base
Improving plastic recycling : direct mass spectrometric analysis of brominated flame retardants in synthetic polymer samples
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Quarrels cooking soup or sabre-wielding tough guys? Gendered linguistic expressions in the news of the collective agreement negotiations in spring 2023.
No full textTargeted metagenomics using probe capture detect a larger diversity of nitrogen and methane cycling genes in complex microbial communities than traditional metagenomics
No full textMicroorganisms are key players in the global cycling of nitrogen and carbon, controlling their availability and fluxes, including the emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane. Standard sequencing methods often reveal only a limited fraction of their diversity, because of their low relative abundance, the insufficient sequencing depth of traditional metagenomes of complex communities, and limitations in coverage of DNA amplification-based assays. Here, we developed and tested a targeted metagenomics approach based on probe capture and hybridization to simultaneously characterize the diversity of multiple key metabolic genes involved in inorganic nitrogen and methane cycling. We designed comprehensive probe libraries for each of the 14 target marker genes comprising 264 111 unique probes. In validation experiments with mock communities, targeted metagenomics yielded gene profiles similar to the original communities. Only GC content had a small effect on probe efficiency, as low GC targets were less efficiently detected than those with high GC, within the mock communities. Furthermore, the relative abundances of the marker genes obtained using targeted or traditional shotgun metagenomics were significantly correlated. In addition, using archaeal amoA genes as a case-study, targeted metagenomics identified a substantially higher taxonomic diversity and a larger number of sequence reads per sample, yielding diversity estimates 28 or 1.24 times higher than shotgun metagenomics or amplicon sequencing, respectively. Our results show that targeted metagenomics complements current approaches to characterize key microbial populations and functional guilds in biogeochemical cycles in different ecosystems, enabling more detailed, simultaneous characterization of multiple functional genes
Advanced Microbiome Therapeutics Accelerate MASLD Recovery by Restoring Intestinal Microbiota Equilibrium and the Gut-Liver Axis in a Mouse Model
No full textGut microbiota dysbiosis and endocrine dysregulation are key players in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) development. This study evaluated whether advanced microbiome therapeutics can restore intestinal microbial equilibrium and gut-liver axis balance during MASLD recovery. MASLD was induced in mice using a high-fat, high-sugar diet, and then shifted to a standard diet, where intervention groups received engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 expressing IGF1 (EcNI) or aldafermin (EcNA), and control groups received E. coli Nissle 1917 vehicle (EcN) or no microbial intervention (CTRL). EcNI and EcNA improved MASLD recovery compared to controls by lowering hepatic fat, plasma cholesterol, and body weight, while increasing bacterial diversity, plasma acetate, and propionate, and modulating particular microbial groups, potentially alleviating dysbiosis. Additionally, EcNI and EcNA downregulated acetyl-CoA, the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, and EcNA upregulated the pentose phosphate pathway and pyruvate, which are related to oxidative stress reduction. These results suggest that EcNI and EcNA are potential novel treatments for MASLD
