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'Teknisiä, hyvällä koneella varustettuja hiihtäjiä koko nippu': naishiihtäjän ruumista tuottavien diskurssien muutos
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Restoration induced long-term vegetation change in oligotrophic peatlands
No full text1. Ecological restoration of forestry-drained peatlands is an increasingly acknowledged mean to halt the biodiversity loss, yet little is known on the long-term responses of vegetation—a key factor in judging the success of various restoration measures.
2. In this study, we follow long-term succession in vegetation composition from a year before through 11 years after peatland rewetting by ditch filling. Tree harvesting as a part of restoration was conducted by removing the whole trees or stems only.
3. For both restoration approaches, the restoration trajectory of vegetation was non-linear, and the recovery time differed between plant functional groups. We first observed an initial loss of species, followed by increases in species indicative of undrained peatlands and an increase in trait heterogeneity. Additionally, we observed that sedges responded to restoration faster than Sphagnum mosses.
4. Synthesis and applications: Here we show that restoration increases the resemblance to undrained peatlands, with little differences between the tree harvesting methods. We suggest that Sphagnum moss cover could be used in monitoring the success of restoration of nutrient poor peatlands. Our results highlight the necessity of long-term monitoring. The difference between strip and near former ditch lines showed spatial variability long after the restoration, which should be accounted for in monitoring
Global impact of anthropogenic NH3 emissions on upper tropospheric aerosol formation
No full textAnthropogenic ammonia (NH3) emissions have significantly increased in recent decades due to enhanced agricultural activities, contributing to global air pollution. While the effects of NH3 on surface air quality are well documented, its influence on particle dynamics in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) and related aerosol impacts remain unquantified. NH3 reaches the UTLS through convective transport and can enhance new particle formation (NPF). This modeling study evaluates the global impact of anthropogenic NH3 on UTLS particle formation and quantifies its effects on aerosol loading and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) abundance. We use the EMAC Earth system model, incorporating multicomponent NPF parameterizations from the CERN CLOUD experiment. Our simulations reveal that convective transport increases NH3-driven NPF in the UTLS by one to three orders of magnitude compared to a baseline scenario without anthropogenic NH3, causing a doubling of aerosol numbers over high-emission regions. These aerosol changes induce a 2.5-fold increase in upper tropospheric CCN concentrations. Anthropogenic NH3 emissions increase the relative contribution of water-soluble inorganic ions to the UTLS aerosol optical depth (AOD) by 20% and increase total column AOD by up to 80%. In simulations without anthropogenic NH3, UTLS aerosol composition is dominated by sulfate and organic species, with a marked reduction in ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content. This results in a decline of aerosol mass concentration by up to 50%. These findings underscore the profound global influence of anthropogenic NH3 emissions on UTLS particle formation, AOD, and CCN production, with important implications for cloud formation and climate
Miksi viranomaiset noudattavat lakia? – Empiirinen tutkimus hallinnon yhteisistä sähköisen asioinnin tukipalveluista annetun lain noudattamisesta
No full textOsallisuus ja valta viranomaisprosesseissa – Nuorten kokemuksia lastensuojelun ja nuorisopsykiatrian päätöksenteosta
No full textTämän artikkelin tavoitteena on kartoittaa nuorten osallisuuden kokemuksia päätöksentekoprosesseissa. Lisäksi artikkelissa analysoidaan nuorten ja ammattilaisten välisiä valtasuhteita, sillä vallankäytöt tavat vaikuttavat olennaisesti nuorten kokemuksiin osallisuudesta. Tutkimukseen osallistuneilla nuorilla on ollut asiakkuus sekä lastensuojelussa että psykiatrialla, ja haastatteluissa nuoret ovat kuvanneet kokemuksiaan näissä palveluissa. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat 1) Millaisia kokemuksia nuorilla on osallisuudestaan lastensuojelun ja nuorisopsykiatrian päätöksenteossa ja 2) Millaisia valtaan ja vallankäyttöön liittyviä elementtejä on paikannettavissa nuorten osallisuuden kokemuksia käsittelevissä kertomuksissa?
Tutkimusaineisto koostuu LANUPS-tutkimushankkeessa kerätystä yhdeksästätoista (19), 18–27-vuotiaan, nuoren aikuisen narratiivisesta yksilöhaastattelusta. Analysointimenetelmänä käytetään laadullista sisällönanalyysia.
Tutkimuksemme vahvistaa ajatusta siitä, että nuorten osallisuuden kokemus syntyy ymmärryksestä ja kuulluksi tulemisen kokemuksesta. Pelkkä mukana olo päätöksentekotilanteessa ei tuota osallisuutta vaan kuvastaa muodollista osallisuutta, jossa aikuiset kuuntelevat, mutta tekevät omat ratkaisunsa nuoren tilanteeseen. Toisaalta tutkimuksen yhtenä keskeisenä tuloksena on nuorten tapa muuttaa puutteellista osallisuuden kokemustaan osallisuudeksi negatiivisen toiminnan, esimerkiksi hatkaamisen kautta. Aikuiset taipuvat toisinaan nuoren toiveeseen, kun nuori saattaa itsensä ”epätoivottavaan tilanteeseen”. Tutkimuksessa osallisuus yhdistyy myös valtaan. Osallisuuden puute lisää työntekijän valtaa suhteessa nuoreen, kun taas osallisuus tukee tasa-arvoisempaa valtasuhdetta. Tasa-arvoisempi valtasuhde lisää nuoren hyvinvointia ja sitoutumista työskentelyyn. Tutkimuksen pohjalta on tärkeää miettiä nuorille tarjottavien palveluiden oikea-aikaisuutta ja keinoja vahvistaa nuoren sitoutumista työskentelyyn
Unemployment in the welfare state: parliamentary discourses on unemployment as indicators of the welfare state's direction
No full textA systematic comparison of in-house prepared transfection reagents in the delivery of mRNA or DNA to a wide range of cultured cells
No full textTransfection is a fundamental molecular biology technique, enabling gene editing, protein expression, and vaccine development. However, transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity vary widely between reagent and cell type, necessitating optimization. Commercial reagents such as Lipofectamine 2000 and FuGENE HD are widely used for their high efficiency, but they are expensive and the efficiency can associate with cytotoxicity. In-house alternatives such as linear PEI (25 kDa and 40 kDa) and cationic lipids—1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane—combined with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) offer cost-effective options, but their performance across diverse cell types and nucleic acid type (RNA or DNA) remains insufficiently characterized. This motivated us to systematically evaluate transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and complex stability of these in-house reagents (DOPE: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and DOPE:N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride tested at molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) over a broad range of reagent to nucleic acid ratios, using plasmid DNA and mRNA encoding mCherry. We performed transfections across 14 cell lines derived from human, monkey, frog, snake, and rodent tissues. We utilized automated fluorescence microscopy for quantifying transfection efficiency, luminescence-based viability assays for cytotoxicity, and studied complex stability during storage at 4 °C (0, 4, and 24 h) through transfection. Results revealed cell line-dependent differences in transfection efficiency and showed in-house cationic lipid formulations to have a high mRNA transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity. Lipofectamine 2000 and PEI 40k formed the most stable DNA complexes, but with higher cytotoxicity. This study provides a comprehensive reference for selecting customizable, cost-effective transfection reagents for specific cell and nucleic acid types