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Opettajien näkemyksiä yläkouluikäisten oppilaiden motivaatiosta matematiikan oppitunneilla
No full textMiten terveydenhuoltoa uudistetaan Euroopassa?
No full text• Terveydenhuollon haasteet ovat Euroopassa samankaltaisia. Niitä käsittelevien uudistusten laatu ja sisältö kuitenkin vaihtelevat.
• Useissa maissa uudistuksia pohjustetaan asiantuntijaselvityksillä. Tulevaisuuden päätöksenteolle luodaan pohjaa parlamentaarisella komiteatyöllä.
• Koko järjestelmää kerralla mullistavat uudistukset ovat harvinaisia. Tähän verrattuna Suomen sote-uudistus on poikkeuksellinen.
• Palvelutuotannon kehittämisen painopiste on perusterveydenhuollon vahvistamisessa.
• Perusterveydenhuollossa yleislääkärivetoisista malleista siirrytään suurempiin praktiikoihin ja moniammatillisiin tiimeihin
Transgenerational trauma - The transgenerational transmission of trauma and the importance of recognizing it in social work
No full textRakenteellinen stigma ja yhdenvertaisuus sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa - erityisesti epilepsiaa sairastavien näkökulmasta
No full textTowards consensus: The need for standardised definitions in Long (post) COVID care in 34 European countries
No full textBackground
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems, leading to challenges in managing Long COVID. Variations in definitions and diagnostic criteria across Europe hinder recognition and treatment efforts. This study aims to analyse and compare the definitions of Long COVID used in 34 European countries.
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted involving key informants from 34 European countries, utilising an online questionnaire to gather data on Long COVID definitions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were employed to assess the variability of definitions and challenges in managing Long COVID.
Results
The study found significant variation in Long COVID definitions among the participating countries; the most frequent definition was the other definition (n: 17, 50.0%), followed by the World Health Organisation’s definition (n: 16, 47.0%) and the CDC definition (n: 11, 32.3%). Half of the countries reported using multiple definitions simultaneously, indicating a lack of standardisation. Qualitative analyses highlighted challenges such as difficulties in standardising terminology, variability in clinical criteria, and issues with implementing diagnostic codes.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the need for a unified, yet adaptable, definition of Long COVID. Such a definition would support general practitioners (GPs) by simplifying diagnostic processes, improving continuity of care, and facilitating equitable patient access to multidisciplinary resources. The current lack of consensus complicates patient care, data collection, and resource allocation, impacting health policy development. Future efforts should focus on achieving agreement on definitions to ensure equitable treatment and effective healthcare responses to Long COVID
Effects of ground vegetation on terrestrial laser scanning-derived digital terrain models in boreal forests
No full textDigital terrain models (DTMs) represent bare ground topography and are essential for studying forest characteristics. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is widely used for forest characterization and DTM derivation, but ground vegetation affects the reliability of DTM. This study quantified vertical errors in TLS-derived DTMs caused by ground vegetation in boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests and assessed their impact on diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume, and stand volume. Bitemporal TLS campaigns were conducted at four one-hectare test sites in Finland, where controlled burnings removed ground vegetation between the measurements. This created 12,452 burned cells (1 × 1 m), while 7619 intact cells served as controls. Comparing pre- and post-fire DTMs revealed that post-fire DTMs were, on average, 8–13 cm lower. Burned cells exhibited greater absolute change (|ΔDTM|) and related root mean square difference (RMSD). Taller vegetation led to higher ΔDTM values. A 10 cm DTM overestimation caused systematic errors in tree and forest attributes: DBH was underestimated by 1.3 mm (0.6%), stem volume by 4.8 dm³ (3.1%), and total stem volume by ∼3 m³/ha (1.3%). This study quantifies ground elevation overestimation and tree attribute underestimation when DTMs include ground vegetation in boreal forests
Quantum state engineering and photon statistics at electromagnetic time interfaces
No full textModulating macroscopic parameters of materials in time offers innovative avenues for manipulating elec-
tromagnetic waves. Due to such enticing prospects, the general research subject of time-varying systems is
expanding today in different branches of electromagnetism and optics. However, compared with the research
efforts and progresses that have taken place in the realm of classical electrodynamics, the quantum aspects of
this emerging subject have been less explored. Here, through the lens of quantum optics, we study the scattering
of electromagnetic fields from an isotropic and nondispersive material with a suddenly changing refractive
index, creating a time interface. We revisit the transformation of the bosonic mode operators and corresponding
quantum states due to this interface, governed by the two-mode squeeze operator. Building on this foundation,
at the core of the investigation, our analysis focuses on the quantum state engineering and photon statistics
of the scattered light. Notably, such an analysis reveals and connects various quantum optical phenomena
and opportunities arising from the time interface, including photon-pair production and destruction, photon
bunching and antibunching, vacuum generation, quantum state discrimination, and quantum state freezing. To
bridge theory and experiment, we propose a possible circuit quantum electrodynamics approach for validating
our theoretical predictions. We hope that our work inspires experimental investigations of such quantum state
engineering and photon statistics phenomena, as well as further quantum optical explorations of electromagnetic
field interaction with photonic time crystals or with dispersive time-varying materials
